Synchronous Carcinoma in Thyroglossal Cyst: A Rare Occurrence.

A Thyroglossal cyst is a commonly encountered clinical entity resulting due to the persistence of the thyroglossal duct and the transformation of a few embryonic cells into a cyst. The incidence of malignant change in the thyroglossal cyst is reported as between 1 to 1.8 percent. Here we present a case report of a male who presented with swelling in the neck, on ultrasonography (USG) found to be a thyroglossal cyst, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggested a papillary carcinoma within the thyroglossal cyst. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral selective neck dissection, central compartment clearance, and sistrunk operation were done. The histopathological report revealed papillary carcinoma of the thyroid within a thyroglossal cyst with neck nodal metastasis.

Outpatient Clinical Markers for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: A Correlational Study.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the result of retrograde flow of gastric contents to the laryngopharynx which comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Due to ill defined criteria for diagnosis & followup, LPRD patients are underdiagnosed & undertreated. Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) are two clinical methods which can be utilised especially in the outpatient setup. This study was done with the aim to assess various laryngoscopic findings in patients with LPRD diagnosed symptomatically and examine the correlation between the RSI & RFS by comparing these two indices. This prospective analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Bangalore in the Department of ENT for a period of 24 months between Dec 2020 to Dec 2022. The study included patients aged 18 to 60 years diagnosed with LPRD based on symptoms as per RSI score (> 13). RSI & RFS were assessed on diagnosis and patients were followed up for 1, 3 & 6 months for assessment. Total 96 patients were enrolled, with mean age of be 42.49 ± 11.33 years. Prevalence was found to be more in females (61.5%). The most common symptom according to RSI was frequent throat clearing & globus sensation (sensation of something sticking in throat) and most common finding according to RFS was erythema/hyperemia. The mean score of RSI and RFI was found to reduce with treatment at different intervals in follow-up visits. There was a significant strength of association between the RSI and RFS at baseline, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month of follow-up (r = 0.568, r = 0.684, r = 0.774, r = 0.736 respectively) (p < 0.001).The RFS and RSI showed statistically significant strong relationships between total scores and sign and symptom characteristics. On follow-up, there was a significant reduction in the RSI which was also correlated with a reduction in RFS.

Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Nose: A Rare Case Report.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a rare nasal pathology, which in the past was grouped with list of granulomatous diseases. It is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized clinically by a non-relenting destruction of the midline structures of the palate and nasal cavity. Despite the malignant clinical nature, tissue diagnosis may be difficult due to extensive tissue necrosis mandating multiple biopsies and has an ominous prognosis, as the average survival rate lying between 6 and 25 months as in large number of Asian studies. This is the case report of a 60-year-old female who presented with (L) nasal obstruction and recurrent episodes of rhinosinusitis for last 8 months, which had been treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and intranasal corticosteroids without success. After performing battery of tests, diagnosed histologically and confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis that the patient had an ENKL, nasal type (AKA angiocentric T-cell lymphoma).