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1.
J Clin Med ; 12(24)2023 Dec 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38137678

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study aims to establish a reference for the superior-inferior hemisphere asymmetry in thickness values for all macular layers for the posterior pole algorithm (PPA) available for the Spectralis SD-OCT device. METHODS: We examined 300 eyes of 300 healthy Caucasian volunteers aged 18-84 years using the PPA, composed of a grid of 64 (8 × 8) cells, to analyze the thickness asymmetries of the following automatically segmented macular layers: retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL); ganglion cell layer (GCL); inner plexiform layer (IPL); inner nuclear layer (INL); outer plexiform layer (OPL); outer nuclear layer (ONL); retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); inner retina; outer retina; complete retina. Mean ± standard deviation and the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the thickness asymmetry values were obtained for all the corresponding cells. RESULTS: All the macular layers had significant superior-inferior thickness asymmetries. GCL, IPL, INL, ONL and RPE showed significantly greater thicknesses in the superior than the inferior hemisphere, whereas RNFL and OPL were thicker in the inferior hemisphere. The largest differences between hemispheres were for RNFL and ONL. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first normative database of macular thickness asymmetries for the PPA and should be considered to distinguish normal from pathological values when interpreting superior-inferior macular asymmetries.

2.
J Clin Med ; 9(10)2020 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33076558

RESUMO

Our aim was to provide, for the first time, reference thickness values for the SD-OCT posterior pole algorithm (PPA) available for Spectralis OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and to analyze the correlations with age, gender and axial length. We recruited 300 eyes of 300 healthy Caucasian subjects between 18 and 84 years. By PPA, composed of 64 (8 × 8) cells, we analyzed the thickness of the following macular layers: retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retina, outer retina and full retina. Mean ± SD, 1st, 5th, 95th percentiles were obtained for each cell at all macular layers. Significant negative correlations were found between age and thickness for most macular layers. The mean thickness of most macular layers was thicker for men than women, except for RNFL, OPL and RPE, with no gender differences. GCL, IPL and INL thicknesses positively correlated with axial length in central cells, and negatively in the cells near the optic disk. The mean RNFL thickness was positively associated with axial length. This is the first normative database for PPA. Age, gender and axial length should be taken into account when interpreting PPA results.

3.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 32(2): 140-143, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-791078

RESUMO

La infiltración de anestésico local (AL) está cada vez más extendida como indicación en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático. La intoxicación por AL es poco frecuente pero grave, potencialmente mortal y de difícil manejo. Cursa con afectación del nivel de conciencia, crisis comiciales y bloqueos de la conducción cardiaca. La emulsión lipídica (EL) al 20 % es el único tratamiento específico descrito hasta la fecha y ha mejorado el pronóstico de estos casos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con deterioro neurológico progresivo tras la infiltración de altas dosis de AL por un dolor neuropático refractario a otros tratamientos. El paciente fue tratado con emulsión lipídica al 20 % revirtiendo el cuadro neurológico de forma precoz y completa. La aparición de síntomas neurológicos progresivos en el contexto de una infiltración de anestésico local debe alertarnos sobre una posible intoxicación para iniciar tratamiento precoz con emulsión lipídica al 20 %, evitando un pronóstico infausto. Sin embargo, la prevención sigue siendo la herramienta principal.


The infiltration of local anesthetic (LA) is increasingly widespread as an indication in the treatment of neuropathic pain. AL poisoning is rare but serious, life-threatening entity and its management may be very difficult. It occurs with decreased level of consciousness, seizures and cardiac conduction blocks. The lipid emulsion (EL) 20% is the only specific treatment described to date and it has improved the prognosis of these patients. We report the case of a patient with progressive neurological deterioration after injection of high doses of LA for treat a neuropathic pain refractory to other treatments. The patient was treated with lipid emulsion 20% with reversing all the neurological symptoms early and completely. The occurrence of progressive neurological symptoms in the context of a local anesthetic infiltration, should alert us to a possible poisoning and to start early treatment with lipid emulsion 20%, to avoid poor prognosis. However, prevention remains the main tool.

