Metal-ion doping in metal-organic-frameworks: modulating the electronic structure and local coordination for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity.

The doping of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with metal-ions has emerged as a powerful strategy for enhancing their catalytic performance. Doping allows for the tailoring of the electronic structure and local coordination environment of MOFs, thus imparting on them unique properties and enhanced functionalities. This frontier article discusses the impact of metal-ion doping on the electronic structure and local coordination of MOFs, highlighting the effects on their electrocatalytic properties in relation to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The fundamental mechanisms underlying these modifications are explored, while recent advances, challenges, and prospects in the field are discussed. In addition, experimental techniques that can be applied to tackle the realization of effective metal-ion doping of MOFs are also noted briefly.

1-D arrays of porous Mn0.21Co2.79O4 nanoneedles with an enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction.

Developing effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that are highly efficient, abundantly available, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly is critical to improving the overall efficiency of water splitting and the large-scale development of water splitting technologies. We, herein, introduce a facile synthetic strategy for depositing the self-supported arrays of 1D-porous nanoneedles of a manganese cobalt oxide (Mn0.21Co2.79O4: MCO) thin film demonstrating an enhanced electrocatalytic activity for OER in an alkaline electrolyte. For this, an MCO film was synthesized via thermal treatment of a hydroxycarbonate film obtained from a hydrothermal route. The deposited films were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In contrast to a similar 1D-array of a pristine Co3O4 (CO) nanoneedle film, the MCO film exhibits a remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic performance in the OER with an 85 mV lower overpotential for the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm-2. In addition, the MCO film also demonstrates long-term electrochemical stability for the OER in 1.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte.

Escalating Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on MoSe2@Graphene Functionalization.

Developing highly efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is crucial for addressing the energy and environmental challenges. Among the 2D-layered chalcogenides, MoSe2 possesses superior features for HER catalysis. The van der Waals attractions and high surface energy, however, stack the MoSe2 layers, resulting in a loss of edge active catalytic sites. In addition, MoSe2 suffers from low intrinsic conductivity and weak electrical contact with active sites. To overcome the issues, this work presents a novel approach, wherein the in situ incorporated diethylene glycol solvent into the interlayers of MoSe2 during synthesis when treated thermally in an inert atmosphere at 600 °C transformed into graphene (Gr). This widened the interlayer spacing of MoSe2, thereby exposing more HER active edge sites with high conductivity offered by the incorporated Gr. The resulting MoSe2-Gr composite exhibited a significantly enhanced HER catalytic activity compared to the pristine MoSe2 in an acidic medium and demonstrated a superior HER catalytic activity compared to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst, particularly at a high current density beyond ca. 55 mA cm-2. Additionally, the MoSe2-Gr catalyst demonstrated long-term electrochemical stability during HER. This work, thus, presents a facile and novel approach for obtaining an efficient MoSe2 electrocatalyst applicable in green hydrogen production.

Accelerating glucose electrolysis on Cu-doped MIL-88B for an energy efficient anodic reaction in water splitting.

This work reports a promising and sustainable method for valorization of abundantly available biomass feedstocks to overcome the thermodynamic high energy barrier of the OER via glucose electrolysis as a proxy anodic reaction, thereby driving the energy-efficient water splitting for green hydrogen generation. For this, a robust and efficient MIL-88B(Fe) based electrocatalyst is engineered via Cu doping. The ultrasonically prepared Cu-doped@ MIL-88B ink when drop-cast on nickel foam (NF) produces thin nano-porous 2D-sheet like films having a thickness of ca. 300 nm and demonstrates an excellent glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) with a lower potential of 1.35 V versus RHE at 10 mA cm-2. In addition, this electrode shows outstanding long-term electrochemical durability for 50 h and exhibits the maximum GOR current load of 350 mA cm-2 at 1.48 V vs. RHE, while the pristine MIL-88B based electrode exhibits a current load of only 180 mA cm-2 at the same potential bias. The remarkably higher current density after doping indicates an accelerated GOR, which is ascribed to the electronic structure modulation of the Fe nodes by Cu, thereby enhancing the active sites and charge transport characteristics of the frameworks. Most importantly, the MOF-based electrodes demonstrate the occurrence of the GOR prior to the OER at a large potential difference, hence assisting the energy-efficient water splitting for green hydrogen production.

