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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of obesity on pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive analytic cross- sectional study was carried out. Thirty-nine (39) sedentary climacteric women, aged 45 to 60 years, were evaluated and submitted to polysomnography. The participants were divided into 4 groups: a) 'eutrophic non-OSA' (n = 13); b) 'eutrophic OSA' (n = 5); c) 'obese non-OSA' (n = 6); d) 'obese OSA' (n = 15). All subjects underwent clinical and anthropometric evaluation, followed by pulmonary function tests and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the predicted percentage values of FEV1/FVC when comparing 'eutrophic OSA' and 'obese OSA' (97.6% ± 6.1% vs. 105.7% ± 5.7%, respectively; p = 0.025). The other spirometric variables did not show any differences between the studied groups. There was no significant difference in the maximum distance walked when the 'eutrophic non-OSA', 'eutrophic OSA', 'obese non-OSA' and 'obese OSA' groups were compared. CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study, OSA itself did not influence pulmonary function or functional capacity parameters compared to eutrophic women. However, not only isolated obesity but also obesity associated with OSA can negatively impact sleep quality and lung function.
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Teste de Esforço/métodos , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Capacidade Residual Funcional/fisiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polissonografia , Comportamento Sedentário , EspirometriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of obesity on pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Subjects and methods: A descriptive analytic cross- sectional study was carried out. Thirty-nine (39) sedentary climacteric women, aged 45 to 60 years, were evaluated and submitted to polysomnography. The participants were divided into 4 groups: a) 'eutrophic non-OSA' (n = 13); b) 'eutrophic OSA' (n = 5); c) 'obese non-OSA' (n = 6); d) 'obese OSA' (n = 15). All subjects underwent clinical and anthropometric evaluation, followed by pulmonary function tests and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: There was a significant difference in the predicted percentage values of FEV1/FVC when comparing 'eutrophic OSA' and 'obese OSA' (97.6% ± 6.1% vs. 105.7% ± 5.7%, respectively; p = 0.025). The other spirometric variables did not show any differences between the studied groups. There was no significant difference in the maximum distance walked when the 'eutrophic non-OSA', 'eutrophic OSA', 'obese non-OSA' and 'obese OSA' groups were compared. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, OSA itself did not influence pulmonary function or functional capacity parameters compared to eutrophic women. However, not only isolated obesity but also obesity associated with OSA can negatively impact sleep quality and lung function.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Capacidade Residual Funcional/fisiologia , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Espirometria , Estudos Transversais , Polissonografia , Comportamento SedentárioRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: O sono é um estado natural e recorrente, no qual acontecem processos neurobiológicos importantes. A má qualidade do sono está diretamente associada com piores indicadores de saúde. A qualidade do sono pode ser medida objetiva e subjetivamente por métodos como a polissonografia, que é o padrão de referência, ou por meio de testes e questionários, como o índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP). OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a qualidade do sono com a tolerância ao esforço em pacientes portadores da síndrome da apneia/hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS). MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 63 indivíduos (57 mulheres e seis homens), média de idade de 51,7 ± 6,6 anos; índice de massa corpórea (IMC) média de 28,2 ± 5,0 kg/m2); índice de apneia/hipopneia (IAH) médio de 7,3 ± 10,50 eventos/hora, verificado através da polissonografia. Para a avaliação da qualidade do sono, os participantes responderam ao IQSP, e para a avaliação da tolerância ao esforço, realizaram o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M). RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação entre o IQSP e o TC6M (Rs = -0,103620, p = 0,419), assim como entre o IAH e o TC6M (Rs = -0, 000984, p = 0,9939). Podemos sugerir que a qualidade do sono e a gravidade da SAHOS não afetam a tolerância ao esforço dos indivíduos com SAHOS. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos com uma amostra maior, levando-se em consideração a estratificação pela gravidade da SAHOS e utilizando métodos mais acurados de avaliação da capacidade funcional, devem ser realizados, a fim de que resultados mais abrangentes possam ser obtidos. .
