[Testicular involvement in pediatric lymphoid tumors: a review of the literature and a series of clinical observation].

Lymphoid tumors with testicular involvement in childhood are rare and heterogeneous. The disease may manifest with uni- or bilateral scrotal enlargement. Comprehensive examination includes evaluation of all lymph nodes involvement, as well as ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. A diagnosis is made on basis of morphological and immunohistochemical verification. Determination of lymphoid tumor variant and stage, is recommended to perform chemotherapy according to prognostic risk group, and, in some cases, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is required as consolidation therapy. We present three rare clinical cases of follicular lymphoma with testicular involvement, T-lymphoblasti progenitor cell lymphoma, and B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse. Different schemes of chemotherapy, combined with orchiectomy (in 2 of 3 cases) resulted in prolonged complete remission. In the first case, due to treatment-refractory B-lineage ALL, the disease was incurable. Our data on clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic features of lymphoid tumors with testicular involvement make it necessary to form multidisciplinary teams, including pediatric urologists, hematologic oncologists and surgeons for timely diagnosis and successful treatment.

[Complex radiodiagnostics of non-Hodgkin's thoracic or abdominal lymphoma in children].

The clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)-associated lesions of thoracic or abdominal organs and tissues, and the results of application of radiodiagnostic techniques in 414 children with the disease, were analyzed. The results of the analysis of radiological and ultrasonographic manifestations of thoracic and abdominal lesions in children with NHL make it possible to perform more effective early diagnostics of the disease in wide healthcare practice. Also, these results confirm the mandatory character of the general principle of pediatric tumor diagnosis, i.e. complex application of clinical, morphological, endoscopic, laboratory, and radiological techniques, including routine X-ray diagnostics, computed tomography, ultrasound tomography, and radioisotopic examination.

[Ultrasonography in the comprehensive diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness in retroperitoneal neuroblastoma in children]. / Ekhografiia v kompleksnoi diagnostike i otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia zabriushinnoi neiroblastomy u detei.

Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma of adrenal (17) and extra-organ (60) origin and retroperitoneal extra-organ neoplasia (18), infrequent in childhood, were identified in 109 children referred to the Institute's Clinic with diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumor. Ultrasound characteristics of retroperitoneal tumors of the sympathetic nervous system and predictive value of ultrasound for involvement of adjacent organs and vessels were defined and classified. Similar criteria for differential diagnosis between retroperitoneal neuro- and ganglioblastoma and rare pediatric retroperitoneal tumors were worked out. Dynamics of evidence in the course of conservative treatment of tumors and the role of ultrasound tomography in evaluating retroperitoneal neuroblastoma were established. Predictive value of sonography, computed tomography and angiography in certain applications was compared.