Cu@Fe-Redox Capacitive-Based Metal-Organic Framework Film for a High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode.

A metal-organic framework (MOF) is a highly porous material with abundant redox capacitive sites for intercalation/de-intercalation of charges and, hence, is considered promising for electrode materials in supercapacitors. In addition, dopants can introduce defects and alter the electronic structure of the MOF, which can affect its surface reactivity and electrochemical properties. Herein, we report a copper-doped iron-based MOF (Cu@Fe-MOF/NF) thin film obtained via a simple drop-cast route on a 3D-nickel foam (NF) substrate for the supercapacitor application. The as-deposited Cu@Fe-MOF/NF electrodes exhibit a unique micro-sized bipyramidal structure composited with nanoparticles, revealing a high specific capacitance of 420.54 F g-1 at 3 A g-1 which is twice compared to the nano-cuboidal Fe-MOF/NF (210 F g-1). Furthermore, the asymmetric solid-state (ASSSC) supercapacitor device, derived from the assembly of Cu@Fe-MOF/NFǁrGO/NF electrodes, demonstrates superior performance in terms of energy density (44.20 Wh.kg-1) and electrochemical charge-discharge cycling durability with 88% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. This work, thus, demonstrates a high potentiality of the Cu@Fe-MOF/NF film electrodes in electrochemical energy-storing devices.

Tunning the Zeolitic Imidazole Framework (ZIF8) through the Wet Chemical Route for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Utilizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) poses a significant challenge that demands a facile synthesis method to produce uniform and nanometer-scale materials with high surface areas while achieving high yields. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and cost-effective strategy to systematically produce ZIF8 nanocrystals. Typically, ZIF8 nanocrystal synthesis involves a wet chemical route. As the reaction time decreased (150, 120, and 90 min), the size of the ZIF8 crystals decreased with uniform morphology, and productivity reached as high as 89%. The composition of the product was confirmed through XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. The ZIF8 synthesized with different reaction time was finally employed for catalyzing the electrochemical hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER). The optimized ZIF8-3 obtained at 90 min of reaction time exhibited a superior catalytic action on the HER in alkaline medium, along with a remarkably long-term stability for 24 h compared with the other ZIF8 nanocrystals obtained at different reaction times. Specifically, the optimized ZIF8-3 sample revealed an HER overpotential of 172 mV and a Tafel slope of 104.15 mV·dec-1. This finding, thus, demonstrates ZIF8 as a promising electrocatalyst for the production of high-value-added green and sustainable hydrogen energy.

Increasing power generation to a single-chamber compost soil urea fuel cell for carbon-neutral bioelectricity generation: A novel approach.

Microbial fuel cells (CS-UFC) utilize waste resources containing biodegradable materials that play an essential role in green energy. MFC technology generates "carbon-neutral" bioelectricity and involves a multidisciplinary approach to microbiology. MFCs will play an important role in the harvesting of "green electricity." In this study, a single-chamber urea fuel cell is fabricated that uses these different wastewaters as fuel to generate power. Soil has been used to generate electrical power in microbial fuel cells and exhibited several potential applications to optimize the device; the urea fuel concentration is varied from 0.1 to 0.5 g/mL in a single-chamber compost soil urea fuel cell (CS-UFC). The proposed CS-UFC has a high power density and is suitable for cleaning chemical waste, such as urea, as it generates power by consuming urea-rich waste as fuel. The CS-UFC generates 12 times higher power than conventional fuel cells and exhibits size-dependent behavior. The power generation increases with a shift from the coin cell toward the bulk size. The power density of the CS-UFC is 55.26 mW/m2. This result confirmed that urea fuel significantly affects the power generation of single-chamber CS-UFC. This study aimed to reveal the effect of soil properties on the generated electric power from soil processes using waste, such as urea, urine, and industrial-rich wastewater as fuel. The proposed system is suitable for cleaning chemical waste; moreover, the proposed CS-UFC is a novel, sustainable, cheap, and eco-friendly design system for soil-based bulk-type design for large-scale urea fuel cell applications.

