Effects of Voice Pitch on Social Perceptions Vary With Relational Mobility and Homicide Rate.

Fundamental frequency ( fo) is the most perceptually salient vocal acoustic parameter, yet little is known about how its perceptual influence varies across societies. We examined how fo affects key social perceptions and how socioecological variables modulate these effects in 2,647 adult listeners sampled from 44 locations across 22 nations. Low male fo increased men's perceptions of formidability and prestige, especially in societies with higher homicide rates and greater relational mobility in which male intrasexual competition may be more intense and rapid identification of high-status competitors may be exigent. High female fo increased women's perceptions of flirtatiousness where relational mobility was lower and threats to mating relationships may be greater. These results indicate that the influence of fo on social perceptions depends on socioecological variables, including those related to competition for status and mates.

Anomie, irritation, and happiness in the Chilean society post-social outbreak.

On 18 October 2019, the Chilean people witnessed an unprecedented social outbreak across most of their country. We argue that a state of anomie is a factor associated with the weakening of states, and an anomic state might negatively influence people's well-being through an increased feeling of irritation. Convenience recruitment via social networks allowed us to form a sample of 194 Chilean participants from the center-south region of the country (M = 36.53 years old, SD = 17.48; 56.7% women). All participants completed testing instruments to measure anomie, irritation, happiness, and political beliefs. Descriptive scores suggest situating Chile in the quadrant of high anomie. Two mediation analyses were conducted. The main results showed a negative indirect effect of the breakdown of the social fabric and leadership on happiness through irritation, although the findings for the former dimension were more robust. Additionally, the breakdown of the social fabric was positively related to the belief that left and right-wing democratic governments are helpless when it comes to fighting delinquency. The breakdown of leadership, on the other hand, was negatively related to political interest. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the sample type and the construction validity of some instruments.

The evolutionary psychology of climate change behaviors: Insights and applications.

We examine climate-related activities through an evolutionary psychology lens, zooming in on factors that motivate or discourage people to behave sustainably to mitigate climate change. Complementing current knowledge, we discuss five core ancestral psychological motivations that shape people's environmental decisions in fundamental ways. We review recent studies that explore how evolved psychological mechanisms related to self-interest, status, sensing, discounting tendencies, and social imitation can be used to promote proenvironmental behavior. We discuss the potential strengths and limitations of evolutionary-based behavioral interventions and briefly reflect on outstanding research questions that can further the integration of evolutionary approaches into mainstream environmental psychology.

Effects of frailty status on happiness and life satisfaction: The mediating role of self-perceived health / Efectos del estado de fragilidad en la felicidad y la satisfacción con la vida: el papel mediador de la salud autopercibida

Abstract During the past decade, the frail syndrome has acquired great importance due to its detrimental social and psychological consequences. In the present study, we investigate the association between frailty status and well-being (happiness and life satisfaction) among older adults, and we test the role of self-perceived health as potential mediator in such relations. We recruited 1205 older Chilean adults who responded to measures about their objective health status (frailtyrelated indicators), well-being, and self-perceived health. Overall, path analyses showed that frailty status is negatively associated to life satisfaction and happiness, and that self-perceived health works as a mediator for such relations. The social and psychological consequences of the frail syndrome in older adults are discussed.

Resumen: Durante la última década, el síndrome de fragilidad ha adquirido gran importancia debido a sus consecuencias sociales y psicológicas perjudiciales. En el presente estudio, investigamos la asociación entre el estado de fragilidad y el bienestar (felicidad y satisfacción con la vida) en los adultos mayores, y evaluamos el papel de la salud autopercibida como potencial mediador de dichas relaciones. Reclutamos a 1205 adultos mayores chilenos que respondieron preguntas acerca de su estado de salud objetivo (indicadores relacionados con el estado de fragilidad), bienestar y autopercepción de salud. En términos generales, los análisis mostraron que el estado de fragilidad se asocia negativamente con la satisfacción vital y la felicidad, y que la salud autopercibida tiene un papel mediador en tales relaciones. Se discuten las consecuencias sociales y psicológicas del síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores.

