Detection of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains in Larval and Adult Forms of Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) From Industrial Poultry Farms.

The lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) constitute a common cosmopolitan pest in poultry flocks and may colonize the litter in adult and larval forms. Previous studies have documented their potential as carriers of enteric pathogens. In this context, S. enterica constitutes a prioritized zoonotic agent in the poultry industry due to the sanitary risks and economic losses associated with its presence. The aim of this study is to describe the presence of S. enterica strains in larval and adult forms of A. diaperinus collected from poultry litter belonging to industrial farms located in the central zone of Chile. A total of 403 specimens (203 adults and 200 larvae) were sampled from three farms and 25 flocks. For bacteriological isolation, beetles were processed to differentiate external and internal contamination. Then, isolates were serotyped according to the Kauffman-White scheme and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were determined using the disk diffusion method. Gene sequences from the megaplasmid pESI were identified through a PCR based test. These procedures led to the detection of 15 S. enterica isolates, belonging to serotypes Infantis (14) and Livingstone (1), from both adults (6) and larval (9) specimens, with a similar external (7) and internal (8) distribution. Furthermore, all S. Infantis isolates showed antimicrobial resistance and evidence of megaplasmid pESI carriage, with all possessing multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Our results confirm that A. diaperinus constitutes a potential reservoir of zoonotic Salmonella strains of sanitary and economic concern for the industry and for public health.

Autism: Hard to Switch from Details to the Whole.

It has long been proposed that individuals with autism exhibit a superior processing of details at the expense of an impaired global processing. This theory has received some empirical support, but results are mixed. In this research we have studied local and global processing in ASD and Typically Developing children, with an adaptation of the Navon task, designed to measure congruency effects between local and global stimuli and switching cost between local and global tasks. ASD children showed preserved global processing; however, compared to Typically Developing children, they exhibited more facilitation from congruent local stimuli when they performed the global task. In addition, children with ASD had more switching cost than Typically Developing children only when they switched from the local to the global task, reflecting a specific difficulty to disengage from local stimuli. Together, results suggest that ASD is characterized by a tendency to process local details, they benefit from the processing of local stimuli at the expense of increasing cost to disengage from local stimuli when global processing is needed. Thus, this work demonstrates experimentally the advantages and disadvantages of the increased local processing in children with ASD.

Identification of diverse Salmonella serotypes, virulotypes, and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in waterfowl from Chile.

Salmonella enterica is a pathogen with a wide host-range that presents great concern in developed and developing countries. To determine and characterize Salmonella strains found in Chile's waterfowl, we sampled 758 birds along 2000 km of the Chilean coast. In this sample, 46 isolates from 10 serotypes were detected, several with multidrug resistance phenotypes and different combinations of virulence-associated genes (virulotypes). These results suggest that Salmonella infection in waterfowl in Chile could have impacts on public and animal health.

Síndrome de DRESS: eritema cutáneo, fiebre y hepatitis asociado a lamotrigina: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / DRESS syndrome: skin rash, fever and acute hepatitis associated to lamotrigine: report of two cases and review of the literature

DRESS syndrome is an infrequent adverse drug reaction but in some cases may be life-threatening. It is characterized by cutaneous rash, systemic symptoms and eosinophilia. It is usually caused by aromatic anticonvulsants, sulfonamides and some antiviral drugs, among others. In this article we present two cases of drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome with rash, systemic symptoms (DRESS) associated to lamotrigine therapy with hepatic involvement and a review of the literature. The first case is a 78 year-old woman, presenting with myalgia, fever, abdominal pain and skin rash on her face and extremities. Labora¬tory tests revealed alteration of hepatic profile with hepatocellular pattern. After ruling out other causes, she recognized recent use of lamotrigine. The drug was withdrawn and she had a favourable evolution. The second case is a 30 year-old woman being treated for depression who presented with rash, adenopathies, fever and alteration of hepatic profile twenty four days after starting lamotrigine. Infectious causes were ruled out and she had a good response to corticosteroid treatment.

El síndrome de DRESS es una reacción adversa a medicamentos, poco frecuente pero potencialmente letal. Se caracteriza por eritema cutáneo, síntomas sistémicos y eosinofilia. Suele ser producido por los anticonvulsivantes aromáticos, sulfonamidas y algunos fármacos antivirales, entre otros. En este artículo presentamos dos casos de DRESS secundario a lamotrigina con compromiso hepático y revisión de la literatura. El primero de ellos, una mujer de 78 años, consulta por mialgias, fiebre, dolor abdominal y eritema maculopapular en cara y extremidades. Los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron alteración de pruebas de función hepática con patrón hepatocelular. Luego de descartar otras causas, la paciente reconoció uso reciente de lamotrigina. Se suspendió la droga y evolucionó favorablemente. El segundo caso es una mujer de 30 años en tratamiento por trastorno depresivo quien, veinticuatro días post-inicio de lamotrigina, comienza con eritema, adenopatías, fiebre y alteración de pruebas de función hepática, excluyéndose etiologías infecciosas; se inicia tratamiento corticoesteroidal con buena respuesta.

Edema hemorrágico agudo del lactante: a propósito de un caso / Acute hemorrhagic edema of the infant: report of a case

El edema hemorrágico agudo del lactante consiste en una vasculitis leucocitoclástica de vasos pequeños. Las manifestaciones clínicas son llamativas por el intenso púrpura asociado a edema que se desarrolla en el plazo de uno o dos días en zona facial y extremidades. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico es clínico y generalmente no requiere tratamiento, ya que su curso es benigno y autolimitado: presentamos una revisión del tema a raíz de un caso diagnosticado en un niño de seis meses (AU)

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a small vessel leucocytoclastic vasculitis. The clinical manifestations are dramatic, because the intense purpuric lesions associated with edema develop in one or two days on the face and limbs. However, the diagnosis is based on the history and physical examination and it generally does not require treatment, because of its benign and limited course.We write this review after seeing a case we in a six months old baby (AU)