RESUMO
This article sets out to throw light on the intellectual and scientific activities of a group of Spanish humanists associated with the diplomat, aristocrat, and writer Diego Hurtado de Mendoza in the course of his fifteen years in Venice, Trent, and Rome, focusing on two aspects that have been neglected to date. These are (a) the integration of practices connected with the study of nature (herborizing expeditions and the production of herbaria) with the work of collating, translating, and commenting on classical texts dealing with natural history and materia medica; and (b) the insertion of these scientific activities in Italy by the Spanish subjects of the Emperor Charles V within the broader context of a specific cultural policy. This policy would later be fleshed out in the scientific project of the Spanish Crown under Philip II, inseparable as it was from the monarch's political and religious policy.
RESUMO
In this article, we try to explain the origin of a disagreement; the sort that often arises when the subject is the history of early modern Spanish science. In the decades between 1970 and 1990, while some historians were trying to include Spain in the grand narrative of the rise of modern science, the very historical category of the Scientific Revolution was beginning to be dismantled. It could be said that Spaniards were boarding the flagship of modern science right before it sank. To understand this décalage it would be helpful to recall the role of the history of science during the years after the Franco dictatorship and Spain's transition to democracy. It was a discipline useful for putting behind us the Black Legend and Spanish exceptionalism.
RESUMO
El artículo presenta las experiencias y reflexiones suscitadas durante y después de la elaboración de una serie de biografías -tanto colectivas como individuales- de médicos cortesanos españoles en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Se trata de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado en los últimos doce años que culmina ahora, en parte, con la publicación del libro El médico en la palestra
The article presents the experiences and reflexions arisen from the elaboration of physicians´ biographies -individual as well as collective- in the Spanish Court during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth-centuries. They are part of a twelve years research project, which culminates with the publication of the book El médico en la palestra
Assuntos
História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , Médicos Hospitalares/história , História da Medicina , Projetos de Pesquisa , Corpo Clínico/história , Papel do Médico/história , Saúde Suplementar/históriaRESUMO
The consultations (consultas) and meetings (juntas) of physicians represented an area of prime importance for both medical practice and doctrinal discussions. The analysis of manuscript sources -- the private correspondence of a doctor -- rarely used in this period, reveals the reality of medical practice more accurately than do doctrinal or normative texts. The difference between "consulas" and "juntas" depended on the person who took the initiative. "Consulas" arose from the practical difficulty of the physician confronted with a case which he decided to submit to the judgement of other colleagues, whose experience and prestige were greater. On the other hand the "juntas" were the initiative of the patient. In this latter case there were many different factors: institutional conflicts, professional expectations and rivalries. Nevertheless, the opinions of the patients and their circle of acquaintances were also represented. Finally, this was the arena for doctrinal discussions about the human body and disease.
