Al2O3/ZrO2 dual-dielectric Gr/CNT nanoribbon vertical tunnel FET based biosensor for genomic classification and S-protein detection in SARS-CoV-2.

The ongoing genetic mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) possesses the capacity to inadvertently lead to an increase in both the rates of transmission and mortality. In this study, we showcase the use of an Al2O3/ZrO2 Dual-Dielectric Gr/CNT Nanoribbon vertical tunnel field-effect transistor biosensor for the purpose of detecting spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The proteins mentioned above are situated within the protein capsids of the virus. The effectiveness of the suggested detector has been assessed through measurements of the alteration in current drain. The present study utilizes the dielectric coefficient analogue of viral proteins as a substitute for biomolecules that exhibit internal hybridization nanogaps. The high sensitivity of the suggested detector, as evaluated on a scale ranging from 0 to 115, suggests its potential as a high-quality sensing instrument. The purpose of this study is to examine the sensitivity of DNA charge density with the aim of identifying any alterations in the virus that may impact its ability to spread and infect humans. The chromosomal composition of SARS-CoV-2 has been determined. The CMC Research Centre, situated in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, conducted an examination of SARS-CoV-2 samples. The scientists possess the capability to do genome sequencing on these specimens, so facilitating the examination of mutation patterns and the dispersion of different clades. A total of 250 different mutations were found out of the 600 sequences that were evaluated. The sequencing data consists of a complete collection of 250 distinct variants, including 150 missense mutations, 80 synonymous mutations, 15 mutations in noncoding regions, and 5 deletions. The comprehension of genetic variety is significantly dependent on these mutations. The proposed detector is connected to a variety of previously documented biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs), which are employed for the examination of genetic modifications.

An extensive study on the COVID-19 pandemic, an emerging global crisis: Risks, transmission, impacts and mitigation.

A number of unexplained cases of pneumonia have been recorded since November 2019 in China. It is officially named the new corona virus (2019-nCov) by the World Health Organization on 12 January 2020. WHO officially named it COVID-19 on 11 February. COVID-19 is a highly transmitted and pathogenic viral infection that has been developed and spread across the world in Wuhan, China, caused by extreme acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Genomic analysis showed that bats may also be a primary reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetically associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-like viruses (SARS). However, the rapid human to human transition has been generally reported. Intermediate source of origin and human transition is unknown. Clinically approved COVID-19 antiviral medication or vaccine is not available. In clinical trials, however, few broad-based COVID-19 antiviral medicinal drugs were tested, resulting in clinical recovery. This analysis summarizes the pathogenicity of COVID-19 and aims to raise awareness of COVID-19 among the population and to continually boost the detection, monitoring, diagnosis and care level. Over 50 COVID-19 scientific publications were included in this systematic analysis. We found that fever (87.0%), cough (65.9%) and malaise/tiredness (35%) were the most common symptoms of COvida-19. However, COVID-19 clinical signs and symptoms were not necessarily obvious. The transmission of COVID-19 in comparison to SARS was more specific. The rate of death of COVID-19 was 2,7% and the pathological characteristics of COVID-19 are very similar to ARDS. There are also discussions on the latest epidemiological changes, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination and COVID-19 pathological characteristics.

Bioavailable trace metals and their ecological risks in the tourist beaches of the Southeast coast of India.

The concentration of Acid Leachable Trace Metals (ALTMs) was assessed in urbanized tourist beaches (96 samples from Marina beach, 34 samples from Edward Elliot's beach, and 28 samples from Silver beach) of southeast coast of India. The concentration of metals accumulated in the beach sediment was less than the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) background reference values. The mean enrichment of ALTMs in the studied urban tourist beaches showed the following descending order: Marina beach - Cr > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Mn > Co; Edward Elliot's beach - Cr > Pb > Ni > Mn > Co > Zn > Cu; Silver beach - Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > Mn > Cu > Zn. The ALTMs such as Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn were probably derived from natural weathering and mild anthropogenic influences whereas other metals were derived from anthropogenic induced factors.

An Enhanced Symptom Clustering with Profile Based Prescription Suggestion in Biomedical application.

