Asemeia ovata (Polygalaceae): Quantitative determination and evaluation in silico of identified substances by HPLC-DAD.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the Asemeia genus has 19 species (12 endemic) and 2 varieties (both endemic) and some of them are found in semi-arid Bahia. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine identified substances by HPLC-DAD in Asemeia ovata extracts and to predict their biological activities in silico. METHOD: The quantification method by HPLC-DAD has been validated according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization. The prediction in silico activities was made by Target Fishing methods (TF), followed by docking by the program DOCK 6.7 and assessment of interaction profiles for Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler server. RESULTS: It was possible to identify and quantify using HPLC-DAD substances: rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid. The ChemProt 2.0 server was selected for TF method, which has shown potential activity of compounds on molecular targets such as Carbonic anhydrase 12, epidermal growth factor receptor and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. CONCLUSION: This work provides new results for the species both from a biological and chemical point of view, and has interesting potential to be discovered with the prospect of further studies.

The Flora of Paraíba State, Brazil: subfamilies Ajugoideae and Viticoideae (Lamiaceae) / Flora da Paraíba, Brasil: subfamílias Ajugoideae e Viticoideae (Lamiaceae)

Abstract: The Lamiaceae family includes about 7,000 species allocated in 236 genera, with almost cosmopolitan distribution, currently divided into nine subfamilies. In Brazil 46 genera and 525 species occur, distributed in four subfamilies. Among these subfamilies, Ajugoideae and Viticoideae were originally parts of the Verbenaceae family, being transferred to Lamiaceae as a result of several systematic studies on the two families. Ajugoideae is characterized by having drupes with four mericarps, non-persistent styles and pollen grains with exine formed by granular and branched columns. On the other hand, Viticoideae is characterized to have drupes with 4-locular pyrenes or 2 2-locular pyrenes and exine microreticulate or slightly rough. We present here the results of a taxonomic survey of the subfamilies Ajugoideae and Viticoideae (Lamiaceae) for Paraíba State, Brazil, based on excursions to collect fertile material, analyses of specimens incorporated into herbaria in Paraíba (ACAM, CSTR, EAN and JPB) and Pernambuco State (IPA and PEUFR), and consultations of the SpeciesLink and Herbário Virtual REFLORA databases. Identifications were based on the specialized literature and the examination of type and protolog specimens. Ten species belonging to three genera, five belonging to the subfamily Ajugoideae (Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq.) Moldenke, A. luschnathii Schauer, A. pernambucensis Moldenke, A. verticillata Vell. and Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke) and five to the subfamily Viticoideae (Vitex gardneriana Schauer, V. megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke, V. orinocensis Kunth, V. rufescens A. Juss. and V. schaueriana Moldenke) were recorded. The taxonomic treatment includes a key to identify genera and species, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, geographic distribution, habitats and phenological data of the species.

Resumo: A família Lamiaceae engloba cerca de 7.000 espécies alocadas em 236 gêneros, com distribuição quase cosmopolita, atualmente dividida em nove subfamílias. No Brasil ocorrem 46 gêneros e 525 espécies, distribuídas em quatro subfamílias. Dentre estas subfamílias, Ajugoideae e Viticoideae eram originalmente partes da família Verbenaceae, sendo transferidas para Lamiaceae como resultado de diversos estudos sistemáticos sobre as duas famílias. Ajugoideae caracteriza-se por possuir drupas com quatro mericarpos, estiletes não persistentes e grãos de pólen com exina formada por colunas granulares e ramificadas. Por outro lado, Viticoideae caracteriza-se por possuir drupas com um pirênio 4-locular ou 2 pirênios 2-loculares e exina microrreticulada ou levemente rugosa. O presente trabalho compreende o levantamento taxonômico das subfamílias Ajugoideae e Viticoideae (Lamiaceae) para o estado da Paraíba, Brasil. O estudo foi baseado em espécimes coletados em campo, na análise de coleções depositadas nos herbários ACAM, CSTR, EAN, IPA, JPB e PEURF) e na consulta às bases de dados SpeciesLink e Herbário Virtual REFLORA. Foram registradas 10 espécies em três gêneros, sendo cinco pertencentes à subfamília Ajugoideae (Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq.) Moldenke, A. luschnathii Schauer, A. pernambucensis Moldenke, A. verticillata Vell. e Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke) e cinco à subfamília Viticoideae (Vitex gardneriana Schauer, V. megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke, V. orinocensis Kunth., V. rufescens A. Juss. e V. schaueriana Moldenke). O tratamento taxonômico inclui uma chave para identificação dos gêneros e das espécies, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, distribuição geográfica, hábitats e dados fenológicos das espécies.