4.
Rev Neurol ; 62(4): 157-64, 2016 Feb 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26860720

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a serious but potentially reversible entity. Reducing the time of care in the acute phase is essential to limit morbidity and mortality. The evaluation of the performances in stroke care is essential because it allows identify opportunities for improvement. AIM: To understand and analyze the determinants of the delay in the time of hospital care for the subsequent implementation of a cycle of improvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy (IAMT) in a tertiary hospital between 2009-2014. In-hospital times, quality indicators and associated factors were analyzed. RESULTS: 337 patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with IVT (66.2%) and/or IAMT (54.1%). In-hospital times (95% confidence interval): door-to-needle time, 75.88 min (71.67-80.16 min); door-to-imaging, 43.27 min (40.17-46.37 min), imaging-to-needle, 38.01 min (34.08-41.93 min); IVT-IAMT time, 127.44 min (108.7-146.18 min); door-to-groin puncture, 155.22 min (140.03-170.40 min). 36.6% treated in less than 60 min, neuroimaging in less than 25 min in 19.9% and IVT-IAMT time in less than 90 minutes in 28.8%. Age, onset-to-door time, non-ambulance transport and the learning period were identified as determinants. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the current situation of the times and quality indicators and their determinants are essential to provide the motivation to start an initiative to improve the quality of care in patients with acute stroke.


TITLE: Identificacion de los factores condicionantes de tiempos e indicadores de calidad en la atencion intrahospitalaria al ictus agudo.Introduccion. El ictus es una entidad grave, pero potencialmente reversible. La reduccion del tiempo de atencion en el momento agudo es fundamental para limitar la morbimortalidad. La evaluacion de las actuaciones en la atencion al ictus es esencial, porque permite identificar oportunidades de mejora. Objetivo. Conocer y analizar los factores condicionantes de la demora en los tiempos de atencion intrahospitalaria para la posterior implementacion de un ciclo de mejora. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con ictus isquemico agudo tratados con trombolisis intravenosa (TLIV) y/o trombectomia intraarterial mecanica (TIAM) en un hospital terciario entre 2009-2014. Se analizaron los tiempos intrahospitalarios, los indicadores de calidad y sus factores condicionantes. Resultados. Un total de 337 pacientes fueron tratados con TLIV (66,2%) y/o TIAM (54,1%). Tiempos medios de actuacion (intervalo de confianza al 95%): puerta-TLIV, 75,88 min (71,67-80,16 min); puerta-TC, 43,27 min (40,17-46,37 min); TC-TLIV, 38,01 min (34,08-41,93 min); TLIV-TIAM, 127,44 min (108,7-146,18 min); puerta-TIAM, 155,22 min (140,03-170,4 min). El 36,6% fue tratado en menos de 60 min, la neuroimagen se realizo en menos de 25 min en un 19,9% y el tiempo TLIV-TIAM fue menor de 90 min en un 28,8%. La edad, el tiempo inicio-puerta, la procedencia de otro hospital y el periodo de aprendizaje se identificaron como factores condicionantes. Conclusiones. El conocimiento de la situacion actual de los tiempos e indicadores intrahospitalarios y sus factores condicionantes son el punto de partida y proporcionan la motivacion necesaria para impulsar una iniciativa para la mejora de la calidad asistencial en el paciente con ictus agudo.


Assuntos
Trombólise Mecânica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Terapia Trombolítica , Tempo para o Tratamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos , Hospitalização , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroimagem , Exame Neurológico , Transferência de Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(4): 157-164, 16 feb., 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148778

