RESUMO
Current post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies virus infection has several limitations in terms of supply, cost, safety, and efficacy. Attempts to replace human or equine rabies immune globulins (HRIG or ERIG) have been made by several companies and institutes. We developed potent monoclonal antibodies to neutralize a broad spectrum of rabies viruses by screening hybridomas received from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Two kinds of chimeric human antibodies (chimeric #7 and #17) were constructed by cloning the variable regions from selected hybridomas and the constant region of a human antibody. Two antibodies were bound to antigenic site III and I/IV, respectively, and were able to neutralize 51 field isolates of rabies virus that were isolated at different times and places such as Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Australia. These two antibodies neutralize rabies viruses with high efficacy in an in vivo test using Syrian hamster and mouse models and show low risk for adverse immunogenicity.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/administração & dosagem , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/prevenção & controle , África , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/genética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Ásia , Austrália , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cavalos/virologia , Humanos , Hibridomas/imunologia , Mesocricetus/virologia , Camundongos , América do Norte , Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/virologia , Vírus da Raiva/patogenicidade , América do Sul , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and trend of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Korean adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Data from 1998, 2001, and 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed (N = 4164; age, 10 to 19 years) for MetS prevalence using the modified International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS: The combined prevalence of MetS in Korean adolescents was 2.2% in 1998, 3.6% in 2001, and 1.8% in 2005. MetS in Korean boys increased from 1.4% in 1998 to 5.3% in 2001 but decreased to 2.0% in 2005. The prevalence of MetS in girls decreased over the study periods (3.0% in 1998, 1.9% in 2001, and 1.6% in 2005). MetS prevalence declined from 1998 to 2005 despite an increase in overweight or obese individuals among both sexes (1998: boys, 15.1%; girls, 17.8%; 2005: boys, 26.8%; girls, 21.7%). Among individual MetS components, hyperglycemia decreased dramatically in 2005 in both sexes and accounted for the majority of the decline in the prevalence of the MetS in Korean adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MetS has declined despite an increase in obesity in Korean youth. Recent changes in physical activity in addition to national health care initiatives in Korea may have had a positive impact on the prevalence of MetS.