Flexible Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite-Based Diffusive Memristor for Artificial Nociceptors.

With the current evolution in the artificial intelligence technology, more biomimetic functions are essential to execute increasingly complicated tasks and respond to challenging work environments. Therefore, an artificial nociceptor plays a significant role in the advancement of humanoid robots. Organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OHPs) have the potential to mimic the biological neurons due to their inherent ion migration. Herein, a versatile and reliable diffusive memristor built on an OHP is reported as an artificial nociceptor. This OHP diffusive memristor showed threshold switching properties with excellent uniformity, forming-free behavior, a high ION/IOFF ratio (104), and bending endurance over >102 cycles. To emulate the biological nociceptor functionalities, four significant characteristics of the artificial nociceptor, such as threshold, no adaptation, relaxation, and sensitization, are demonstrated. Further, the feasibility of OHP nociceptors in artificial intelligence is being investigated by fabricating a thermoreceptor system. These findings suggest a prospective application of an OHP-based diffusive memristor in the future neuromorphic intelligence platform.

Evaluation of detrimental effects of impacted Mandibular third molars on adjacent second molars - A retrospective observational study.

Context: Mandibular impacted third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth in humans and can predispose the adjacent second molar to an array of detrimental effects such as caries, periodontitis, and cervical resorption thus the aim of this study was to determine the same. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study involving patients with orthopantomography presenting with impacted lower third molar. The type, depth, and level of impaction, the extent of caries, periodontal changes, and the presence of cervical resorption were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. with Chi-square. Results: Mesioangular impaction was most commonly noted. The pattern of impaction had a direct influence in the formation of carious lesions, cervical resorption, and periodontal ligament (PDL) changes. Conclusions: Noting the pattern of third molar impaction helps the clinician to forecast problems that may occur on adjacent teeth and initiate necessary prophylactic treatment.

Design of XS2 (X = W or Mo)-Decorated VS2 Hybrid Nano-Architectures with Abundant Active Edge Sites for High-Rate Asymmetric Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions.

Two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising materials for supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) applications. Herein, the molybdenum sulfide (MoS2 )@vanadium sulfide (VS2 ) and tungsten sulfide (WS2 )@VS2  hybrid nano-architectures prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal approach is reported. Hierarchical hybrids lead to rich exposed active edge sites, tuned porous nanopetals-decorated morphologies, and high intrinsic activity owing to the strong interfacial interaction between the two materials. Fabricated supercapacitors using MoS2 @VS2  and WS2 @VS2  electrodes exhibit high specific capacitances of 513 and 615 F g- 1 , respectively, at an applied current of 2.5 A g- 1  by the three-electrode configuration. The asymmetric device fabricated using WS2 @VS2  electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 222 F g- 1  at an applied current of 2.5 A g- 1  with the specific energy of 52 Wh kg- 1  at a specific power of 1 kW kg- 1 . For HER, the WS2 @VS2  catalyst shows noble characteristics with an overpotential of 56 mV to yield 10 mA cm- 2 , a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec-1 , and an exchange current density of 1.73 mA cm- 2 . In addition, density functional theory calculations are used to evaluate the durable heterostructure formation and adsorption of hydrogen atom on the various accessible sites of MoS2 @VS2  and WS2 @VS2  heterostructures.

Influence of three different types of desensitizing agents on bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive system on dentin: An in vitro study.

