Etiological profile of early neonatal bacterial sepsis by multiplex qPCR.

INTRODUCTION: Given the major impact in terms of morbidity and mortality that episodes of early neonatal sepsis (ENS) have on both newborns and health systems, this study aimed to identify the etiological profile of early neonatal bacterial sepsis by a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). METHODOLOGY: Blood samples from newborns diagnosed with clinical ENS and hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) were collected and analyzed using the multiplex qPCR method to detect Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. A universal primer was used in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 150 neonates with clinical sepsis and 10 newborns as healthy controls were included in the study. The group with clinical sepsis was 100% positive for the presence of bacterial genomic DNA through the universal primer. The control group showed negativity by qPCR. The multiplex qPCR analysis showed that 76% of the samples were positive for Escherichia coli, 34% for Staphylococcus aureus, 13.3% for Streptococcus agalactiae, 7.3% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 0.7% for Enterobacter sp. and Serratia sp. Multiplex qPCR of patients with clinical sepsis matched with 8.1% of the blood samples that tested positive by the microbiological method. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid and sensitive detection of the pathogens causing ENS by this new multi-target approach based on multiplex qPCR could potentially excel compared to microbiological methods, with the simple objective of facilitating the progression to a more rapid and specific antimicrobial therapy, avoiding the abuse of antibiotics in NICUs.

Serum phenylalanine in preterm newborns fed different diets of human milk, / Fenilalanina plasmática em recém-nascidos pré-termo alimentados com diferentes dietas de leite humano,

Objective: To evaluate phenylalanine plasma profile in preterm newborns fed different human milk diets. Methods: Twenty-four very-low weight preterm newborns were distributed randomly in three groups with different feeding types: Group I: banked human milk plus 5% commercial fortifier with bovine protein, Group II: banked human milk plus evaporated fortifier derived from modified human milk, Group III: banked human milk plus lyophilized fortifier derived from modified human milk. The newborns received the group diet when full diet was attained at 15 ± 2 days. Plasma amino acid analysis was performedon the first and last day of feeding. Comparison among groups was performed by statistical tests: one way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test using SPSS software, version 20.0 (IBM Corp, NY, USA), considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Phenylalanine levels in the first and second analysis were, respectively, in Group I: 11.9 ± 1.22 and 29.72 ± 0.73; in Group II: 11.72 ± 1.04 and 13.44 ± 0.61; and in Group III: 11.3 ± 1.18 and 15.42 ± 0.83 μmol/L. Conclusion: The observed results demonstrated that human milk with fortifiers derived from human milk acted as a good substratum for preterm infant feeding both in the evaporated or the lyophilized form, without significant increases in plasma phenylalanine levels in comparison to human milk with commercial fortifier. .

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil plasmático do aminoácido fenilalanina em recém-nascidos pré-termo alimentados com diferentes dietas de leite humano. Métodos: Foram estudados 24 recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso, distribuídos em três grupos com diferentes dietas: Grupo I: leite humano de banco com 5% de aditivo comercial para leite humano com proteína de origem bovina (LHB-AC); Grupo II: leite humano de banco com aditivo de leite humano modificado evaporado (LHB-E); e Grupo III: leite humano de banco com aditivo de leite humano modificado liofilizado (LHB-L). Os recém-nascidos receberam a dieta definida para o grupo quando alcançaram dieta plena por 15 ± 2 dias. A análise do aminoácido plasmático foi feita no primeiro e último dias da dieta. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada por meio do teste ANOVA de uma via, seguido pelo pós-teste de Tukey, utilizando-se o software SPSS (IBM Corp, NY, EUA), versão 20.0, e considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As concentrações plasmáticas do aminoácido fenilalanina na primeira e segunda análises foram, respectivamente, no Grupo I (LHB-AC) 11,9±1,22 e 29,72±0,73; no Grupo II (LHB-E) 11,72±1,04 e 13,44±0,61; e no Grupo III 11,3±1,18 e 15,42±0,83 umol/L. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demonstram que o leite humano com aditivos do próprio leite humano comportou-se como um bom substrato para alimentação do recém-nascido pré-termo, tanto na forma evaporada como liofilizada, sem levar a aumentos significativos na concentração plasmática de fenilalanina em comparação ao leite humano com aditivo comercial. .