Escala de felicidad para adultos (EFPA) / Happines scale for adults (EFPA)

Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponibles son de raíz inglesa. Felicidad es un concepto no consensuado aún, típicamente medido como unidimensional, mediante pocos ítems directos, y generalmente sin especificarse qué lo constituye. En el Estudio 1 y basados en un concepto pentadimensional y emic de felicidad, fue construida una escala de 100 ítem para medirla en adultos chilenos. Aplicada a diferentes muestras (n=68; n=277) y mediante análisis factorial exploratorio fue depurada, dando origen a la Escala de Felicidad Para Adultos (EFPA) con 21 ítem de buena confiabilidad y validez, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: estado psicológico, tener familia, orientación de logro y optimismo. En un Estudio 2 fue realizada una validación cruzada de la EFPA en una nueva muestra de adultos (n=341), y mediante análisis paralelo y ecuaciones estructurales se probó diferentes modelos, confirmándose uno de cuatro y otro de tres dimensiones, optándose por éste último: estado, tener familia y orientación de logro

Studying happiness psychometrically is recent, and the few available instruments are English rooted. Happiness is a concept that hasn't reached to an agreement yet, typically measured as unidimensional, through a few direct items, and usually not specifying what constitutes it. In study 1, and based on a pentadimensional and emic concept of happiness, a 100 items scale was built to measure it among Chilean adults. It was applied to different samples (n=68; n=277) and refined through exploratory factor analysis, giving origin to the Happiness Scale for Adults (EFPA) -composed by 21 items- with good reliability and validity, distributed among four dimensions: psychological state, having family, achievement orientation and optimism. In study 2, the EFPA crossed validity was carried out with a new sample of adults (n=341), and through parallel analysis and structural equation modelling various models were tested, being confirmed one of 4 and other of 3 dimensions, keeping the later: state, having family and achievement orientation.

[Psychosocial risk factors and work satisfaction in female seasonal workers in Chile]. / Factores de riesgo psicosocial y satisfacción laboral en trabajadoras estacionales de Chile.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and work satisfaction in female seasonal agricultural workers in central Chile. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a non-probability sample of 106 female workers for a fruit trading and export company in the region of Maule, Chile. The interviews were conducted in September and October 2013. The SUSESO ISTA-21 questionnaire was used to evaluate five areas of psychosocial risk in the workplace (psychological requirements, active work and opportunities for development, social support in the company and quality of leadership, compensation, and "double presence"). Questionnaire S10/12 was used to measure labor satisfaction in three areas (satisfaction with benefits received, satisfaction with the company's physical environment, and satisfaction with supervision) and satisfaction in general. RESULTS: The level of psychosocial risk was high in two areas (double presence, and active work and possibilities of development) and medium in the other areas; the level of satisfaction was high in all three areas. The perception of psychosocial risk factors was negatively associated with work satisfaction in three areas: active work and opportunities for development, social support in the company and quality of leadership, and compensation (compensation was negatively associated except for satisfaction with the company's physical environment). CONCLUSIONS: Risks associated with seasonal work and the main issues that workers consider to affect their satisfaction with work and, by extension, their general well-being, are concentrated mainly in the three areas identified.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial y satisfacción laboral en trabajadoras estacionales de Chile / Psychosocial risk factors and work satisfaction in female seasonal workers in Chile

