The Effect of Breast Massage Training on Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress of Prim Parous Women: A Clinical Trial Study.

Background: Breastfeeding is a highly efficacious, health-promoting activity that prevents many disorders and diseases. Successful breastfeeding depends on various maternal physiological and psychological factors, among which breastfeeding self-efficacy is an adjustable framework. This study investigates the effect of breast massage training on self-efficacy and perceived stress in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial study on 132 eligible primiparous mothers referred to Bahar Hospital from August 15, 2019, to December 15, 2020. The women were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The massage was performed in the intervention group before breastfeeding. The data were collected using a standard breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire and the Sheldon Perceived Standard Questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and analysis of variance. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean (SD) breastfeeding self-efficacy in the breast massage training group with direct midwife involvement was 61.63 (9.21), higher than the one in the control group 51.51 (11.62). In addition, perceived stress was 19.81 in the intervention group and 24.84 in the control group, which was also statistically significant. Conclusions: Due to the increase in self-efficacy scores and decrease in stress scores after breast massage, this method can improve breastfeeding performance in women. Therefore, educational strategies should be developed in this area.

Comparison the Ability of Quantitative Trauma Severity Assessment Methods Based On GAP, RTS, and ISS Criteria in Determining the Prognosis of Accidental Patients.

Objective: To compare the ability of quantitative trauma severity assessment methods based on Glasgow coma scale, age, and arterial pressure (GAP), revised trauma score (RTS), and injury severity score (ISS) criteria in determining the prognosis of accidental patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on random patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from March 20, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The data were obtained by using a checklist includes items such as age, sex, respiration rate, oxygen saturation level, pulse rate, primary blood pressure, initial Glascow coma scale (GCS), patient outcome and injury to different parts of body. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the descriptive and analytical statistics include an independent t-test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curves. Results: Out of 1930 studied patients, 365 (18.9%) were women and 1565 (81.1%) were men. The mean age of patients was 37.05±17.11 years and women were significantly older than men. The mortality rate was 4.8% and was significantly more in men compared to women. The mean blood pressure, GCS and oxygen saturation level were lower in deceased patients. The mean GAP, ISS and RTS values were 23.13±2.69, 4.07±3.82, 7.72±0.52, respectively. The mean values of GAP and RTS were significantly low in deceased patients whereas the mean ISS value was significantly high in the deceased patients. The Area under the curve (AUS) for ISS was greater than the other two scoring systems. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that all three systems were adequately efficient to prognoses the final outcome in multi-trauma patients but the ISS measure was better than the other two criteria.

Predicting the 28-Day Mortality of Non-Trauma Patients using REMS and RAPS; a Prognostic Accuracy Study.

Introduction: Various scoring systems have been designed for calculating the mortality risk of patients. This study evaluated the accuracy of Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS) in predicting the 28-day mortality of non-trauma patients. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1003 adult non-trauma patients, who referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, in the second half of 2018, using the census sampling. We determined the screening performance characteristics of REMS and RAPS in predicting the 28-day mortality of patients. Results: This study examined 1003 non-trauma patients with a mean age of 61.5±18.05 years (60.6% male). The mean REMS (8.7 ± 3.2 vs. 6.0 ± 3.6; p < 0.001) and RAPS (3.7 ± 2.8 vs. 2.7 ± 2.0; p < 0.001) scores were significantly higher in deceased cases. Sensitivity and specificity of REMS in predicting the risk of non-trauma patients' mortality were 85.19% (95%CI: 78.05% - 90.71%) and 78.34% (95%CI: 75.45% - 81.04%), respectively. While, the Sensitivity and specificity of RAPS in this regard were 61.39% (95%CI: 53.33% - 69.02%) and 71.12% (95%CI: 67.94% - 74.16%), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of REMS and RAPS were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68 -0.75) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.56 - 0.65) in predicting the patients' 28-day mortality, respectively (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The total accuracies of REMS and RAPS in predicting the 28-day mortality of non-trauma patients were in good and poor range, respectively. The screening performance characteristics of REMS were a little better in this regard.

A comparative study of the effect of two educational methods of motivational interviewing and peers on self-efficacy of female high school students in relation to puberty health.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents experience many physical and psychological changes during adolescence. Not paying attention to the issue of girls' puberty may have a negative impact on their mental health and self-efficacy in future. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods of motivational interviews and peers on puberty health of female high school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed semi-experimental intervention on 334 high school students in 2019 through multi-stage randomization. Data using two demographic questionnaires and Scherrer self-efficacy questionnaire in three stages (pre-test, immediately after the test and one month after the test). It was collected that in the motivational interview group, 5 training sessions were presented, and in the peer group, only one training session was taught to the peers and the control group was not trained in any intervention. RESULTS: Immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention, the two intervention groups had significantly better scores in self-efficacy compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The mean score of self-efficacy in the control group in the three time periods before, immediately, and one month after the intervention, respectively (50.75 ± 5.322, 50.45 ± 5.34, 50.45 ± 5.37), in the motivational interview group (50.56 ± 5.95, 53.63 ± 5.83, 56.03 ± 6.49) and in the peer group (50.10 ± 5.62, 54.40 ± 4.28, 59.19 ± 4.43) was. Moreover, there were significant differences in self-efficacy scores within and between the groups by time (P < 0.001) in intervention groups. CONCLUSION: This study showed that puberty health education increases students' self-efficacy, that correct information should be conveyed by peers and motivational interview, and motivational interview is more effective.