Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Oman, 2006-2015.

BACKGROUND: In 1996, Oman launched its surveillance programme for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) to address vaccine safety concerns. In 2010, an analysis of surveillance activities for AEFI was done for 10 years (1996-2005). OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the study was to describe the trend of AEFI over the 10-year period, 2006-2015, and compare the findings with a previous report in Oman and reports from other countries. METHODS: A descriptive record-based review of AEFI was carried out using the national AEFI surveillance database for the study period, 2006-2015. RESULTS: A total of 890 adverse event reports were received, giving an annual rate during the review period of 21.4 per 100 000 population or 8.3 per 100 000 doses administered. The most frequently reported AEFI were BCG adenitis and local reactions - 31.1 and 4.1 per 100 000 doses respectively. There were no reported deaths. Pentavalent vaccine was responsible for the greatest proportion of adverse events (30%). Local reaction was the most common adverse event among all vaccines administered. The Hexa vaccine caused fewer adverse events compared with the pentavalent vaccine, probably due to the acellular pertussis component - 0.8 versus 1.5 per 100 000 doses administered respectively. CONCLUSION: The overall rate of AEFI (8.3 per 100 000 doses administered) is comparable to the rate (10.8/100 000 doses) in the previous decade (1996-2005) in Oman. The reported rates for individual vaccines are similar to or below international rates.

Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Oman, 2006-2015

Background: In 1996, Oman launched its surveillance programme for adverse events following immunization [AEFI] to address vaccine safety concerns. In 2010, an analysis of surveillance activities for AEFI was done for 10 years [1996-2005]. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to describe the trend of AEFI over the 10-year period, 2006-2015, and compare the findings with a previous report in Oman and reports from other countries. Methods: A descriptive record-based review of AEFI was carried out using the national AEFI surveillance database for the study period, 2006-2015. Results: A total of 890 adverse event reports were received, giving an annual rate during the review period of 21.4 per 100 000 population or 8.3 per 100 000 doses administered. The most frequently reported AEFI were BCG adenitis and local reactions - 31.1 and 4.1 per 100 000 doses respectively. There were no reported deaths. Pentavalent vaccine was responsible for the greatest proportion of adverse events [30%]. Local reaction was the most common adverse event among all vaccines administered. The Hexa vaccine caused fewer adverse events compared with the pentavalent vaccine, probably due to the acellular pertussis component – 0.8 versus 1.5 per 100 000 doses administered respectively. Conclusion: The overall rate of AEFI [8.3 per 100 000 doses administered] is comparable to the rate [10.8/100 000 doses] in the previous decade [1996-2005] in Oman. The reported rates for individual vaccines are similar to or below international rates

Contexte : En 1996, Oman a lancé son programme de surveillance des manifestations postvaccinales indésirables [MAPI] afin de répondre aux préoccupations sur la sécurité des vaccins. En 2010, une analyse des activités de surveillance des MAPI a été menée sur une période de 10 ans [1996-2005]. Objectifs : La présente étude avait pour objectif principal de décrire la tendance de la surveillance des MAPI sur une période de 10 ans [2006-2015] et de comparer les résultats obtenus avec un rapport produit antérieurement à Oman ainsi que des rapports provenant d'autres pays. Méthodes : Un examen descriptif des MAPI basé sur les dossiers médicaux de patients a été réalisé à l'aide de la base de données nationale de la surveillance des MAPI sur la période de l'étude [2006-2015]. Résultats : Au total, 890 rapports de manifestations indésirables ont été reçus, correspondant à un taux de 21,4 pour 100 000 personnes, soit 8,3 pour 100 000 doses administrées sur la période de l'examen. Les MAPI les plus fréquemment rapportées étaient l'adénite à BCG et les réactions locales - 31,1 et 4,1 pour 100 000 doses respectivement. Il n'y avait pas de cas rapportés de décès. Le vaccin pentavalent était responsable de la plus grande proportion de manifestations indésirables [30 %]. Les réactions locales étaient la manifestation indésirable la plus courante parmi tous les vaccins administrés. Le vaccin hexavalent était à l'origine de moins de manifestations indésirables que le vaccin pentavalent, probablement du fait du composant anticoquelucheux acellulaire - 0,8 contre 1,5 pour 100 000 doses administrées respectivement. Conclusion : Le taux global de MAPI [8,3 pour 100 000 doses administrées] est comparable au taux [10,8/100 000 doses] de la décennie précédente [1996-2005] à Oman. Les taux rapportés pour les vaccins individuels sont similaires ou inférieurs aux taux internationaux