INTRODUCTION: Sleep is a natural and recurring state, in which important neurobiological processes take place. Poor quality of sleep is directly associated with worse health indicators. Sleep quality can be measured objectively and subjectively by methods such as polysomnography, which is the gold standard, or tests and questionnaires as the Sleep Quality Index in Pittsburgh (PSQI). OBJECTIVE: To correlate the quality of sleep with exercise tolerance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS: The study included 63 subjects (57 women and 6 men) aged 51.7 ± 6.6 years, with body mass index (BMI) 28.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2,apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) 7.3±10:50 events/hour, assessed by polysomnography. To assess the quality of sleep, participants responded the PSQI instrument and were submitted to the exercise tolerance test through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: There was no correlation between the PSQI and the 6MWT (Rs = -0.103620, p = 0.419), and between the 6MWT and the AHI (R = -0, 000984, p = 0.9939). According to the results of this work, we suggest that the quality of sleep and the severity of OSAHS did not affect the exercise tolerance of individuals with OSAHS. CONCLUSION: Studies with a larger sample, taking into account the stratification by severity of OSAHS and using more accurate methods of functional capacity evaluation should be conducted, so that more comprehensive results can be obtained. .
INTRODUCCIÓN: El sueño es un estado natural y recurrente durante el cual acontecen procesos neurobiológicos importantes. La mala calidad del sueño está asociada directamente con peores indicadores de salud. La calidad del sueño puede ser medida objetiva y subjetivamente mediante métodos como la polisomnografía,, que es el estándar de referencia, o pruebas y cuestionarios como el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), OBJETIVO: Correlacionar la calidad del sueño con la tolerancia al esfuerzo en pacientes portadores del síndrome de la apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS). MÉTODOS: Participaron en el estudio 63 individuos (57 mujeres y seis hombres), edad promedio de 51,7 ± 6,6 años; índice de masa corpórea (IMC) 28,2 ± 5,0 kg/m2); índice de apnea/hipopnea (IAH) 7,3 ± 10,50 eventos/hora, verificado por medio de la polisomnografía. Para la evaluación de la calidad del sueño, los participantes respondieron al ICSP y para la evaluación de la tolerancia al esfuerzo, realizaron la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M). RESULTADOS: No hubo correlación entre el ICSP y la PC6M (Rs = -0,103620, p = 0,419), ni entre el IAH y la PC6M (Rs = -0, 000984, p = 0,9939). Podemos sugerir que la calidad del sueño y la gravedad del SAHOS no afectan a la tolerancia al esfuerzo de los individuos con SAHOS. CONCLUSIÓN: Se deben realizar los estudios con una muestra mayor, teniéndose en consideración la estratificación según la gravedad del SAHOS y utilizándose métodos más precisos para evaluación de la capacidad funcional, a fin de que se puedan obtener resultados de más alcance. .
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PURPOSE: To investigate whether 12 week inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has any impact on pulmonary function, maximum respiratory pressures and diaphragmatic mobility (DM) in morbidly obese subjects. METHOD: Thirty-one morbidly obese individuals were assessed. Volunteers were randomised into two groups. The IMT group (n = 16) followed an IMT protocol for 12 weeks, with a training load of 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax). The control group (CG) (n = 15) followed the same protocol but without inspiratory load. RESULTS: A total of 14 subjects performed IMT for 12 weeks. Significant increases in PImax (-86.86 ± -20.70 cmH2O versus -106.43 ± -32.97 cmH2O, p < 0.05) and maximal voluntary ventilation (97.84 ± 37.06 L/min versus 115.17 ± 34.17 L/min, p < 0.05) were observed in the IMT group when compared to baseline. However, only FIV1 significantly differed between the IMT group and the CG after the 12 week protocol (3.35 ± 0.96 L versus 2.22 ± 1.07 L, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in DM after the IMT protocol was performed. CONCLUSION: IMT improved PImax and altered the FIV1. These results suggest that the improvements in muscular respiratory efficiency were insufficient to mobilise the diaphragm and modify ventilation mechanics. Pre-operative IMT may be a valuable approach in obese patients for preventing post-operative pulmonary complications. http://clinicaltrials.org -- NCT01449643 -- The Influence of IMT on Diaphragmatic Mobility in Morbidly Obese. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Morbid Obesity Morbid obesity is a disabling condition that has a serious negative impact on lung function, respiratory muscle function and quality of life. Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) is a technique which aims to improve pulmonary expansion and to prevent post surgery complications on morbid obese individuals. This study shows significantly increased on maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal voluntary ventilation and promoted changes on spirometric variables after IMT.