Serum phenylalanine in preterm newborns fed different diets of human milk.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate phenylalanine plasma profile in preterm newborns fed different human milk diets. METHODS: Twenty-four very-low weight preterm newborns were distributed randomly in three groups with different feeding types: Group I: banked human milk plus 5% commercial fortifier with bovine protein, Group II: banked human milk plus evaporated fortifier derived from modified human milk, Group III: banked human milk plus lyophilized fortifier derived from modified human milk. The newborns received the group diet when full diet was attained at 15 ± 2 days. Plasma amino acid analysis was performedon the first and last day of feeding. Comparison among groups was performed by statistical tests: one way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test using SPSS software, version 20.0 (IBM Corp, NY, USA), considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Phenylalanine levels in the first and second analysis were, respectively, in Group I: 11.9 ± 1.22 and 29.72 ± 0.73; in Group II: 11.72 ± 1.04 and 13.44 ± 0.61; and in Group III: 11.3 ± 1.18 and 15.42 ± 0.83 µmol/L. CONCLUSION: The observed results demonstrated that human milk with fortifiers derived from human milk acted as a good substratum for preterm infant feeding both in the evaporated or the lyophilized form, without significant increases in plasma phenylalanine levels in comparison to human milk with commercial fortifier.

Enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase in 34 children younger than five years of age with MPS VI.

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a progressive, chronic and multisystem lysosomal storage disease with a wide disease spectrum. Clinical and biochemical improvements have been reported for MPS VI patients on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with rhASB (recombinant human arylsulfatase B; galsulfase, Naglazyme®, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.), making early diagnosis and intervention imperative for optimal patient outcomes. Few studies have included children younger than five years of age. This report describes 34 MPS VI patients that started treatment with galsulfase before five years of age. METHODS: Data from patients who initiated treatment at <5 years of age were collected from patients' medical records. Baseline and follow-up assessments of common symptoms that led to diagnosis and that were used to evaluate disease progression and treatment efficacy were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation was seen with treatment with ERT and urinary GAG levels. Of those with baseline and follow-up growth data, 47% remained on their pre-treatment growth curve or moved to a higher percentile after treatment. Of the 9 patients with baseline and follow-up sleep studies, 5 remained unaffected and 1 patient initially with mild sleep apnea showed improvement. Data regarding cardiac, ophthalmic, central nervous system, hearing, surgical interventions and development are also reported. No patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event and all that were treatment-emergent resolved. CONCLUSIONS: The prescribed dosage of 1mg/kg IV weekly with galsulfase ERT is shown to be safe and effective in slowing and/or improving certain aspects of the disease, although patients should be closely monitored for complications associated with the natural history of the disease, especially cardiac valve involvement and spinal cord compression. A long-term follow-up investigation of this group of children will provide further information on the benefits of early treatment as well as disease progression and treatment efficacy and safety in this young patient population.

Comparação entre suplementos homólogos do leite humano e um suplemento comercial para recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso / Comparison between homologous human milk supplements and a commercial supplement for very low birth weight infants