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la satisfacción laboral en trabajadoras estacionales agrícolas de la zona central de Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 106 trabajadoras de una empresa comercializadora y exportadora de frutas de la región del Maule, Chile. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre septiembre y octubre de 2013. Se empleó el cuestionario SUSESO ISTAS-21 para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo según cinco dimensiones (exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, compensaciones, y doble presencia). Se utilizó el cuestionario S10/12 para medir la satisfacción laboral según tres dimensiones (satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas, satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa y satisfacción con la supervisión) y en general. RESULTADOS: El nivel de riesgo psicosocial fue alto en dos dimensiones (doble presencia, y trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo) y medio en las otras; el nivel de satisfacción fue alto en las tres dimensiones. La percepción de factores de riesgo psicosocial se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción laboral en tres dimensiones: trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, y compensaciones (en esta última, excepto con la satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa). CONCLUSIONES: En las tres áreas identificadas se concentran los riesgos asociados con el trabajo estacional y los principales aspectos que las trabajadoras consideran que afectan a su satisfacción con el trabajo y, por extensión, a su bienestar en general.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and work satisfaction in female seasonal agricultural workers in central Chile. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a non-probability sample of 106 female workers for a fruit trading and export company in the region of Maule, Chile. The interviews were conducted in September and October 2013. The SUSESO ISTA-21 questionnaire was used to evaluate five areas of psychosocial risk in the workplace (psychological requirements, active work and opportunities for development, social support in the company and quality of leadership, compensation, and "double presence"). Questionnaire S10/12 was used to measure labor satisfaction in three areas (satisfaction with benefits received, satisfaction with the company's physical environment, and satisfaction with supervision) and satisfaction in general. RESULTS: The level of psychosocial risk was high in two areas (double presence, and active work and possibilities of development) and medium in the other areas; the level of satisfaction was high in all three areas. The perception of psychosocial risk factors was negatively associated with work satisfaction in three areas: active work and opportunities for development, social support in the company and quality of leadership, and compensation (compensation was negatively associated except for satisfaction with the company's physical environment). CONCLUSIONS: Risks associated with seasonal work and the main issues that workers consider to affect their satisfaction with work and, by extension, their general well-being, are concentrated mainly in the three areas identified.

Role of access to parks and markets with anthropometric measurements, biological markers, and a healthy lifestyle.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the association between access to urban green spaces and markets with anthropometric measurements, biological markers, sociodemographic, and healthy lifestyle. METHODS: Geographic information systems were used to establish a correlation between environmental features and cardiovascular risk parameters. A total number of 832 (age range 18-74 years) individuals were selected for this study. RESULTS: Body mass index was significantly and positively related to the distance to parks (ρ = 0.079, p < 0.05), but negatively related to the distance to markets (ρ = -0.125, p < 0.05). In addition, waist circumference was similar and positively related to distance to parks (ρ = 0.097, p < 0.05) and negatively related to distance to markets (ρ = -0.092, p < 0.05). With respect to biochemical parameters, when there was an increase in the distance to markets, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and glycemia decreased. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the importance of the role of environmental factors such as parks and markets in the development of cardiovascular risk.

Una experiencia de intervención psicosocial en cultura positiva de seguridad en una empresa productiva chilena / An experience of psychosocial intervention in positive safety culture in a Chilean production company

La reducción de la accidentalidad y la búsqueda de conductas seguras en el trabajo suponen logros apreciados por las organizaciones hoy en día. Aquí se reporta una experiencia de intervención en una empresa productiva chilena desde el Modelo de Cultura Positiva hacia la Seguridad (MCPS), el cual entiende la cultura organizacional como compuesta por dos componentes principales: el clima de seguridad y el sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud laboral. 435 trabajadores que participaron del proceso de intervención de11 meses fueron evaluados -antes y después de la intervención- en términos de su compromiso organizacional, satisfacción laboral y cultura positiva hacia la Seguridad (228 durante el pre-test y 207 durante el pos-test). Los resultados indican que la intervención tuvo efectos positivos para cada una de las variables aumentando la mayoría de sus puntuaciones en el pos-test. Asimismo, se observa una reducción en la etapa pos-intervención en cuanto a la frecuencia de accidentes registrados mensualmente en la empresa. Se analizan y contrastan estos resultados con la literatura sobre el tema.

The reduction in the accident and search for safe behavior at work involve achievements appreciated by organizations today. Here an experience of intervention in a Chilean productive enterprise is reported from the Model Positive Safety Culture at (MCPS), which means the organizational culture as composed of two main components: the climate of safety and safety management system and occupational health. 435 workers who participated in the 11 month intervention process were evaluated -before and after the intervention-in terms of their organizational commitment, job satisfaction and positive culture towards Safety (228 during the pre-test and 207 in the post-test). The results indicate that the intervention had positive effects for each of the variables increasing most of their scores on the posttest. Also, a reduction is observed in the post-intervention phase in the frequency of accidents recorded monthly in the company. We analyze and contrast these results with the literature on the subject.