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1.
Sante Publique ; Vol. 33(1): 57-63, 2021 Jun 24.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34372641

RESUMO

Through a structured approach that allows urban projects to be observed with a holistic view of health, health impact assessment (HIA) encourages partnerships and anticipates health issues as early as possible in the decision-making process of urban programs. The appropriation of the approach by communities, the integration of recommendations and their follow-up are apprehended through the feedback from three HIA carried out in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It appears that the structuring of proposals according to political criteria and technical feasibility is a very effective decision-making tool for elected officials and technicians. The emergence of new risk factors and the sharing of this knowledge between elected representatives, technicians and inhabitants facilitate the establishment of a common scientific culture and the conditions for a balanced debate between actors on complex subjects. HIA also makes it possible to involve other actors who were absent from the previous phases of consultation. The continuity of the monitoring group is an important element. HIA makes it possible not only to act on health determinants but also to create dynamics favorable to health in the long term. But this interdisciplinary work can be felt to be a hindrance, as some actors find it difficult to grasp work opportunities, to have a new approach that can lead to different outcomes and that requires personal investment. Through its cross-cutting nature, HIA helps to have a different approach to projects and a willingness to move forward to speed things up. There is a strong challenge to go all the way through all the stages of the process.


Assuntos
Avaliação do Impacto na Saúde , Política de Saúde , Humanos
2.
Parasit Vectors ; 13(1): 576, 2020 Nov 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33183354

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Europe, ticks are responsible for the transmission of several pathogens of medical importance, including bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) complex, the agents of Lyme borreliosis. In France, the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region is considered a hot spot for human tick-borne pathogen infections, with an estimated annual rate of 156 cases of Lyme borreliosis per 100,000 inhabitants. Although several studies have assessed the abundance of ticks in rural areas, little consideration has been given thus far to urban green spaces in France. METHODS: This study aimed to estimate tick abundance in three parks, two urban (U1, U2) and one peri-urban (PU), in and around the city of Lyon (France). A forest in a rural area was used as a control (C). Tick sampling campaigns were performed in each site in April, May, June, July, and October 2019 using the dragging method. One hundred transects of 10 m2 each were randomly chosen in each park in places frequented by humans. The sampling sessions were carried out under semi-controlled abiotic conditions. Ticks were stored in 70% ethanol and identified to species and developmental stage under a light microscope using morphological keys. RESULTS: A total of seven ticks (nymphs and adults) were collected in the two urban parks (six in U1 and one in U2), while 499 ticks were sampled in the peri-urban park. Of the 506 ticks collected, 504 were identified as Ixodes ricinus, one as Dermacentor marginatus, and one as Ixodes frontalis. In the peri-urban park, ticks were mainly collected under the forest cover and at forest edges. Tick density under forest cover was 7.1 times higher in the control site than in the peri-urban park throughout the survey period. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the presence of ticks in all of the parks surveyed, although their occurrence in the urban parks was very rare compared to the peri-urban park and the control site. These results should serve as a basis for the implementation of preventive measures.


Assuntos
Dermacentor , Ixodes , Animais , Reservatórios de Doenças , Florestas , França , Parques Recreativos
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