Exploring the Viability and Acceptance of Nudge in Public Policies for Health Promotion.

BACKGROUND: Behaviorally informed interventions, such as nudging, encourage actions intended to promote longer and healthier lives. Holding significant potential for influencing health policies and healthcare practices, these interventions are partaking of a shift in governance and public health policymaking. However, a substantial knowledge gap remains regarding the feasibility and appropriateness of implementing policies that draw on nudge. METHODS: Ae survey on nudge's acceptability) was adapted to the Portuguese context to access attitudes towards 16 nudge measures. The research focused on evaluating attitudes among political science and public administration BSc and MSc students from nine Portuguese universities, and analyzing the relationship between these attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics, and sociopolitical attitudes. The data analysis involved the application of descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The participants exhibited a moderate-to-high level of approval for various nudge measures, particularly those related to nutrition and public education/awareness raising. The study identified a nuanced relationship between the level of intrusiveness of nudges and their public approval, indicating that interventions preserving the architecture of choice gathered higher acceptance compared to more intrusive approaches. Notably, approval was associated with a high level of trust in social groups and a low propensity for risk-taking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study not only sheds light on the types of nudge measures that are likely to be more acceptable for promoting healthy behaviors, but also establishes a crucial link between behavioral interventions and healthcare policies. Understanding the nuanced factors influencing the public acceptance of nudges contributes to the discourse on the implementation of behaviorally informed health policies and emphasizes the importance of tailoring interventions to align with public values and preferences.

Family Integrity Among Older Caregivers of Relatives With Dementia / Integridade Familiar em Pessoas Idosas Cuidadores de Familiares com Demência / Integridad Familiar en Cuidadores Ancianos de Familiares con Demencia

The construct of family integrity denotes that older persons' attainment of ego integrity is linked to family relationships. Family integrity is the positive outcome (overall satisfaction with life); disconnection (dissatisfaction) and alienation (estrangement) are the negative outcomes. This study focuses on elderly people who are primary caregivers of relatives with dementia, and examines their experience of events related to that role, which are perceived as being of influence on their sense of family integrity. The sample included 26 participants. Open-ended interviews were conducted. The interview transcripts were submitted to content analysis. The main findings suggest that caregivers who experience family integrity tend to embrace the new life demand associated with the caregiving role, while those tending towards disconnection struggle to maintain their pre-existing goals, and those experiencing alienation tend to feel helpless. Caring for a relative with dementia has an impact on multiple aspects of family life...

O construto integridade familiar significa que o processo de construção da integridade do ego em pessoas idosas está associado às relações familiares. A integridade familiar (satisfação com a vida e relações familiares) é o resultado positivo; desconexão (insatisfação) e alienação (afastamento) constituem resultados negativos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar pessoas idosas, cuidadores primários de familiares com demência, examinando a sua experiência de eventos relacionados com esse papel, percebidos como influenciando o seu sentido de integridade familiar. A amostra compreendeu 26 participantes idosos, cuidadores de familiares com demência. Foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com roteiro semiestruturado. As transcrições das entrevistas foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados sugerem que os cuidadores no caminho da integridade familiar reveem os seus projetos de vida anteriores, enquanto aqueles em desconexão lutam para manter os projetos anteriores e aqueles na via de alienação tendem a abandonar os projetos. Cuidar de um familiar com demência apresenta múltiplos impactos na vida familiar...

El constructo de la integridad familiar indica que la construcción de la integridad del yo en ancianos está vinculada a las relaciones familiares. La integridad familiar (satisfacción con la vida y las relaciones familiares) es positivo; desconexión (insatisfacción) y la alienación (sensación de lejanía) son negativos. Este estudio centra ancianos cuidadores primarios de familiares con demencia, y examina su experiencia de acontecimientos relacionados con esa función, percibido como influido la construcción de integridad familiar. La muestra consta de 26 participantes. Entrevistas abiertas con rutero semiestructurado se realizaron. Las transcripciones fueran sometidas a análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados indican que los cuidadores en integridad hacen la revisión de proyectos de vida; aquellos en desconexión luchan para mantener los proyectos anteriores; y aquellos en alienación tienden a abandonar los proyectos de vida. El cuidado de un familiar con demencia es una tarea compleja, con múltiples impactos que necesitan más atención...

