Complicaciones postoperatorias y supervivencia del cáncer de esófago: análisis de dos periodos distintos / Postoperative complications and survival rate of esophageal cancer: Two-period analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago requiere un enfoque multidisciplinar en el que la esofaguectomía sigue siendo su pilar básico. El objetivo del estudio es analizar si el tratamiento multimodal y la introducción de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas menos invasivas ha supuesto una disminución de las complicaciones de la esofaguectomía y una mayor supervivencia del cáncer de esófago. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 318 pacientes con cáncer de esófago que incluyen 81 esofaguectomías. Se comparan los periodos 2000-2007 y 2008-2015 y se analizan los factores pronósticos que pueden influir en las complicaciones y supervivencia. RESULTADOS: Las complicaciones postoperatorias mayores según la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo fueron globalmente 35%, mostrando una disminución entre el 1.° y 2.° periodo: 41% de morbilidad vs. 30%, 27% de mortalidad vs. 9% (p < 0,001) y 13,5% de fístulas vs. 7%. La incorporación de la esofaguectomía toracoscópica con 19% de complicaciones y 5% de mortalidad y la anastomosis mecánica triangularizada con 5% de fístulas y 9% de estenosis contribuyeron a estos resultados. La supervivencia global a los 5 años fue del 19%, con una mejoría significativa entre el 1.° y 2.° periodo: 11 vs. 28% (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La valoración multidisciplinar de los pacientes, con una mejor selección e indicación del tratamiento multimodal, y la introducción de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas menos invasivas y más depuradas, como la toracoscopia y la anastomosis mecánica triangularizada, se ha traducido en una disminución de la morbimortalidad de las esofaguectomías y en un aumento significativo de la supervivencia de los pacientes con CE

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, treatment of esophageal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, in which esophagectomy remains the mainstay. The aim of this report is to assess whether multimodal treatment and minimally invasive surgery have led to a lower morbidity rate and an improvement in survival rates. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 318 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer including 81 esophagectomies. The periods of 2000-2007 and 2008-2015 were compared, analyzing the prognostic factors that may have an impact in morbidity and survival rate. RESULTS: Major postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification accounted for 35%, showing a decrease between the 1.st and 2.nd period: 41% morbidity vs. 30%, 27% mortality vs. 9% (p < .001) and 13.5% fistulas vs. 7%. The implementation of thoracoscopic esophagectomy contributed to the outcome improvement, as shown by 19% morbidity and 5% mortality rates, with triangularized mechanical anastomosis showing 9% fistula and 5% stenosis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 19%, with a significant increase from 11% in the 1.st period to 28% in the 2.nd (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary assessment of patients with esophageal cancer, as well as better selection and indication of treatment and the introduction of new minimally invasive techniques (thoracoscopy and triangularized mechanical anastomosis), have improved the morbidity and mortality rates of esophagectomies, resulting in increased survival rates of these patients

Postoperative complications and survival rate of esophageal cancer: Two-period analysis. / Complicaciones postoperatorias y supervivencia del cáncer de esófago: análisis de dos periodos distintos.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, treatment of esophageal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, in which esophagectomy remains the mainstay. The aim of this report is to assess whether multimodal treatment and minimally invasive surgery have led to a lower morbidity rate and an improvement in survival rates. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 318 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer including 81 esophagectomies. The periods of 2000-2007 and 2008-2015 were compared, analyzing the prognostic factors that may have an impact in morbidity and survival rate. RESULTS: Major postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification accounted for 35%, showing a decrease between the 1.st and 2.nd period: 41% morbidity vs. 30%, 27% mortality vs. 9% (p < .001) and 13.5% fistulas vs. 7%. The implementation of thoracoscopic esophagectomy contributed to the outcome improvement, as shown by 19% morbidity and 5% mortality rates, with triangularized mechanical anastomosis showing 9% fistula and 5% stenosis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 19%, with a significant increase from 11% in the 1.st period to 28% in the 2.nd (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary assessment of patients with esophageal cancer, as well as better selection and indication of treatment and the introduction of new minimally invasive techniques (thoracoscopy and triangularized mechanical anastomosis), have improved the morbidity and mortality rates of esophagectomies, resulting in increased survival rates of these patients.