Aim: To determine the effect of three different dentin hypersensitivity treatment procedures on the microtensile bond strength of etch and rinse and self-etch adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted intact human permanent lower premolars were decoronated, and dentin was exposed on the buccal surface. The teeth were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 40 teeth each: etch and rinse system or self-etch system. The 40 samples assigned were further randomly assigned to four desensitizing treatment subgroups: Control, Gluma, NovaMin, and GC tooth Mousse with 10 samples per subgroup. Desensitizing treatment was performed two times each day for 2 weeks respectively. The exposed dentin was subjected to etch and rinse or self-etch adhesive system bonding agent as per the group and restored using composite to 4-mm thickness. Samples were then subjected to universal testing machine for microtensile bond strength. Results: The bond strength to the dentin obtained with etch and rinse adhesive system group where significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared to self-etch adhesive system. However, there was no significant effect of the desensitizing agent on the microtensile bond strength in its own. Scanning electron microscope imaging reviled tubular occlusion in all specimens treated with desensitizer. Conclusion: The bond strength was majorly impacted by the type of adhesive system used. While the desensitizing agents used in the study had little or no adverse effect on the bond strength of composites to dentin surface.

Bias-Modified Schottky Barrier Height-Dependent Graphene/ReSe2 van der Waals Heterostructures for Excellent Photodetector and NO2 Gas Sensing Applications.

Herein, we reported a unique photo device consisting of monolayer graphene and a few-layer rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) heterojunction. The prepared Gr/ReSe2-HS demonstrated an excellent mobility of 380 cm2/Vs, current on/off ratio ~ 104, photoresponsivity (R ~ 74 AW-1 @ 82 mW cm-2), detectivity (D* ~ 1.25 × 1011 Jones), external quantum efficiency (EQE ~ 173%) and rapid photoresponse (rise/fall time ~ 75/3 µs) significantly higher to an individual ReSe2 device (mobility = 36 cm2 V-1s-1, Ion/Ioff ratio = 1.4 × 105-1.8 × 105, R = 11.2 AW-1, D* = 1.02 × 1010, EQE ~ 26.1%, rise/fall time = 2.37/5.03 s). Additionally, gate-bias dependent Schottky barrier height (SBH) estimation for individual ReSe2 (45 meV at Vbg = 40 V) and Gr/ReSe2-HS (9.02 meV at Vbg = 40 V) revealed a low value for the heterostructure, confirming dry transfer technique to be successful in fabricating an interfacial defects-free junction. In addition, HS is fully capable to demonstrate an excellent gas sensing response with rapid response/recovery time (39/126 s for NO2 at 200 ppb) and is operational at room temperature (26.85 °C). The proposed Gr/ReSe2-HS is capable of demonstrating excellent electro-optical, as well as gas sensing, performance simultaneously and, therefore, can be used as a building block to fabricate next-generation photodetectors and gas sensors.

Fabrication of Fe3O4-incorporated MnO2 nanoflowers as electrodes for enhanced asymmetric supercapacitor performance.

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is considered a promising aspirant for energy storage materials on account of its higher theoretical capacitance along with low capital cost. However, its performance is generally limited by its poor lifespan and intrinsic conductivity. In this study, MnO2-incorporated iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoflowers were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal route and their electrochemical performance was probed. The surface composition and morphology of the as-synthesized samples were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and field emission scanning microscopy. The nanoflower-like structure and synergistic effect between the two oxides of the as-prepared MnO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite electrode result in desirable surface area and intrinsic conductivity. Owing to its higher surface area and electrical conductivity, the MnO2@Fe3O4 nanoflower-like nanocomposite exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance (Cs) of 1651 F g-1 (1 A g-1) in a three-electrode test cell, which is two-fold higher than those of pristine Fe3O4 and MnO2. In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was readily constructed by sandwiching a cellulose membrane (separator) between MnO2@Fe3O4 (cathode) and activated carbon (anode). Significantly, the ASC displayed a high Cs of 131 F g-1 (1 A g-1) along with a pretty high cycling stability of 96% over 5000 cycles at 15 A g-1 and a high energy density of 46.6 Wh kg-1 at 0.8 kW kg-1. These results demonstrate the significant potential of the MnO2@Fe3O4 nanoflower ASC device for state-of-the-art futuristic advanced energy storage applications.

Correction: Fabrication of Fe3O4-incorporated MnO2 nanoflowers as electrodes for enhanced asymmetric supercapacitor performance.

