RESUMO
An attempt to find out the male contraceptive molecule of plant origin, the extracts of seeds of Momordica charantia were tested in male mice. Petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanolic extracts of Momordica charantia were administered at the dose level of 25mg/100gm body weight to the albino mice for 48 days intraperitoneally. All the extracts showed antispermatogenic effect as the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa were decreased. The increase in the weight of epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle and vas deferens indicates clearly the androgenic property of these extracts. After subjecting to preliminary phytochemical screening ethanol extract showed positive tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, oils and fats. Out of the three extracts tested, the ethanol extract seems to be more potent in its contraceptive and androgenic activities.
En un intento por descubrir la molécula de anticoncepción masculina de origen vegetal, fueron probados los extractos de semillas de Momordica charantia en ratones machos. Extractos de éter de petróleo, cloroformo y etanol de Momordica charantia fueron administrados en dosis de 25mg/100g de peso corporal a ratones albinos de 48 días por vía intraperitoneal. Todos los extractos mostraron un efecto antiespermatogénicos, con reducción del número de espermatogonias, espermatocitos, espermátidas y espermatozoides. El aumento de peso del epidídimo, próstata, vesículas seminales y conductos deferentes indica claramente la propiedad androgénica de estos extractos. Después de someter el extracto de etanol a la detección preliminar fitoquímica se observaron resultados positivos para alcaloides, flavonoides, glucósidos, fenoles, taninos, aceites y grasas. De los tres extractos probados, el extracto de etanol parece ser más potente en sus actividades de anticonceptivas y androgénicas.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Espermatozoides , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Momordica charantia/toxicidade , Sementes/toxicidade , Androgênios , Antiespermatogênicos/farmacologia , Etanol , Espermatogênese , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Genitália MasculinaRESUMO
Calotes versicolor, collected during peak breeding and nonbreeding season were used for the study of anatomy and histophysiology of pituitary gland. In C. versicolor the pituitary gland is small compact mass attached to the hypothalamus by a delicate stalk. It is of two basic units, adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis includes pars distalis (PD) and pars intermedia (PI). The pars tuberalis (PT) which is usually reduced in reptiles, is absent in C. versicolor. The neurohypophysis is composed of median eminence (MI) and neural lobe or pars nervosa (PN). The anterior PD is rich acidophils than the posterior PD during breeding season. These cells are differentiated as A1 and A2 cells. The A1 cells are erythrosinophilic and stained purple or red and A2 cells stained yellow with orange G. The identified A1 cells are regarded as lactophores and A2 cells are regarded as somatotropes. The secretion of these cells and cell number is reduced during nonbreeding season. The basophils of PD are PAS +, AF + and aniline blue + during breeding season. These cells are classified as B1 and B2 cells depending on their size and location. The large B2 cells are present in cords and B1 cells are located closely to these parts. The B1 and B2 cells are regarded as thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs respectively. During nonbreeding these cells show negative response to the above stain. The PI is large and labulated. The cells are AF+, erythrosine and secrete highly granular material during breeding season. During nonbreeding season they become AF-, erythrosine- and less secretory. The secretion present in neurosecretory cells of the neural lobe appears as large granules and they are AF+. These cells take deep blue stain indicating rich neurosecretory material during both breeding and nonbreeding season. The median eminence (MI) is located at the anterior part of neurohypophysis and sends portal capillaries to adenohypophysis.
