An Unusual Case of Bicuspid Aortic Valve With Prolapse Masquerading as Cusp Perforation.

We present a unique clinical scenario of a 58-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension who initially presented with chest pain and was ruled in for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) but rapidly developed respiratory failure secondary to aortic insufficiency complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS), attributed to aortic valve prolapse. Intriguingly, the patient had a normal ECG on presentation, underscoring the dynamic nature of valvular pathology. The development of CS highlights the importance of early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and interdisciplinary management in such complex cases.

Caregiver greeting to infants under 6 months already reflects emerging differences in those later diagnosed with autism.

As infants develop, caregivers adjust their behaviour to scaffold their infant's emerging skills, such that changes in infants' social abilities are expected to elicit changes in caregiver behaviour. We examined whether changes in the probability of infant-directed caregiving behaviour-specifically, greeting, a ubiquitous signal used by caregivers to initiate reciprocal interactions-differ between infant-caregiver dyads with an infant later diagnosed with autism and dyads with a neurotypically developing infant during infants' first 6 months. Using longitudinal data from 163 dyads, we found that caregivers in autism dyads (n = 40) used greeting less and at later infant ages than caregivers with a neurotypically developing infant (neurotypical dyads, n = 83). Caregivers in dyads with infants at elevated familial genetic likelihood for autism who did not receive an autism diagnosis (EL-non-autism dyads, n = 40) showed no differences in greeting compared with neurotypical dyads. Socioeconomic status partially mediated the difference between autism and neurotypical dyads. These findings show that autism and socioeconomic status were associated with the mutually adapted dynamics of dyadic interaction beginning in the first postnatal weeks. Importantly, differences in caregiver greeting observed in autism dyads are not interpreted as suboptimal behaviour from caregivers but rather indicate how early emerging social differences related to autism, years before overt features are present, may alter social learning opportunities elicited by the infant.

Situational analysis of women empowerment in urban field practice area of Dr. M. K. Shah Medical College and Research Center, Ahmedabad.

Introduction: Women empowerment in society and family are closely linked to decision-making. Empowerment of women is essentially the process of upliftment of economic, social, and political status of women, the traditionally underprivileged ones, in society. It involves the building up of a society wherein women can breathe without the fear of oppression, exploitation, apprehension, discrimination, and the general feeling of persecution which goes with being a woman in a traditionally male dominated society. The present study was conducted to assess women's empowerment status and factors affecting it. Material and Method: Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 175 women residing in urban field practice area of Dr. M. K. Shah Medical College and Research Centre, Ahmedabad. A pre-designed questionnaire was used for data collection by interviewing the women through house to house survey. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Result: Around 85.71% of women were involved in decisions regarding trivial issues. A total of 17.72% of the women reported that they had suffered some form of domestic violence in their life. Around 23% of the women were not involved in any financial decisions of the family. Association between education of the women and involvement in decision-making was found statistically significant. Employment increases the participation of women in financial decision-making. 88.89% of employed women participated in financial decisions, while 71.42% of housewives were participating in these decisions. Conclusion: Education and employment were found to have impact on decision-making. So, education of girls should be given the priority.