OBJETIVOS: Descrever a metodologia de preparo de dois aditivos, líquido e em pó, derivados do leite humano e comparar a constituição com aditivo comercial FM85®. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 40 amostras de leite humano para o preparo dos suplementos líquido e em pó. Ambos passaram por três fases de preparo: desnate, evaporação e retirada da lactose. Após essas fases, o suplemento líquido está pronto, e o em pó necessita da quarta fase - a liofilização. Em cada amostra dos suplementos líquido e em pó, foram adicionados, respectivamente, 80 mL (grupo I) e 100 mL (grupo II) de pool de leite humano de banco. Para comparação, 20 amostras de 100 mL do pool foram acrescidas de 5 g do suplemento FM85® (Nestlé) (grupo III). Realizaram-se análises de hidratos de carbono, proteína, lipídios, cálcio, fósforo, sódio, osmolalidade e conteúdo calórico, considerando diferença significativa p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos I, II e III mostraram, respectivamente, os seguintes resultados: proteínas = 1,81, 2,38 e 1,96 g/dL (p < 0,001); hidratos de carbono = 6,70, 7,25 e 10,06 g/dL (p = 0,006); gordura = 3,75, 3,75 e 3,73 g/dL (p = 0,96); cálcio = 36,92, 44,75 e 79,37 mg/dL (p = 0,001); fósforo = 20,02, 23,28 e 56,30 mg/dL (p = 0,02); sódio = 14,32, 14,40 e 20,33 mEq/L (p = 0,143); osmolalidade = 391,45, 412,47 e 431, 00 mOsmol/kgH2O (p = 0,074); e conteúdo calórico = 67,78, 72,27 e 81,65 kcal (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os aditivos estudados diferem significativamente do aditivo comercial FM85® em alguns de seus constituintes, e a sua constituição pode ou não atender às quantidades de nutrientes propostas pelas recomendações mais recentes.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the methodology for the preparation of two additives derived from human milk, liquid and powdered, and to compare this composition with the commercial additive FM85®. METHODS: For the preparation of the liquid and powdered supplements, 40 samples of human milk were used. Both supplements have been through three preparation phases: skimming, evaporation and lactose removal. After these phases, the liquid supplement is ready, and the powdered requires a fourth phase - lyophilization. To each sample of the liquid and powdered supplements were added, respectively, 80 mL (group I) and 100 mL (group II) of pooled banked human milk. For comparison, 20 samples of 100 mL of the pool were added to 5 g of the FM85® supplement (Nestlé) (group III). Analyses of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, osmolality and caloric content were performed, considering a significant difference p < 0.05. RESULTS: Groups I, II, and III showed, respectively, the following results: protein = 1.81, 2.38 and 1.96 g/dL (p < 0.001); carbohydrates = 6.70, 7.25 and 10.06 g/dL (p = 0.006); fat = 3.75, 3.75 and 3.73 g/dL (p = 0.96); calcium = 36.92, 44.75 and 79.37 mg/dL (p = 0.001); phosphorus = 20.02, 23.28 and 56.30 mg/dL (p = 0.02); sodium = 14.32, 14.40 and 20.33 mEq/L (p = 0.143); osmolality = 391.45, 412.47 and 431.00 mOsmol/kgH2O (p = 0.074); and caloric content = 67.78, 72.27 and 81.65 kcal (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The studied additives differ significantly from the commercial additive FM85® in some of its components, and its composition may or may not meet the quantity of nutrients suggested by the most recent recommendations.

Comparison between homologous human milk supplements and a commercial supplement for very low birth weight infants.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the methodology for the preparation of two additives derived from human milk, liquid and powdered, and to compare this composition with the commercial additive FM85®. METHODS: For the preparation of the liquid and powdered supplements, 40 samples of human milk were used. Both supplements have been through three preparation phases: skimming, evaporation and lactose removal. After these phases, the liquid supplement is ready, and the powdered requires a fourth phase - lyophilization. To each sample of the liquid and powdered supplements were added, respectively, 80 mL (group I) and 100 mL (group II) of pooled banked human milk. For comparison, 20 samples of 100 mL of the pool were added to 5 g of the FM85® supplement (Nestlé) (group III). Analyses of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, osmolality and caloric content were performed, considering a significant difference p < 0.05. RESULTS: Groups I, II, and III showed, respectively, the following results: protein = 1.81, 2.38 and 1.96 g/dL (p < 0.001); carbohydrates = 6.70, 7.25 and 10.06 g/dL (p = 0.006); fat = 3.75, 3.75 and 3.73 g/dL (p = 0.96); calcium = 36.92, 44.75 and 79.37 mg/dL (p = 0.001); phosphorus = 20.02, 23.28 and 56.30 mg/dL (p = 0.02); sodium = 14.32, 14.40 and 20.33 mEq/L (p = 0.143); osmolality = 391.45, 412.47 and 431.00 mOsmol/kgH(2)O (p = 0.074); and caloric content = 67.78, 72.27 and 81.65 kcal (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The studied additives differ significantly from the commercial additive FM85® in some of its components, and its composition may or may not meet the quantity of nutrients suggested by the most recent recommendations.