Calotes versicolor, recolectadoss durante el peak de la temporada no reproductiva y la reproductiva fueron utilizados para el estudio de la anatomía e histofisiología de la glándula pituitaria. En C. versicolor la glándula pituitaria es una masa compacta y pequeña unida al hipotálamo por un tallo delgado. Se trata de dos unidades básicas, adenohipófisis y neurohipófisis. La adenohipófisis incluye la pars distalis (PD) y la pars intermedia (PI). La pars tuberalis (PT), usualmente reducida en reptiles, está ausente en C. versicolor. La neurohipófisis está compuesta por una eminencia media (EM) y el lóbulo neural o pars nerviosa (PN). La PD anterior es más rica en acidófilos que la PD posterior durante la temporada de reproducción. Estas células se diferencian como células A1 y A2. Las células A1 son eritrosinofílicas y se tiñen de color púrpura o rojo y A2 son teñidas de amarillo con anaranjado G. Las células identificadas A1 se consideran lactóforas y las células A2 se consideran somatotropas. La secreción de estas células y el número de células se reduce durante la temporada no reproductiva. Las basófilas de la PD son PAS+, AF+ y azul anilina + durante la temporada de cría. Estas células se clasifican como las células B1 y B2 en función de su tamaño y ubicación. Las grandes células B2 están presentes en cordones y B1 se encuentran localizadas cerca de estas partes. Las células B2 y B1 se consideran tirotrofos y gonadotrofos respectivamente. Durante la temporada no reproductiva de estas células muestran una respuesta negativa a la tinción anterior. La PI es grande y labulada. Las células son AF+, eritrosina+ y secretan material altamente granular, durante la temporada de cría. Durante la temporada no reproductiva se convierten en AF-, eritrosina- y de menos secreción. La secresión presente en las células neurosecretoras del lóbulo neural aparece en forma de gránulos grandes y es AF+. Estas células toman una profunda tinción azul indicando el rico material..
Assuntos
Animais , Hipófise/anatomia & histologia , Hipófise/metabolismo , Lagartos/anatomia & histologia , Lagartos/metabolismo , Cruzamento , Histocitoquímica , ReproduçãoRESUMO
Ethanol extract of whole plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var. cucumerina was evaluated for antiovulatory activity in adult rats. The ethanol extract at the doses 200 and 400mg/kg body weight (orally) affected the normal estrous cycle showing a significant increase in estrus and metestrus phases and decrease in diestras and proestrus phases. The extract also significantly reduced the number of healthy follicles (Class I-Class VI) and corpora lutea and increased the number of regressing follicles (Stage IA, Stage IB, Stage IIA, and Stage IIB). The protein and glycogen content in the ovaries were significantly reduced in treated rats. The cholesterol level was significantly increased, whereas, the enzyme activities like 3b-HSD and 17b-HSD were significantly inhibited in the ovary of treated rats. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly reduced in the treated groups were measured by RIA. In acute toxicity test, neither mortality nor change in the behavior or any other physiological activities in mice were observed in the treated groups. In chronic toxicity studies, no mortality was recorded and there were no significant differences in the body and organ weights were observed between controls and treated rats. Hematological analysis showed no significant differences in any of the parameters examined (RBC, WBC count and Hemoglobin estimation). These observations showed the antiovulatory activity of ethanol extract of whole plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var. cucumerina in female albino rats.