Family Integrity Among Older Caregivers of Relatives With Dementia / Integridade Familiar em Pessoas Idosas Cuidadores de Familiares com Demência / Integridad Familiar en Cuidadores Ancianos de Familiares con Demencia

Abstract The construct of family integrity denotes that older persons' attainment of ego integrity is linked to family relationships. Family integrity is the positive outcome (overall satisfaction with life); disconnection (dissatisfaction) and alienation (estrangement) are the negative outcomes. This study focuses on elderly people who are primary caregivers of relatives with dementia, and examines their experience of events related to that role, which are perceived as being of influence on their sense of family integrity. The sample included 26 participants. Open-ended interviews were conducted. The interview transcripts were submitted to content analysis. The main findings suggest that caregivers who experience family integrity tend to embrace the new life demand associated with the caregiving role, while those tending towards disconnection struggle to maintain their pre-existing goals, and those experiencing alienation tend to feel helpless. Caring for a relative with dementia has an impact on multiple aspects of family life.(AU)

Resumo O construto integridade familiar significa que o processo de construção da integridade do ego em pessoas idosas está associado às relações familiares. A integridade familiar (satisfação com a vida e relações familiares) é o resultado positivo; desconexão (insatisfação) e alienação (afastamento) constituem resultados negativos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar pessoas idosas, cuidadores primários de familiares com demência, examinando a sua experiência de eventos relacionados com esse papel, percebidos como influenciando o seu sentido de integridade familiar. A amostra compreendeu 26 participantes idosos, cuidadores de familiares com demência. Foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com roteiro semiestruturado. As transcrições das entrevistas foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados sugerem que os cuidadores no caminho da integridade familiar reveem os seus projetos de vida anteriores, enquanto aqueles em desconexão lutam para manter os projetos anteriores e aqueles na via de alienação tendem a abandonar os projetos. Cuidar de um familiar com demência apresenta múltiplos impactos na vida familiar.(AU)

Resumen El constructo de la integridad familiar indica que la construcción de la integridad del yo en ancianos está vinculada a las relaciones familiares. La integridad familiar (satisfacción con la vida y las relaciones familiares) es positivo; desconexión (insatisfacción) y la alienación (sensación de lejanía) son negativos. Este estudio centra ancianos cuidadores primarios de familiares con demencia, y examina su experiencia de acontecimientos relacionados con esa función, percibido como influido la construcción de integridad familiar. La muestra consta de 26 participantes. Entrevistas abiertas con rutero semiestructurado se realizaron. Las transcripciones fueran sometidas a análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados indican que los cuidadores en integridad hacen la revisión de proyectos de vida; aquellos en desconexión luchan para mantener los proyectos anteriores; y aquellos en alienación tienden a abandonar los proyectos de vida. El cuidado de un familiar con demencia es una tarea compleja, con múltiples impactos que necesitan más atención.(AU)

Redes familiares e herança material: a passagem de testemunho / Family networks and material inheritances: passing on the testimony

Este estudo procura aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o processo de transmissão da herança material nas famílias envelhecidas, estudando perfis de transmissão do legado (o que é transmitido, a quem, como e quando?), dinâmicas de entreajuda entre doadores e herdeiros e suas implicações na satisfação familiar. Os resultados sugerem que a herança constitui um processo normativo da vida familiar na velhice, envolvendo a reorganização da gestão dos bens familiares e a sua transmissão (passagem do testemunho financeiro).(AU)

This study aims to deepen the knowledge about the process of material inheritance transmission in later life families, by studying the profiles of transmission of material legacy (what is transmitted, to whom, when and how?), the dynamics of support between donors and heirs and their influence on family satisfaction. Main results suggest that material inheritance is a normative process in later life families, involving the reorganization of the management of families’ material property and its transmission (passing on financial testimony).(AU)

Redes familiares e herança material: a passagem de testemunho / Family networks and material inheritances: passing on the testimony

Este estudo procura aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o processo de transmissão da herança material nas famílias envelhecidas, estudando perfis de transmissão do legado (o que é transmitido, a quem, como e quando?), dinâmicas de entreajuda entre doadores e herdeiros e suas implicações na satisfação familiar. Os resultados sugerem que a herança constitui um processo normativo da vida familiar na velhice, envolvendo a reorganização da gestão dos bens familiares e a sua transmissão (passagem do testemunho financeiro).

This study aims to deepen the knowledge about the process of material inheritance transmission in later life families, by studying the profiles of transmission of material legacy (what is transmitted, to whom, when and how?), the dynamics of support between donors and heirs and their influence on family satisfaction. Main results suggest that material inheritance is a normative process in later life families, involving the reorganization of the management of families’ material property and its transmission (passing on financial testimony).

The family inheritance process: motivations and patterns of interaction.

Material inheritance constitutes a challenge for families in later life. Yet inheritance decisions, the underlying reasons and motivations and patterns of family interaction have barely been studied. Research suggests that motivations fluctuate on a continuum between unconditional donation (altruism, normative obligation) and conditional donation (strategic exchange, reciprocity). However, the literature emphasises the need for further research into the motivations that constitute this continuum and on the patterns of family interaction attached to them. This exploratory study therefore sets out to examine the motivations and patterns of family interaction in the process of transmitting material inheritances. Using the critical incidents technique (CIT) 55 usable incidents were collected from 43 participants (7 donors, 16 heirs and 20 professionals). Results of this study suggest four motivations: (i) altruism driven by family solidarity; (ii) equity centred on the equal division of possessions in order to maintain family unity; (iii) strategy focused on reciprocity (I give you if you give me); (iv) egoism based on self-interest. Findings contribute to a better knowledge of the factors that promote and prevent family problems over inheritance.