Evolución en cirugía bariátrica: del abordaje abierto al bypass biliopancreático con preservación gástrica por vía laparoscópica. Doce años de experiencia / Advances in bariatric surgery: from the open approach to the biliopancreatic bypass with laparoscopic gastric preservation. Twelve years of experience

Introducción: Análisis de los resultados en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida tras 12 años de experiencia. Material y métodos Estudio restrospectivo de los pacientes intervenidos por obesidad mórbida desde julio de 1998 hasta abril de 2010. Inicialmente realizamos técnicas abiertas y desde enero de 2005 bypass biliopancreático con preservación gástrica por vía laparoscópica. Resultados Se ha intervenido a 165 pacientes: 65 con abordaje abierto (bypass gástrico y Scopinaro) y 100 laparoscópico. Edad media: 40 años, mujeres: 74%, IMC medio: 48,6±6kg/m2. Superobesos 35%. Estancia media: 7 días. Morbilidad 43 (26%) pacientes. Reintervenciones en postoperatorio inmediato: 7 pacientes. Mortalidad 2 pacientes. Seguimiento del 99,4% durante un periodo mediano de 46 meses (de 1 a 141). En 17 pacientes hubo complicaciones de la gastroyeyunostomía. Siete pacientes se reintervinieron por hernias transmesentéricas. La tasa de sobrepeso perdido fue del 67% (IC95%: 65-72%), 68% (IC95%: 65-72%) y 68% (IC95%: 63-73%) a 12, 36 y 60 meses, respectivamente. La tasa de exceso de IMC perdido fue del 73% (IC95%: 70-76%), 74% (IC95%: 70-79%) y 74% (IC95%: 68-69%) a los 12, 36 y 60 meses, respectivamente. Comparando ambos abordajes, hubo más complicaciones postoperatorias, mayores estancias hospitalarias y más eventraciones en el abordaje abierto y no se han encontrado diferencias significativas en el resto de parámetros analizados. Conclusión Nuestros resultados a largo plazo están dentro de los clasificados como excelentes, con una morbilidad y una mortalidad aceptables. Hemos observado que el abordaje laparoscópico ha supuesto un gran avance debido a una menor agresión quirúrgica, manteniendo una pérdida de peso excelente (AU)

Introduction: An analysis is presented of the results in the treatment of morbid obesity after12 years experience. Material and methods: A retrospective study of patients subjected to surgery for morbidobesity from July 1998 to April 2010. Open techniques were initially used, and from January2005 using biliopancreatic bypass with gastric diversion by a laparoscopic approach. Results: A total of 165 patients have been subjected to surgery, 65 with open surgery (gastricbypass and Scopinaro), and 100 laparoscopic. The mean age was 40 years, with 74% females. The mean BMI was 48.6 6 kg/m2, with 35% super-obese. The mean hospital stay was7 days, with a morbidity of 26% (43 patients). Seven patients required further surgery, and2 patients died. There was 99.4% follow-up during a median period of 46 months (1 to 141).There were complications of the gastro-jejunostomy in 17 patients. Seven patients required further surgery due to transmesenteric hernias. The rate of overweight lost was 67% (95% CI:65-72%), 68% (95% CI: 65-72%) and 68% (95% CI: 63-73%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The rate of excess BMI lost was 73% (95% CI: 70-76%), 74% (95% CI: 70-79%) and 74% (95% CI:68-69%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. Comparing both approaches, there were more post-operative complications, longer hospital stays, and more incisional hernias in the open approach, with no significant differences found in the rest of the parameters analysed. Conclusion: Our long-term results are within those classified as excellent, with acceptable morbidity and mortality. A great advance has been observed in the laparoscopic approach due to the less aggressive surgery, and maintaining an excellent weight loss (AU)

Fijación del material protésico en la hernioplastia inguinal abierta: sutura vs. cola sintética / Prosthetic material fixation in open inguinal hernioplasty: suture vs. synthetic glue

Introducción: El empleo de colas sintéticas se ha convertido en práctica habitual en varios campos quirúrgicos. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los resultados del pegamento y de la sutura convencional a corto y a medio plazo en la fijación de las prótesis en la hernioplastia inguinal abierta con técnica de tapón y parche. Materiales y métodos Estudio prospectivo comparativo incluyendo 198 pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia inguinal no recidivada intervenidos a cielo abierto y asignados de manera aleatoria a fijación de las mallas con pegamento de cianoacrilato (n=101) o con sutura (n=98). Se analizaron las características demográficas, las complicaciones a corto plazo, la estancia postoperatoria, la baja laboral, la recidiva herniaria y la neuralgia inguinal crónica. Resultados La morbilidad global ha sido del 13,9% en el grupo del pegamento y del 30,9% en el grupo de sutura. No observamos reacciones inflamatorias ni casos de migración de la prótesis. La estancia postoperatoria ha sido de 14,7h en el caso de fijación con pegamento y de 19,1h en el caso de suturas (p<0,0001). No encontramos diferencia entre los 2 grupos en cuanto a días de baja laboral. La morbilidad a corto plazo fue superior en el caso de fijación con sutura (19,6 vs. 10,9%). Al año, se observó una recidiva en el grupo de sutura (1%) y ninguna en el grupo del pegamento. No obstante, la tasa de neuralgia crónica de intensidad moderada/severa fue de 2,9% en el grupo de pegamento y de 10,3% en el grupo de sutura (p=0,03) (AU)