El extracto de etanol de toda la planta de Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina (L.) se evaluó en cuanto a su actividad antiovulatoria en ratas adultas. El extracto de etanol en dosis de 200 y 400mg/kg de peso corporal (oral) afectó el ciclo normal estral, mostrando un aumentó significativo en las fases de estro y metaestro y la disminución de las fases de diestro y proestro. El extracto también redujo significativamente el número de folículos sanos (Clase I=Clase VI) y cuerpo lúteo y aumentó el número de folículos en regresión (etapa I, etapa IB, etapa II y etapa IIB). La proteína y el contenido de glucógeno en los ovarios se redujeron significativamente en las ratas tratadas. El nivel de colesterol aumentó significativamente, mientras que, actividad de las enzimas 3b-HSD y 17b-HSD se inhibió significativamente en el ovario de ratas tratadas. FSH sérico y los niveles de LH se redujeron significativamente en los grupos tratados y medidos por RÍA. En la prueba de toxicidad aguda, no hubo mortalidad ni cambio en el comportamiento fisiológico o de cualquier otra actividad en los grupos tratados de ratas. En estudios de toxicidad crónica, no se registró mortalidad y no hubo diferencias significativas en el peso corporal o el peso de los órganos entre los controles y las ratas tratadas. Los análisis hematológicos no mostraron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los parámetros examinados (eritrocitos, recuento de glóbulos blancos y estimación de hemoglobina). Estas observaciones mostraron la actividad antiovulatoria del extracto de etanol de toda la planta de Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina en ratas albinas hembras.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Anovulação/induzido quimicamente , Anovulação/veterinária , Trichosanthes/efeitos adversos , Trichosanthes/química , Trichosanthes/toxicidade , Ciclo Estral , Folículo Ovariano , Folículo Ovariano/embriologia , Gonadotropinas/sangueRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the antifertility activity of various extracts of Crotalaria juncea seeds in male mice. METHODS: Adult male mice were gavaged the petroleum ether, benzene and ethanol extracts of C. juncea seeds, 25 mg x (100g)(-1) x day(-1) for 30 days. On day 31 the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland and levator ani were dissected out and weighed. The organs were processed for biochemical and histological examination. RESULTS: In petroleum ether, benzene and ethanol extracts treated rats, there was a decrease in the weights of testis and accessory reproductive organs. The diameters of the testis and seminiferous tubules were decreased. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in the testis and the sperm count in cauda epididymis were also decreased. There was a significant reduction in the protein and glycogen contents and an increase in the cholesterol content in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens. Of the 3 extracts, the ethanol extract appeared to be the most potent in antispermatogenic activity. When the ethanol extract was tested in immature male mice, there was an antiandrogenic effect as the weights of accessory organs were reduced. CONCLUSION: The various extracts of C. juncea seeds arrest spermatogenesis and are likely to have an antiandrogenic activity.
Assuntos
Antiespermatogênicos/farmacologia , Crotalaria/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Animais , Colesterol/análise , Epididimo/anatomia & histologia , Epididimo/química , Glicogênio/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Seminais/anatomia & histologia , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/química , Testículo/citologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/farmacologia , Ducto Deferente/anatomia & histologia , Ducto Deferente/químicaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the antifertility activity of the ethanolic extract of Amalakyadi churna by oral administration in male albino mice. METHODS: The ethanol extract of Amalakyadi churna at the dose of 250 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally for 30 days to adult male mice. On day 31, the mice were sacrificed and the testis and accessory reproductive organs were removed and weighed. The organs were processed for biochemical estimation and histological work. RESULTS: Treatment with Amalakyadi churna resulted in decrease in the weights of testis and accessory reproductive organs. The diameters of testis, seminiferous tubules and Leydig cell nucleus were decreased. The spermatogenic elements, like spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in the testis were reduced significantly as well as the sperm count in cauda epididymis. There was a significant reduction in the protein, glycogen, DNA and RNA contents and the activity of acid phosphatase in the testis of extract treated mice compared with the control. The cholesterol content and the alkaline phophatase activity were increased significantly in treated mice. CONCLUSION: Amalakyadi churna extract arrests spermatogenesis in male mice without noticeable side effects.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Misturas Complexas/química , DNA/biossíntese , Frutas/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Biossíntese de Proteínas , RNA/biossíntese , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/enzimologia , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMO
Histological and biochemical studies carried out on the male reproductive organs of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor after the treatment with pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH), showed a significant increase in the weight, protein content and diameter of testis, but decrease in its cholesterol. The spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids increased significantly in the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubule, and spermatozoa appeared in its lumen. The Leydig and Sertoli cells were hypertrophied with increase in their nuclear diameter. The epidymal weight, diameter and protein content also increased after gonadotrophins treatment. There was a significant decrease in the testicular cholesterol indicating the utilization of cholesterol for steroid hormone synthesis. The combined gonadotrophin (FSH + LH) treatment was more effective than the individual gonadotrophin treatment.