The application of data mining has been increasing day to day whereas the data base is also enhancing simultaneously. Hence retrieving required content from a huge data base is a critical task. This paper focus on biomedical engineering field, it concentrates on initial stage of database such as data preprocessing and cleansing to deal with noise and missing data in large biomedical data sets. The database of biomedical is huge and enhancing nature retrieving of specific content will be a critical task. Suggesting prescription with respect to identified disease based on profile analysis of specific patient is not available in current system. This paper proposes a recommendation system of prescription based on disease identification is done by combining user and professional suggestion with profile based analysis. Hence this focuses on profile based suggestions and report will be generated. The retrieving of specific suggestion from a huge database is done by hybrid feature selection algorithm. This approach focuses on enabling recommendation based on user profile and implementing Hybrid feature selection algorithm to retrieve specific content from a huge database. Hence it attains better retrieval of required content from a huge database compared to other existing approaches and suggests better recommendation with respect to user profile.

Blood Glucose Regulation for Post-Operative Patients with Diabetics and Hypertension Continuum: A Cascade Control-Based Approach.

Management of glycemic level in post-operative condition is critical for hypertensive patients and the post-operative stress may results in hyperglycemia, hyper insulin and osmotic diuresis. Recent medical research shows that diabetic and hypertension hands together in a significant overlap in its etiology and its disease mechanism. It is clear that there is a call for monitoring in the parameter and controlling the glucose level particularly in the presence of hypertension. This paper proposes the novel complex (cascade) control system to control the insulin infusion level particularly in the presence of hypertension. Based on the requirements the structure has been designed and the simulation results indicates that the proposed control strategy shows better results and may achieve potentially better glycemic control to the hypersensitive diabetic patients.

Evolution of blood pressure control identification in lieu of post-surgery diabetic patients: a review.

The blood pressure disparity is the major problem in post-operative surgery especially diabetic patients, because there is substantial interrelation between diabetic and hypertension and this abnormality creates complicated problems and needs to be controlled by continuous monitoring based on the severity. To overcome this problem, implementation of automatic drug infusion is required for critical patients, by which workload of the clinical staffs are reduced. Most commonly the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is used to reduce the blood pressure in fast action based on the prescribed level. In this paper three different types of estimation techniques (PID, IMC and MPC) are uses to identify the valuation. The strength of the projected controller performance is evaluated under different types of patients such as sensitive, and normal along with insensitive patients. Therefore, this paper review the validation results based on the optimized SNP infusion rate for persistent Blood pressure control compare then the reviewed methods. The MATLAB simulation is used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed work and obtain the results based on the projected values.

Investigation on uric acid biosensor model for enzyme layer thickness for the application of arthritis disease diagnosis.

Uric acid biosensors for arthritis disease has been developed for the specific selection of uricase enzyme film thickness coated over the TiO2-CeO2 nano-composite matrix is modelled mathematically. This model is purely based on R-diffusion conditions with irreversible first-order catalytic reactions. By arithmetical method, the impact of the thickness of enzyme layer on the current response of the biosensor was explored. This article displays a structure for choice of the enzyme layer thickness, guaranteeing the adequately stable sensitivity of a biosensor in a required extent of the maximal enzymatic rate. The numerical outcomes showed subjective and sensible quantitative information for oxidation current due to uric acid also shows the maximum change in the biosensor current response due to the change in membrane thickness, which will be more suitable for uric acid biosensor for the application of arthritis disease diagnosis.

Sediment textural characteristics and elemental distribution in the core sediments, Pullivasal and Kurusadai Island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India.

Two core samples were collected in order to assess the textual characteristics and elemental distribution of the sediments, from the lagoonal environment of Pullivasal and Kurusadai island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India. The distribution of the organic matter and calcium carbonate is chiefly controlled by the coral debris, shell fragments and mangrove litters. The elemental distribution is controlled by natural process and other trace elements are controlled by anthropogenic land based activities.

Denosumab in advanced/unresectable giant-cell tumour of bone (GCTB): For how long?