Correction for 'Fabrication of Fe3O4-incorporated MnO2 nanoflowers as electrodes for enhanced asymmetric supercapacitor performance' by Iqra Rabani et al., Dalton Trans., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT01942F.

Bimetallic Cu/Fe MOF-Based Nanosheet Film via Binder-Free Drop-Casting Route: A Highly Efficient Urea-Electrolysis Catalyst.

Developing efficient electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) can be a promising alternative strategy to substitute the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thereby producing hydrogen at a lower cell-voltage. Herein, we synthesized a binder-free thin film of ultrathin sheets of bimetallic Cu-Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu/Fe-MOFs) on a nickel foam via a drop-casting route. In addition to the scalable route, the drop-casted film-electrode demonstrates the lower UOR potentials of 1.59, 1.58, 1.54, 1.51, 1.43 and 1.37 V vs. RHE to achieve the current densities of 2500, 2000, 1000, 500, 100 and 10 mA cm-2, respectively. These UOR potentials are relatively lower than that acquired by the pristine Fe-MOF-based film-electrode synthesized via a similar route. For example, at 1.59 V vs. RHE, the Cu/Fe-MOF electrode exhibits a remarkably ultra-high anodic current density of 2500 mA cm-2, while the pristine Fe-MOF electrode exhibits only 949.10 mA cm-2. It is worth noting that the Cu/Fe-MOF electrode at this potential exhibits an OER current density of only 725 mA cm-2, which is far inconsequential as compared to the UOR current densities, implying the profound impact of the bimetallic cores of the MOFs on catalyzing UOR. In addition, the Cu/Fe-MOF electrode also exhibits a long-term electrochemical robustness during UOR.

rGO functionalized (Ni,Fe)-OH for an efficient trifunctional catalyst in low-cost hydrogen generation via urea decomposition as a proxy anodic reaction.

Green hydrogen derived from the water-electrolysis route is emerging as a game changer for achieving global carbon neutrality. Economically producing hydrogen through water electrolysis, however, requires the development of low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts via scalable synthetic strategies. Herein, this work reports a simple and scalable immersion synthetic strategy to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets integrated with Ni-Fe-based hydroxide nanocatalysts on nickel foam (NF) at room temperature. As a result of synergetic interactions among the hydroxides, rGO and NF, enhanced catalytic sites with improved charge transport between the electrode and electrolyte were perceived, resulting in significantly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with low overpotentials of 270 and 320 mV at 100 and 500 mA cm-2, respectively, in a 1.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. This performance is superior to those of the hydroxide-based electrode without incorporating rGO and the IrO2-benchmark electrode. Furthermore, when the conventional OER is substituted with urea decomposition (UOR) as a proxy anodic reaction, the electrolyzer achieves 100 and 500 mA cm-2 at a lower potential by 150 and 120 mV, respectively than the OER counterpart without influencing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity at the cathode. Notably, the rGO-incorporated electrode delivers a spectacularly high UOR current density of 1600 mA cm-2 at 1.53 V vs. RHE, indicating the decomposition of urea at an outstandingly high rate.

Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of fungal origin nanosilver particles on oral cancer cell lines: An in vitro study.

Background: Oral cancer is often associated with poor prognosis and it is found that conventional treatment options cause severe side effects, adjacent tissue disfigurement, and loss of function. Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) paved their path for cancer treatment. Aim: This study aimed to investigate cytotoxic effects of fungal procured AgNPs on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-9) cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Methodology: The silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the fungi Fusarium semitectum. Cell lines were cultured in a 1:1 ratio of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F12 medium and subcultured in a T-75 cm2 flask. Cell count was adjusted to 1 × 105 cells/ml; 50,000 cells/well were seeded into a 96 well plate and incubated at 37°C, for 24 h in 5% CO2 humidified conditions. AgNPs (1.75-50 µl/ml) were added to the plates and further incubated at 37°C for another 24 h. Medium containing cells without AgNPs were used as a control group. Later, 20 µl of MTT was added to each well and incubated for 6 h at above-mentioned conditions. About 0.1 mL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium solution was added to each well to solubilize formazan. The absorbance was measured using a Tecan reader at 540 nm. The experiment was repeated thrice independently. The percentage (%) inhibition of growth and the AgNP's concentration that prevents the cell growth by 50% (IC50) were determined. Results: Significant dose-dependent inhibition of the growth of SCC-9 cell lines was seen and IC50 was found at 12 µl/ml concentration of AgNPs. Conclusion: Biosynthesized AgNPs of fungal origin exhibit effective anticancer properties against the SCC-9 cell line.

