Surgical Residents' Awareness of the Costs of Common Operating Room Supplies.

BACKGROUND: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates that residency programs incorporate cost awareness into patient care. This presents a challenge for surgical residents because they must understand operating room costs in addition to other expenses. Trainees' understanding of operating room supply costs is not well understood. METHODS: A survey was distributed to surgical residents (N = 73) at an urban, university-based residency program. Residents estimated the costs of 21 single-use operating room items. Descriptive statistics and a regression analysis were calculated. RESULTS: The response rate was 62%. Respondents accurately estimated costs for a median of 7/21 items, with error ranging from 26% to 5438%. They substantially underestimated the three highest-cost items. Increasing post-graduate year did not improve estimation accuracy (ß = .233, P = .138). DISCUSSION: Residents have a poor understanding of single-use item costs, and this does not improve with post-graduate training, suggesting inefficiencies. There is opportunity to educate residents and ultimately decrease surgical health care costs.

Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening Between Caucasian and Asian American Women.

INTRODUCTION: Asian American women have lower breast cancer incidence and mortality than their non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. We sought to determine whether differences in screening practices could explain, in part, the variation in breast cancer detection rate. METHODS: The 2015 National Health Interview Survey, an annual survey that is representative of the civilian, noninstitutionalized American population, was used to determine whether mammography usage was different between Asian and NHW women. Women ≥40 y of age who identified as either Asian or NHW were included. RESULTS: A total of 7990 women ≥40 y of age (6.12% Asian, 93.88% NHW), representing 53,275,420 women in the population, were included in our cohort of interest; 71.49% of Asian and 74.46% of NHW women reported having had a mammogram within the past 2 y (P = 0.324). Controlling for education, insurance, family income, marital status, and whether they were born in the United States, Asians were less likely to have had a mammogram within the past 2 y than their NHW counterparts (odds ratio = 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.99, P = 0.047). Of patients who had an abnormal mammogram, there was no difference in the biopsy rate (20.35% versus 25.97%, P = 0.4935) nor in the rate of cancer diagnosis among those who had a biopsy (7.70% versus 12.86%, P = 0.211) between Asian and NHW women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the lower breast cancer incidence among the Asian population may, in part, be explained by a lower screening mammography rate in this population.