RESUMO

Introducción. El ictus es una entidad grave, pero potencialmente reversible. La reducción del tiempo de atención en el momento agudo es fundamental para limitar la morbimortalidad. La evaluación de las actuaciones en la atención al ictus es esencial, porque permite identificar oportunidades de mejora. Objetivo. Conocer y analizar los factores condicionantes de la demora en los tiempos de atención intrahospitalaria para la posterior implementación de un ciclo de mejora. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo tratados con trombólisis intravenosa (TLIV) y/o trombectomía intraarterial mecánica (TIAM) en un hospital terciario entre 2009-2014. Se analizaron los tiempos intrahospitalarios, los indicadores de calidad y sus factores condicionantes. Resultados. Un total de 337 pacientes fueron tratados con TLIV (66,2%) y/o TIAM (54,1%). Tiempos medios de actuación (intervalo de confianza al 95%): puerta-TLIV, 75,88 min (71,67-80,16 min); puerta-TC, 43,27 min (40,17-46,37 min); TC-TLIV, 38,01 min (34,08-41,93 min); TLIV-TIAM, 127,44 min (108,7-146,18 min); puerta-TIAM, 155,22 min (140,03-170,4 min). El 36,6% fue tratado en menos de 60 min, la neuroimagen se realizó en menos de 25 min en un 19,9% y el tiempo TLIVTIAM fue menor de 90 min en un 28,8%. La edad, el tiempo inicio-puerta, la procedencia de otro hospital y el período de aprendizaje se identificaron como factores condicionantes. Conclusiones. El conocimiento de la situación actual de los tiempos e indicadores intrahospitalarios y sus factores condicionantes son el punto de partida y proporcionan la motivación necesaria para impulsar una iniciativa para la mejora de la calidad asistencial en el paciente con ictus agudo (AU)


Introduction. Stroke is a serious but potentially reversible entity. Reducing the time of care in the acute phase is essential to limit morbidity and mortality. The evaluation of the performances in stroke care is essential because it allows identify opportunities for improvement. Aim. To understand and analyze the determinants of the delay in the time of hospital care for the subsequent implementation of a cycle of improvement. Patients and methods. Retrospective study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy (IAMT) in a tertiary hospital between 2009-2014. In-hospital times, quality indicators and associated factors were analyzed. Results. 337 patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with IVT (66.2%) and/or IAMT (54.1%). In-hospital times (95% confidence interval): door-to-needle time, 75.88 min (71.67-80.16 min); door-to-imaging, 43.27 min (40.17-46.37 min), imaging-to-needle, 38.01 min (34.08-41.93 min); IVT-IAMT time, 127.44 min (108.7-146.18 min); door-to-groin puncture, 155.22 min (140.03-170.40 min). 36.6% treated in less than 60 min, neuroimaging in less than 25 min in a 19.9% and IVT-IAMT time in less than 90 minutes in 28.8%. Age, onset-to-door time, non-ambulance transport and the learning period were identified as determinants. Conclusions. Knowledge of the current situation of the times and quality indicators and their determinants are essential to provide the motivation to start an initiative to improve the quality of care in patients with acute stroke (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/reabilitação , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Trombectomia/métodos , Trombectomia , Indicadores de Serviços/organização & administração , Indicadores de Serviços/normas , Indicadores de Serviços/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores de Qualidade de Vida , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Intervalos de Confiança
6.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 31(4): 412-416, oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-776253

RESUMO

La encefalopatía de Wernicke es una emergencia neurológica caracterizada por la tríada clínica clásica de oftalmoplejia, ataxia y alteración del estado mental, que conlleva alta morbimortalidad. Se debe a un déficit de la vitamina B1 (tiamina), que en su forma activa desempeña un papel esencial en el metabolismo de neuronas de áreas específicas del cerebro. Aunque el alcoholismo es la causa más frecuente de este déficit, se han descrito numerosos agentes que pueden alterar la biodisponibilidad o el metabolismo de la tiamina (1), entre las que cabe destacar la cirugía del tracto gastrointestinal, sobre todo tras cirugía bariátrica. Por lo general el cuadro se produce entre las semanas cuatro y doce tras la resección, pero excepcionalmente se han descrito casos que ocurren de forma tardía (años). Presentamos el caso de un paciente intervenido de gastrectomía por un adenocarcinoma antropilórico que desarrolló una encefalopatía de Wernicke a los ocho años de la resección quirúrgica.


Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological emergency characterized by classic clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and disturbance of mental status, which carries high morbidity and mortality. It is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), which plays an essential role in the metabolism of neurons in specific brain areas. While alcoholism is the most common cause of this syndrome, numerous etiologies have been described that alter the bioavailability or metabolism of thiamine (1), among which are included gastrointestinal tract surgery, mainly bariatric surgery. Usually the onset occurs between week 4 and 12 after resection, but some cases have been rarely described to occur late (years). We report the case of a patient who underwent gastrectomy for a gastric adenocarcinoma who developed Wernicke encephalopathy after 8 years of surgical resection.

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