BACKGROUND: Giant-cell tumours of bone (GCTB) are RANK/RANK-ligand (RANKL) positive, aggressive and progressive osteolytic tumours. Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, was FDA-approved for adults and skeletally mature adolescents with unresectable GCTB or when surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity. Data on long-term toxicity and activity of denosumab monthly 'GCTB-schedule' (120 mg per 12/year, 1440 mg total dose/year) are lacking. METHODS: Patients with GCTB receiving denosumab, 120 mg on days 1, 8, 15, 29 and every 4 weeks thereafter, from 2006 to 2015 treated in two centres were included. Long-term toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were identified. 43 patients underwent resection of the tumour with a median time on denosumab treatment of 12 months (range 6-45 months). Fifty-four patients had unresectable GCTB's (male/female 23/31, median age 35 years [range: 13-76 years], 26% presented with lung metastases, 31% had primary tumor located to the spine, 63% were relapsed after previous surgery) with a median time on denosumab of 54 months (9-115 months). In the unresectable GCTB group, tumour control and clinical benefits were observed in all patients undergoing denosumab, whereas 40% of patients discontinuing denosumab had tumour progression after a median of 8 months (range 7-15 months). ADVERSE EVENTS: Overall, six (6%) patients developed osteonecrosis of jaw (ONJ): 1/43 (2%) in the resectable group, 5/54 (9%) in the unresectable group, with a 5-year ONJ-free survival of 92% (95% CI 84-100). Only patients with prolonged treatment experienced mild peripheral neuropathy (6/54, 11%), skin rash (5/54, 9%), hypophosphataemia (2/54, 4%) and atypical femoral fracture (2/54, 4%). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged treatment with denosumab has sustained activity in GCTB, with a mild toxicity profile. The dose-dependent toxicity observed recommends a careful and strict monitoring of patients who need prolonged treatment. Decreased dose-intensity schedules should be further explored in unresectable GCTB.

Immunomodulatory efficiency of Etroplus suratensis muscle protein.

The protein extract of Etroplus suratensis (E. suratensis) collected from Bavanisagar dam was found to be effective against all tested organisms with an inhibition zone ranging from 0.2 to 1.9 mm. When the result was compared with standard antibiotic Streptomycin, a moderate efficiency was observed. In vitro, an antibacterial assay was used to assess the efficacy of fish protein in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microbes. The fish protein of E. suratensis collected from Bavanisagar had a broad spectrum of antibacterial potential. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of E. suratensis against pathogens are the highest in protein collected from Bavanisagar. In the fish protein collected from Bavanisagar, it has been shown that the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value is higher in Bacillus subtilis (0.85/20 µg/ml) and the lowest in Micrococcus (0.1/100 µg/ml). The sub-lethal dose of fish protein was estimated at 1/10 of 96 h LD50 dose (30 µg/ml/Kg), the antibody response was significantly enhanced on day 14 and day 21 (p < 0.01). The highest IgG level was noticed on day 21, which decreased towards day 28. This result showed the antibody production with an increased IgG concentration. The above results demonstrate that fish protein extracts have great potential as immunostimulants against the microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the microorganisms.

Portulaca oleracea L. extract ameliorates the cisplatin-induced toxicity in chick embryonic liver.

Cisplatin, a cytotoxic agent used in treating cancer, at high doses induces hepatotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the protective role of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Portulaca oleracea L. (Po) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in chick embryonic liver. A group of 12 day old chick embryos, acclimatized to laboratory conditions were treated with a single dose of cisplatin (100 microg), while another group received Po extract at different doses (1 and 3 mg) 6 h prior to cisplatin treatment. The biochemical parameters were estimated after 24 and 72 h of incubation. A dose-dependent increase in biochemical parameters, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde levels and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes levels like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase and reduced glutathione were observed in cisplatin-treated animals, indicating a definite damage to the liver tissue. Pre-treatment with Po extract was found to provide significant protection against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, as evident by the recovered levels of the altered changes in the measured biochemical parameters.

Embryo protective effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit extract in adriamycin-induced oxidative stress.

The possible protective role of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit extract which has shown antioxidant capacity higher than that of red wine and green tea was evaluated against adriamycin-induced oxidative stress in chick embryos. Adriamycin (ADR), an anthracycline broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic drug is used for the treatment of variety of cancers; however, its prolonged use is limited by an irreversible, dose-dependant and progressive cardiomyopathy, hepatotoxicity and general toxicity to other organs in human beings, due to oxidative stress. The morphological changes (malformation of different organs), changes in body weight, volume of amniotic fluid (AF) and biochemical parameters of AF were studied after 24 and 48 h of incubation by comparing ADR alone and pomegranate fruit extract pretreated groups with their respective controls of 12 days old chick embryos. ADR alone at a dose of 70 microg/egg showed a significant dose versus time- dependent reduction in body weight, volume of AF. A dose-related increase in embryo gross morphological deformities and significant changes in the levels of biochemical parameters in AF were observed in ADR-treated group. These changes were significantly ameliorated to normal by pre-administration of pomegranate fruit extract at a dose of 200 microg/egg. Thus, the present study demonstrated the embryo protective nature of pomegranate fruit extract against ADR-induced oxidative stress.