[Neonatal candidemia in a public hospital in Mato Grosso do Sul]. / Candidemia neonatal, em hospital público do Mato Grosso do Sul.

The aim of our study was to perform molecular typing on 25 clinical samples of Candida spp that were isolated from children with candidemia who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital between 1998 and 2006. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical records to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Yeast identification was done using conventional methods and susceptibility to antifungals was assessed using a microdilution method. The genetic profile was determined using the RAPD-PCR technique. Candida albicans (11; 44%) and Candida parapsilosis (10; 40%) were the species most frequently isolated. Seventeen (68%) of the newborns weighed less than 1,500 g. Prematurity (92%) and use of a central venous catheter (100%) were the risk conditions with greatest association. Nineteen patients (76%) died. Only one strain of Candida parapsilosis showed dose-dependent sensitivity to fluconazole. Molecular analysis showed 11 distinct genetic patterns. An epidemiological relationship was seen in only two cases, thus suggesting the same source of infection.

Candidemia neonatal, em hospital público do Mato Grosso do Sul / Neonatal candidemia in a public hospital in Mato Grosso do Sul

O objetivo de nosso estudo foi realizar tipagem molecular de 25 amostras clínicas de Candida spp, isoladas de crianças com candidemia, internadas na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de um Hospital Universitário entre 1998 a 2006. Dados demográficos e clínicos foram obtidos de prontuários para conhecimento dos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Identificação das leveduras foi feita por método convencional e a susceptibilidade antifúngica por método de microdiluição. O perfil genético foi determinado pela técnica de RAPD-PCR. Candida albicans (11; 44 por cento) e Candida parapsilosis (10; 40 por cento) foram as mais isoladas. Dezessete (68 por cento) dos recém-nascidos tinham peso inferior a 1.500g. Prematuridade (92 por cento), uso de cateter venoso central (100 por cento), foram as condições de risco mais associados. Dezenove (76 por cento) pacientes foram a óbito. Apenas uma cepa de Candida parapsilosis, mostrou ser sensível dose dependente ao fluconazol. Na análise molecular, foram observados 11 padrões genéticos distintos. Somente em dois casos foi observada relação epidemiológica, sugerindo mesma fonte de infecção.

The aim of our study was to perform molecular typing on 25 clinical samples of Candida spp that were isolated from children with candidemia who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital between 1998 and 2006. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical records to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Yeast identification was done using conventional methods and susceptibility to antifungals was assessed using a microdilution method. The genetic profile was determined using the RAPD-PCR technique. Candida albicans (11; 44 percent) and Candida parapsilosis (10; 40 percent) were the species most frequently isolated. Seventeen (68 percent) of the newborns weighed less than 1,500g. Prematurity (92 percent) and use of a central venous catheter (100 percent) were the risk conditions with greatest association. Nineteen patients (76 percent) died. Only one strain of Candida parapsilosis showed dose-dependent sensitivity to fluconazole. Molecular analysis showed 11 distinct genetic patterns. An epidemiological relationship was seen in only two cases, thus suggesting the same source of infection.

Effect of evaporation and pasteurization in the biochemical and immunological composition of human milk.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of evaporation and pasteurization of human milk on its biochemical and immunological composition and on its osmolarity. METHODS: The samples of mature human milk were categorized into four study groups: in natura human milk, pasteurized human milk, human milk evaporated at 70% of the baseline volume and human milk pasteurized and evaporated at 70%, with 12 different samples of milk in each group. The samples were used to determine the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein, fat, lactose, immunoglobulin A and osmolarity. RESULTS: The pasteurization of human milk did not show statistically significant changes in the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein, fat, lactose, or in osmolarity; however, it showed remarkable reduction in the mean concentration of immunoglobulin A. Evaporation had a mean increase of 38% in the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein, fat and lactose and mean reduction of 45% in the concentration of immunoglobulin A, without significant change in osmolarity in unprocessed milk. CONCLUSION: By evaporation at 70% of the baseline value of human milk, it is possible to obtain human milk that meets the nutritional requirements recommended for preterm infants, except for calcium and phosphorus.

