RESUMO
The abalone aquaculture industry in South Korea has grown rapidly since the 2000s. In this study, we investigated the sedimentary pollution at four major abalone farms responsible for ~60% of all South Korean abalone produced. We also surveyed the current statuses of cage facilities, abalone mass mortality, and current velocities within and outside farm cages. The concentrations of total organic carbon in the study area were 7.92 ± 2.09 mg g-1, indicating a mild level of sedimentary pollution. We observed higher mortality rates in rectangular-shaped shelter cages than in triangular shelters. With increases in the number and size of abalone farming facilities, current velocities inside the cages declined by an average of 45% relative to those outside the cages, leading to poor habitat conditions for farmed abalone. Our results provide insights into the current status of the benthic environments and major causes of mass mortality in the abalone farms of South Korea.
Assuntos
Gastrópodes , Hidrodinâmica , Animais , Aquicultura , Fazendas , República da CoreiaRESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome of the doubled-lined mackerel, Grammatorcynus bilineatus, was determined by the combination of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and Sanger sequencing. The constructed mitochondrial genome of G. bilineatus was 16,537 bp in length, which harbors a canonical 37 genes (13 proteins, two ribosomal RNAs, and 22 tRNAs) and two non-coding regions (origin of light-strand replication (OL) and the D-loop control region). Among 38 genes, nine were encoded on its light strand (L), while the other 28 were on its heavy strand (H). Besides COX1 (GTG) and ATP6 (CTG), the other eleven protein-coding genes (PCGs) begin with a typical start codon (ATG). The phylogenetic tree showed that G. bilineatus was not clustered with the other species in the Scombridae, forming a clade for Grammatorcynus. The genetic information of G.bilineatus will provide useful information for the scientific management and conservation of the species in the genus.
RESUMO
We characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of Squilloides leptosquilla (Brooks, 1886) collected from the southern waters of Korea, which is newly recorded into the Korean carcinological fauna. The total mitochondrial genome length of S. leptosquilla was 16,376 bp. This circular DNA encodes 13 proteins, two ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs, as well as a putative control region. Compared with other decapod crustacean mitochondrial genomes, the overall A + T content was relatively high (71.1%) as those among other stomatopod species. Nine and four protein-coding genes are encoded on the H-strand and on the L-strand, respectively. The short non-coding region (210 bp) between tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Phe) may be the good candidate as the molecular marker to discriminate S. leptosequilla from other stomatopods.