Study of Serum Electrolytes (Sodium and Potassium) Abnormalities in Acute Stroke.

Stroke is the common cause of death and disability worldwide, as well as in Bangladesh. Serum electrolytes abnormalities or dyselectrolytaemia is one of the major acute complications of stroke. Dyselectrolytaemia or serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) abnormalities are more common in patients with acute stroke that can be easily measured. The study was planned to find out the serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) abnormalities in acute stroke patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology and Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020. Total 84 purposively selected patients with acute strokes were evaluated following informed written consent. Diagnosis was confirmed by neuroimaging of brain. Moreover, serum electrolytes level was measured for each patient. Data were collected by interviews, clinical examinations & laboratory investigations of the patients using a case record form and analysis was carried out by the help of SPSS 25.0. Mean age of the patients with acute strokes were 57.65±15.79 years. About two thirds (60.7%) of the patients were male and the remaining (39.3%) were female. Sodium imbalances were observed in 32.2% and potassium imbalances in 25.0% cases. About 66.7% haemorrhagic strokes patients and 42.2% ischaemic strokes patients had dyselectrolytaemia (p<0.05). More than twenty eight percent (28.6%) of all stroke patients had hyponatraemia, which was more common (35.9%) among haemorrhagic strokes patients (p<0.05). Of all stroke patients 21.4% had hypokalaemia, which was more common (28.2%) in haemorrhagic strokes patients (p<0.05). This study reveals that, serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) abnormalities are more common in haemorrhagic than ischaemic strokes, which is mainly hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia.

Neural harmony: revolutionizing thyroid nodule diagnosis with hybrid networks and genetic algorithms.

In the contemporary world, thyroid disease poses a prevalent health issue, particularly affecting women's well-being. Recognizing the significance of maternal thyroid (MT) hormones in fetal neurodevelopment during the first half of pregnancy, this study introduces the HNN-GSO model. This groundbreaking hybrid approach, utilizing the MT dataset, integrates ResNet-50 and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) within a Glow-worm Swarm Optimization (GSO) framework for optimal parameter tuning. With a comprehensive methodology involving dataset preprocessing and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for feature selection, our model leverages ResNet-50 for feature extraction and ANN for classification tasks. Implemented in Python, the HNN-GSO model outperforms existing models, including K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), ResNet, GoogleNet, and ANN, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 98%. This success underscores the effectiveness of our approach in complex classification tasks within machine learning (ML) and pattern recognition, specifically tailored to the Thyroid Ultrasound Images (TUI) Dataset. To provide a comprehensive understanding of performance, additional statistical measures such as precision, recall, and F1 score were considered. The HNN-GSO model consistently outperformed competitors across these metrics, showcasing its superiority in MT classification. The HNN-GSO model seamlessly combines ResNet-50's feature extraction, ANN's classification robustness, and GSO's optimization for unparalleled performance. This research offers a promising framework for advancing ML methodologies, enhancing accuracy, and efficiency in classification tasks related to MT health.

Incidence of KOH Positive Elements in Chronic Discharging Ear -A Retrospective Study.

The term chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) refers to middle ear infections lasting more than three months that lead to perforated tympanic membrane. Low socioeconomic strata of the society are more likely to have the disease in developing countries. There have been many studies focusing on the bacterial flora of CSOM, but little is known about the mycological aspects, which have become increasingly important over the last few decades. The present study was aimed to speculate the presence of fungal flora responsible for the cases of CSOM among patients who attended the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of our hospital a tertiary care center. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care centre after taking the approval of the protocol review committee and institutional ethics committee. Total 100 Patients of chronic otitis media were included with no history using ear drops for last one week and using two sterile swab without touching the external auditory canal, discharge was taken from middle ear and placed in sterile container and sent for potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and observed. The age ranged from 18 months to 87 years and the mean age was 37.27+/- 12.59 years. The study population of male is 42 (41.6%) and female is 59 (58.4%). Distribution of KOH positivity observed for 33 (32.7%) and KOH negative for the study population of 68 (67.3%). When antibacterial treatment does not seem to relieve persistent otorrhea, otologists should suspect mycotic otitis media probable cause.

Assessment of Postnatal Depression by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh.

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of post partum depression and its associated risk factors among the mothers in their immediate post natal period. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and a tertiary care centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2015. Total 145 post natal mothers were screened for postnatal depression from day 5-7 following caesarean section by the validated Bangla version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. To find out the risk factors for depression baseline data included age, parity, socioeconomic conditions, educational level, and occupation, history of depression, social support, and marital support, gestational age at the time of delivery, weight and sex of the baby. Postpartum depression was noted among 12.4% cases. Maternal age, history of depression, lack of social support was found to be significantly associated with maternal depression. This small study reflected the facts that many of the postnatal mothers of our circumstances suffer from postpartum depression and needs medical attention. Screening of postpartum depression can be considered as a routine part of postpartum care.