Effect of evaporation and pasteurization in the biochemical and immunological composition of human milk

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da evaporação e da pasteurização do leite humano na sua composição bioquímica e imunológica e em sua osmolaridade. MÉTODOS: As amostras de leite humano maduro foram divididas em quatro grupos de estudo: leite humano in natura, leite humano pasteurizado, leite humano evaporado a 70 por cento do volume inicial e leite humano pasteurizado e evaporado a 70 por cento, com 12 diferentes amostras de leite em cada grupo. Das amostras dos grupos, foram dosadas as concentrações de sódio, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, proteína, gordura, lactose, imunoglobulina A e osmolaridade. RESULTADOS: A pasteurização do leite humano não mostrou alterações estatisticamente significantes na concentração dos elementos sódio, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, proteína, gordura, lactose, nem na osmolaridade; no entanto, mostrou redução significante na concentração média de imunoglobulina A. A evaporação mostrou aumento estatisticamente significativo de 38 por cento em média na concentração dos elementos sódio, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, proteína, gordura e lactose e redução média de 45 por cento na concentração da imunoglobulina A, sem alteração significativa da osmolaridade em relação ao leite sem processamento. CONCLUSÃO: Através da evaporação a 70 por cento do volume inicial do leite humano, pode ser obtido leite humano com condições de satisfazer as necessidades nutricionais preconizadas para o recém-nascido pré-termo, com exceção do cálcio e do fósforo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of evaporation and pasteurization of human milk on its biochemical and immunological composition and on its osmolarity. METHODS: The samples of mature human milk were categorized into four study groups: in natura human milk, pasteurized human milk, human milk evaporated at 70 percent of the baseline volume and human milk pasteurized and evaporated at 70 percent, with 12 different samples of milk in each group. The samples were used to determine the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein, fat, lactose, immunoglobulin A and osmolarity. RESULTS: The pasteurization of human milk did not show statistically significant changes in the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein, fat, lactose, or in osmolarity; however, it showed remarkable reduction in the mean concentration of immunoglobulin A. Evaporation had a mean increase of 38 percent in the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein, fat and lactose and mean reduction of 45 percent in the concentration of immunoglobulin A, without significant change in osmolarity in unprocessed milk. CONCLUSION: By evaporation at 70 percent of the baseline value of human milk, it is possible to obtain human milk that meets the nutritional requirements recommended for preterm infants, except for calcium and phosphorus.

Avaliação da função pulmonar de recám-nascidos com síndrome do desconforto respiratório em diferentes pressões finais expiratórias positivas / Assesment of Pulmonary function of preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome at different positive end expiratory pressure levels

Objetivos: verificar as alterações da função pulmonar: complacência dinâmica (Cdyn), volume corrente inspiratório (V Tinsp), pressão arterial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2)' em recém-nasciâos pré-termo com síndrome do desconforto respiratório. Pacientes e métodos: estudo de caso controle, incluindo 11 pré-termos com idade gestacional < 35 semanas, e com peso de nascimento <2.500 gramas, todos com diagnóstico de sindrome do desconforto respiratório, tratados com 120 mg/kg de surfactante porcino. A PEEPinicial foi de 3cm H20. Para a avaliação da função pulmonar, foi utilizado um pneumotacógrafo com monitor gráfico. Após cada aumento da PEEP (4 e 6 cm de H20), aguardava-se 20 minutos para se aferir os dados da função pulmonar e gases arteriais.Resultados: dos 11 pacientes estudados com síndrome do desconforto respiratório, três eram do sexo masculino e oito do sexo feminino (1:2,7). A idade gestacional foi de 30,78 2,05 semanas, com umavariação de 26 a 34 semanas. O aumento da PEEP de 3 para 6cm de H20 ocasionou queda significativa do V Tinsp(6,46 3,43) para 4,20 2,35, p = 0,0262). Com o aumento da PEEP de 4 para 6 cmH20,também ocorreu queda do VTinsp (5,98 3,33 para 4,20 2,35, p=0,0044). Em relação à Cdyn, quando o aumento da PEEP foi de 3 para 6cm de H20, a diminuição foi estatisticamente significante (0,58 0,27 para 0,46 0,25, p = 0,0408), e quando foi de 4 para 6cm de H20, a diminuição da Cdyn também foi importante (0, 77 0,27 para 0,46 0,25, p= 0,0164). Aumentos da PEEP de 4 para 6cm de H20 provocaram aumentos nas PaCO2 (52,81 15,49 para 64,90 12,69, p = 0,0141). Um aumento mais acentuado foi observado quando a PEEP foi aumentada de 3 para 6cm de H20 (41,45 7,87 para 64,90 12,69, p = 0,0033). Conclusões: o estudo evidenciou que PEEP de 3 e 4 cmH20 produzem melhores resultados em termos de Cdyn e menores efeitos colaterais em termos de acidose respiratória e hiperinsuflação pulmonar, com diminuição da ventilação alveolar, evidenciados pelo aumento da PaCO2 e diminuição do V Tinsp