Introduction: The use of synthetic glues has become normal practice in several surgicalfields. The objective of this study is to compare the short and medium term results of glue and conventional suture in the fixation of the prosthesis in open inguinal hernia repair with a plug and patch technique. Materials and methods: A comparative prospective study was conducted on 198 patients with a diagnosis of a non-recurrent inguinal hernia subjected to open surgery and randomly assigned to mesh fixation with cyanoacrylate glue (n = 101) or with suture (n = 98). The demographic characteristics, short-term complications, hospital stay, time off work, herniarecurrence, and chronic inguinal neuralgia, were analysed. Results: The overall morbidity was 13.9% in the glue group, and 30.9% in the suture group. No undue inflammatory reactions ormeshmigration were observed in the group. The postoperative stay was 14.7 h for the glue group, and 19.1 h in the suture group (P < .0001). No differences were found regarding days off work. The short-term morbidity was higher in the suture group (19.6% vs. 10.9%). After one year, there was one recurrence in the suture group (1%), and none in the glue group. However, the incidence of moderate/severe intensity chronic neuralgia was 2.9% in the glue group, and 10.3% in the suture group(P = .03).Conclusion: The use of cyanoacrylate is safe and effective in open inguinal hernia repair, with good results in the short and medium term (AU)

[Advances in bariatric surgery: from the open approach to the biliopancreatic bypass with laparoscopic gastric preservation. Twelve years of experience]. / Evolución en cirugía bariátrica: del abordaje abierto al bypass biliopancreático con preservación gástrica por vía laparoscópica. Doce años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: An analysis is presented of the results in the treatment of morbid obesity after 12 years experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of patients subjected to surgery for morbid obesity from July 1998 to April 2010. Open techniques were initially used, and from January 2005 using biliopancreatic bypass with gastric diversion by a laparoscopic approach. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients have been subjected to surgery, 65 with open surgery (gastric bypass and Scopinaro), and 100 laparoscopic. The mean age was 40 years, with 74% females. The mean BMI was 48.6±6 kg/m(2), with 35% super-obese. The mean hospital stay was 7 days, with a morbidity of 26% (43 patients). Seven patients required further surgery, and 2 patients died. There was 99.4% follow-up during a median period of 46 months (1 to 141). There were complications of the gastro-jejunostomy in 17 patients. Seven patients required further surgery due to transmesenteric hernias. The rate of overweight lost was 67% (95% CI: 65-72%), 68% (95% CI: 65-72%) and 68% (95% CI: 63-73%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The rate of excess BMI lost was 73% (95% CI: 70-76%), 74% (95% CI: 70-79%) and 74% (95% CI: 68-69%) at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. Comparing both approaches, there were more post-operative complications, longer hospital stays, and more incisional hernias in the open approach, with no significant differences found in the rest of the parameters analysed. CONCLUSION: Our long-term results are within those classified as excellent, with acceptable morbidity and mortality. A great advance has been observed in the laparoscopic approach due to the less aggressive surgery, and maintaining an excellent weight loss.

[Prosthetic material fixation in open inguinal hernioplasty: suture vs. synthetic glue]. / Fijación del material protésico en la hernioplastia inguinal abierta: sutura vs. cola sintética.

INTRODUCTION: The use of synthetic glues has become normal practice in several surgical fields. The objective of this study is to compare the short and medium term results of glue and conventional suture in the fixation of the prosthesis in open inguinal hernia repair with a plug and patch technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative prospective study was conducted on 198 patients with a diagnosis of a non-recurrent inguinal hernia subjected to open surgery and randomly assigned to mesh fixation with cyanoacrylate glue (n=101) or with suture (n=98). The demographic characteristics, short-term complications, hospital stay, time off work, hernia recurrence, and chronic inguinal neuralgia, were analysed. RESULTS: The overall morbidity was 13.9% in the glue group, and 30.9% in the suture group. No undue inflammatory reactions or mesh migration were observed in the group. The post-operative stay was 14.7h for the glue group, and 19.1h in the suture group (P<.0001). No differences were found regarding days off work. The short-term morbidity was higher in the suture group (19.6% vs. 10.9%). After one year, there was one recurrence in the suture group (1%), and none in the glue group. However, the incidence of moderate/severe intensity chronic neuralgia was 2.9% in the glue group, and 10.3% in the suture group (P=.03). CONCLUSION: The use of cyanoacrylate is safe and effective in open inguinal hernia repair, with good results in the short and medium term.