Polyaniline-wrapped MnMoO4 as an active catalyst for hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting.

Developing efficient, low-cost, and environment-friendly electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation is critical for lowering energy usage in electrochemical water splitting. Moreover, for commercialization, fabricating cost-efficient, earth-abundant electrocatalysts with superior characteristics is of urgent need. Towards this endeavor, we report the synthesis of PANI-MnMoO4 nanocomposites using a hydrothermal approach and an in situ polymerization method with various concentrations of MnMoO4. The fabricated nanocomposite electrocatalyst exhibits bifunctional electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a lower overpotential of 410 mV at 30 mA cm-2 and 155 mV at 10 mA cm-2, respectively in an alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, while showing overall water splitting (OWS) performance, the optimized PM-10 (PANI-MnMoO4) electrode reveals the most outstanding OWS performance with a lower cell voltage of 1.65 V (vs. RHE) at a current density of 50 mA cm-2 with an excellent long-term cell resilience of 24 h.

A Facile Design of Solution-Phase Based VS2 Multifunctional Electrode for Green Energy Harvesting and Storage.

This work reports the fabrication of vanadium sulfide (VS2) microflower via one-step solvo-/hydro-thermal process. The impact of ethylene glycol on the VS2 morphology and crystal structure as well as the ensuing influences on electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and supercapacitor performance are explored and compared with those of the VS2 obtained from the standard pure-aqueous and pure-ethylene glycol solvents. The optimized VS2 obtained from the ethylene glycol and water mixed solvents exhibits a highly ordered unique assembly of petals resulting a highly open microflower structure. The electrode based on the optimized VS2 and exhibits a promising HER electrocatalysis in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH electrolytes, attaining a low overpotential of 161 and 197 mV, respectively, at 10 mA.cm-2 with a small Tafel slope 83 and 139 mVdec-1. In addition, the optimized VS2 based electrode exhibits an excellent electrochemical durability over 13 h. Furthermore, the superior VS2 electrode based symmetric supercapacitor delivers a specific capacitance of 139 Fg-1 at a discharging current density of 0.7 Ag-1 and exhibits an enhanced energy density of 15.63 Whkg-1 at a power density 0.304 kWkg-1. Notably, the device exhibits the capacity retention of 86.8% after 7000 charge/discharge cycles, demonstrating a high stability of the VS2 electrode.

Sonochemically exfoliated polymer-carbon nanotube interface for high performance supercapacitors.

Energy storage characteristics of organic molecules continue to attract attention for supercapacitor applications, as they offer simple processing and can be employed for flexible devices. The current study utilized the ultrasonically driven exfoliation to obtain poly diketo pyrrolopyrrole-thieno thiophene (PDPT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) composite, subsequently fabricated a PDPT donor-π-acceptor heterojunction with CNT and investigated energy storage applications. The composite was characterized using series of standard analytical techniques. Morphology indicated well alighted CNT tubes on PDPT polymer nanosheets with an effective interface, providing efficient electrochemical regions, enabling fast charge transfer between PDPT and CNT. We also investigated the PDPT-CNT composite electrochemical behavior, achieving 319.2 and 105.7F.g-1 capacitances for PDPT-CNT and PDPT at 0.5 A.g-1 current density for three electrode configurations; and 126 and 42F.g-1 for symmetric structures, respectively. Experimental results confirmed that PDPT-CNT composite electrodes achieved two fold the capacitance compared with PDPT alone. The hypothesis and synthetic approach provide an excellent candidate for conjugated polymers with carbon nanotubes and energy related devices.