Inalação contínua com fenoterol na criança com asma aguda grave: efeitos clínicos imediatos / Continuos fenoterol inhalation by children with severe acute asthma: immediate clinical effects

Objetivos: avaliar as alterações da freqüência cardiaca, da pressão arterial, do psiquismo e da saturação arterial de oxigênio, após a inalação continua com fenoterol, na criança com asma aguda grave. Casuística e métodos: foram estudados 30 pacientes com asma aguda grave, atendidos no PAM-Pediatria do Hospital Universitário-UFMS. Os pacientes receberam inalação continua durante uma hora, com 0,5 mg/kg (2 gotas/kg) de fenoterol. O psiquismo, a saturação arterial de oxigênio, a freqüência cardiaca e a pressãoarterial foram avaliados antes, imediatamente após, e uma hora após a inalação com fenoterol. Resultados: 17 crianças eram do sexo masculino (56,6por cento), e 13do sexo feminino (43,4Ýpor cento). Foi observado sonolência em 16 (53,3por cento),agitação psicomotora em 1 (3,3por cento), náusea e vômito em 12 pacientes (40por cento). A média da saturação arterial de oxigênio aumentou de 90,9 2,8por cento para 92,7 2,5por cento (p<0,05) após a inalação. Houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo da média da freqüência cardiaca do início da inalação ao término da mesma (139,5 13,5 bpm, 166,5 1,lbpm, respectivamente) p<0,05. A média da pressão arterial era de 117,56 10,3 /74,6 7 mmHg antes da inalação, e ocorreu diminuição ao final da inalação, atingindo valores médios de 107,6 11/63,6 9,3 mmHg (p<0,05).Conclusões: a inalação continua com fenoterol na dose de 0,5mg/kg, na criança com asma aguda grave, desencadeou sonolência, náusea, vômitos, taquicardia e diminuição da pressão arterial. Os autores sugerem que esta modalidade de tratamento seja realizada com monitorização clinica, em ambiente hospitalar...

[Assessment of pulmonary function of preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome at different positive end expiratory pressure levels]. / Avaliação da função pulmonar de recém-nascidos com síndrome do desconforto respiratório em diferentes pressões finais expiratórias positivas.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the alterations of pulmonary function in preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The parameters analyzed were Dynamic Compliance (Cdyn), Inspiratory Tidal Volume (TVinsp), partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). METHODS: Eleven preterm newborn infants, with gestational age <35 weeks, and birth weight <2,500 g, were include in a control case study. All infants presented RDS and were treated with 120 mg/Kg of porcine surfactant. The initial positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 3 cm H2O. A pneumotachograph with a graphical monitor was used to assess the pulmonary function. After each increase in the PEEP (4 and 6 cm H2O), there was an interval of 20 minutes before measuring the arterial data of pulmonary function and arterial gases. RESULTS: There were three males and eight females (1:2.7) among the infants with RDS. The mean gestational age was 30.78. +/- 2.05 weeks, ranging from 26 to 34 weeks. The increase in the PEEP from 3 to 6 cm H2O caused significant decrease in the TVinsp (6.46 +/- 3.43 to 4.20 +/- 2.35, P=0.0262). With the increase in the PEEP from 4 to 6 cm H2O, there was also a decrease in the TVinsp (5.98 +/- 3.33 to 4.20 +/- 2.35), (P=0.0044). Regarding the Cdyn, when there was an increase in the PEEP from 3 to 6 cm H2O, the reduction was statistically significant (0.58 +/- 0.27 to 0.46 +/- 0.25, P=0.0408) and from 4 to 6 cm H2O, the reduction in the Cdyn was also important (0.77 +/- 0.27 to 0.46 +/- 0.25), (P=0.0164). Increases in the PEEP from 4 to 6 cm H2O caused increases in the PaCO2 (52.81 +/- 15.49 to 64.90 +/- 12.69), (P= 0.0141). A more significant increase was observed when the PEEP was elevated from 3 to 6 cm H2O (41.45 +/- 7.87 to 64.90 +/- 12.69, P=0.0033). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the PEEP from 3 to 4 cm H2O produces better results in terms of Cdyn and less collateral effects regarding respiratory acidosis and pulmonary hyperventilation with impairment of the alveolar ventilation, evidenced by the increase in the PaCO2 and the decrease in the TVinsp.