Protective effect ofBacopa monniera L. on cytarabine induced biochemical changes in chick embryo.

Bacopa monniera, a medicinal plant distributed throughout India. Cytosine arabinoside (1-ß-arabinofuranosylcytosine; Ara-C) is the most important antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drug used for acute leukemia. In this study we examined the chemoprotective property of an ethanolic extract of Bacopa monniera on biochemical changes in chick embryo. CA caused biochemical changes in a concentration and time dependent manner in amniotic fluid, liver and heart tissues. Ethanolic extract of BM given to chick embryo at doses of 2, 4, 6 mg per egg. There is significant decrease in biochemical levels of glucose, protein, urea, uric acid, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus. Enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and malatedehydrogenase were also decreased with dose dependent manner in amniotic fluid, liver and heart tissues.

Prevalence of pediatric HIV in New Delhi.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in North India, as there are scanty reports from this part of India. METHODS: The prevalence of HIV infection was determined by serological tests for HIV antibodies in children born to a seropositive mother or suffering from chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive or disseminated tuberculosis. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve children were tested of which ten were seropositive (8.9%). This included six children born to seropositive mother (22%), two with chronic diarrhea (4%), one with failure to thrive (5%) and one child with disseminated tuberculosis (6.6%). CONCLUSION: HIV infection is an emerging reality in New Delhi. A clinically directed screening can help detect more cases.

On the cumulants of population size for the stochastic power law logistic model.

The deterministic power law logistic model is used to describe density-dependent population growth in cases where the ordinary logistic model is insufficient. This paper investigates an analogous stochastic power law logistic model. The exact (unconditional) population size distributions and the cumulant functions for this stochastic model are intractable for large population sizes. Approximating cumulant functions are derived for populations of any size, and are illustrated with examples of assumed Africanized honey bee population dynamics. Outstanding among the findings is that the approximations for the cumulant functions are very accurate for these examples. The stochastic power law logistic model is very general and may be applied to describe the growth of many other natural populations.

The effect of superinfection on the distribution of the infectious period--a continued fraction approximation.

It has been shown that the density function of the duration of infection in a superinfection malaria model can be approximated by a mixture of exponential density functions. This is achieved by an application of continued fractions. Numerical calculations and graphs illustrate that this approach is effective.

Detection of superoxide dismutase isozymes in normal and X-irradiated chick amniotic fluid by using isoelectric focussing.

Isoelectric focussing of amniotic fluid of chick system over pH gradient of 4-6 revealed presence of 8 superoxide dismutases. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes were identified as one major isozyme and other seven were minor ones. Higher expression of SOD (major isozyme) with exposure of 1000 R was studied. The isoelectric point (pI) of major SOD isozyme in control (5) differs from radiation exposed samples (5.12). Hence in radiation exposed amniotic fluid showed more pronounced SOD major isozyme, than control amniotic fluid. It is clearly evident that the SOD isozyme with X-irradiation having different isoelectric points, may lead to modification of the amino acid composition and charges of amino acids in the protein structure of SOD. So, the higher SOD isozyme expression has a role in defence action against free radical damage by X-irradiation during embryonic development.

Stochastic compartmental models with Prendville growth mechanisms.

We consider a stochastic compartmental model in which cells reproduce in accordance with a regulated birth and death process. We find expressions for the mean vector and covariance matrix for the number of cells in these compartments. We obtain the asymptotic behavior of the mean vector in the general case and explicit expressions for two compartmental and mammillary systems.

Isolation and characterization of hyaluronidase from scorpion (Heterometrus fulvipes) venom.

Hyaluronidase (Hyaluronate lyase, E.C. 3.2.1.35) has been isolated from Heterometrus fulvipes scorpion venom by a combination of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme preparation showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a molecular weight of 82,000. The final preparation was purified 27-fold. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was 4.0. No loss of activity was observed up to 30 degrees C and showed a sharp decrease in activity at 50 degrees C. Heparin inhibited the enzyme activity.