الخلفية: أطلقت عُمان في عام 1996 برنامجها لترصُّد الأحداث الضارة التالية للتطعيم بغية التصدي لمخاوف سلامة اللقاحات. وفي عام 2010،2005-أُجري تحليل لأنشطة الترصد المتعلقة بالأحداث الضارة التالية للتطعيم لمدة عشر سنوات 1996،2015- الأهداف: تمثلت الأهداف الرئيسية للدراسة في وصف اتجاهات الأحداث الضارة التالية للتطعيم خلال فترة عشر سنوات، 2006ومقارنة استتنتاجاتها بتقرير سابق صدر في عمان وبتقارير من بلدان أخرى.طرق البحث: أُجري استعراض وصفي مستند إلى سجلات الأحداث الضارة التالية للتطعيم باستخدام قاعدة البيانات الوطنية للأحداث الضارة2015- التالية للتطعيم خلال فترة الدراسة 2006النتائج: ورد ما مجموعه 890 بلاغاً عن أحداث ضارة، مما وصل بالمعدل السنوي خلال الفترة المشمولة بالاستعراض إلى 21.4 حادثة لكل 100000 شخص أو 8.3 حادثة لكل 100000جرعة معطاة. وشملت أكثر الأحداث الضارة المبلغ عنها التهاب العقد اللمفية التالي للقاح المضاد لعصيات كالميت - جوران والتفاعلات الموضعية - 31.1 و 4.1 لكل 100000جرعة على التوالي. ولم يُبلغ عن أي وفيات. ويتحمل التطعيم - 31.1 و 4.1 لكل الخماسي النسبة الأكبر من المسؤولية عن الأحداث الضارة 30 %. وشكّل التفاعل الموضعي أكثر الأحداث الضارة شيوعاً بين جميع التطعيماتالمعطاة. وجاءت الأحداث الضارة الناجمة عن اللقاح السداسي أقل من التطعيم الخماسي، وربما يعود السبب في ذلك إلى مكون السعال الديكي اللاخلوي - 0.8 لكل 100000 جرعة معطاة على التوالي. الاستنتاج: يمكن مقارنة المعدل الكلي للأحداث الضارة التالية للتطعيم 8.3 لكل100000 جرعة معطاه بالعدل 10.8/100000 جرعة المسجل في العقد السابق السابق 1996-2005 فى عمان و تماثل معدلات اللقاحات الفردية المبلغ عنها المعدلات الدولية او تقل عنها

Dengue epidemiological trend in Oman: a 13-year national surveillance and strategic proposition of imported cases.

Dengue fever has emerged as a major public health problem globally in the past three decades. A 13-year national surveillance data analysis was done to describe the epidemiology and its trend of dengue disease in Oman reported between 2001 and 2013. Laboratory-confirmed dengue virus infections reported were studied retrospectively during the study period. A total of 64 laboratory confirmed cases were reported. All the patients contracted the disease during their visit to South-East Asian countries, hence classified as imported cases. The majority of the cases were reported in the year 2012 (23.4%). The most important clinical characteristics were fever (90.6%), myalgia (35.9%) and rash/petechial rash (20.3%). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 31.2% of the study subjects. The mortality was nearly 4.6% and all other patients made a full recovery. The most effective measure for travellers is taking precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

Profile of fetal deaths in dhahira region, oman.

OBJECTIVES: To study the profile of reported fetal death cases and describe the circumstances under which these deaths occurred. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series study of 154 fetal deaths that occurred in the entire Dhahira region health institutions during a 5 year period (January 2000 and December 2004). The fetal death notification form and mortality meeting summaries were used to ascertain the possible causative factors of fetal death. RESULTS: There were a total of 16923 births and 154 fetal deaths in the region, with fetal death rate of 9.1/1000 total births for the study period. The mean age of the mothers at admission was 29.5 ± 7.3 years. The most common factors related to fetal deaths were congenital anomalies (18.2%) followed by, cord abnormalities (16.9%), IUGR (15.5%), hypertension (14.9%), polyhydramnios (13.6%), gestational diabetes (12.2%), Rh incompatibility (9.7%) and abruptio placentae (6.5%). Approximately 50% of the mothers had a previous pregnancy history of IUGR, preterm, LBW, polyhydramnios, abortion and fetal death. The important contributing factors of fetal death were anemia (47.9%) that needed further investigation. Advanced maternal age, grand multiparity and overweight were also the important associated factors of fetal death in Dhahira region. CONCLUSION: The patients with a previous history of fetal demise should be managed under high risk category with close antepartum surveillance, especially in the last trimester, so as to reduce intrauterine fetal deaths which are mostly attributable to preventable causes.

Intestinal parasitic infections among school children of the Dhahira Region of Oman.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children in Dhahira region of Oman. METHODS: The study took place in the Dhahira region of Oman from September 2004 to March 2005. We randomly recruited 436 students of 9-10 years of age. Their anthropometric measurements were noted. We collected the stool sample of each student and examined for different intestinal parasites. Stereoscopic microscopy and the World Health Organization's approved KATO-KATZ technique were used. RESULTS: Of the 436 students examined, 65 children (15%) were undernourished (body mass index (BMI) <14 kg/m(2)). The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 38.7% (95% CI 33.2-42.2). The prevalence of protozoan infection was 36% while helminth infection was 9.4%. The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar was 24%, Giardia species 10.5% and Escherichia coli 1.4%. The hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus), Ascariasis lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepiasis nana, Taenia species, Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides infections in our study had very low prevalence. Only 29 (6.4%) students had parasitic infection by more than one parasite. The wet zone was significantly associated to the intestinal parasitic infections [Adjusted odds ratio (OR)=3.2 (95% CI 1.9-5.2)]. CONCLUSION: Dhahira region could be classified as low prevalence and low intensity area for soil transmitted helminths infections. However, the magnitude of the protozoan infection was high. The school health program should focus on parasitic infection treatment and addressing the underlying causes of this problem.