[Continuous fenoterol inhalation by children with severe acute asthma: immediate clinical effects]. / Inalação contínua com fenoterol na criança com asma aguda grave: efeitos clínicos imediatos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the alterations of heart rate, blood pressure, psychological aspects and oxygen saturation after continuous fenoterol inhalation (0.5 mg/Kg) by children with severe acute asthma. METHODS: We studied 30 patients with severe acute asthma who were treated at the pediatric ward of Hospital Universitário-UFMS. The patients inhaled 0.5 mg/Kg of fenoterol (two drops/Kg) during one hour. Psychological aspects, oxygen arterial saturation, heart rate and blood pressure were evaluated at three different moments: before, after and one hour after the fenoterol inhalation. RESULTS: There were 17 males (56.6%) and 13 females (43.4%). Sleepiness was observed in 16 (53.3%), psychomotor agitation in one (33%) and nausea and vomiting in 12 patients (40%). The average of oxygen arterial saturation increased from 90.9 +/- 2.8% to 92.7 +/- 2.5% (P<0.05) after inhalation. There was statistically significant increase in the average heart rate before and after inhalation (139.5 +/- 13.5 beats/min, 166.5 +/- 11.1 beats/min, respectively), P<0.05. A significant decrease in blood pressure rate was observed from 117.56 +/- 10.3 / 74.6 +/- 7 mmHg, to 107.6 +/- 11 / 63.6 +/- 9.3 mmHg (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous fenoterol (0.5 mg/Kg) inhalation by children with severe acute asthma caused sleepiness, nausea, vomits, palpitation and decrease in blood pressure rate. The authors suggest that patients submitted to this treatment need clinical monitorship at hospital settings. Children with concomitant diseases such as diarrhea, vomits, and dehydration require special attention.

Miosite ossificante progressiva: uma perspectiva no controle da doença / A perspective on the control of myositis ossificans progressiva

Objetivo: relatar quatro casos de miosite ossificante progressiva, forma de apresentação da doença e novas medidas de controle e tratamento. Descrição: os autores descrevem quatro casos de miosite osssificante progressiva. Apresentam as manifestações clínicas e evolução da doença e as formas de controle e tratamento disponíveis. Nos quatro casos são descritas as principais anomalias congênitas associadas: Halux valgo, clinodactilia, polegares curtos, osteófitos e sindactilia. Descrevem-se a evolução e a resposta terapêutica de melhora clínica ao uso oral de ácido ascórbico e bifosfonado nos pacientes 1 e 4; entretanto, o paciente 1 obteve uma melhor resposta após receber bifosfonado endovenoso. Os pacientes 2 e 3 melhoraram clinicamente tomando apenas ácido ascórbico oral. Comentários: o ácido ascórbico diminui a dor e melhora o psiquismo do paciente com miosite ossificante progressiva. Bifosfonado endovenoso é uma alternativa no paciente com piora importante, principalmente com limitação de deambulação. A orientação para se evitar trauma repetitivo nos pacientes com miosite ossificante progressiva é importante