Exploring the chemical characterization and insecticidal activities of Curcuma angustifolia roxb. leaf essential oils against three major stored product insects.

Botanical pesticides are safe and widely used in pest management. Curcuma angustifolia belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a rhizomatous medicinal herb. Following rhizome harvesting, leaves are discarded as waste. However, they can be effectively utilized by extracting essential oils, which are potential biopesticides. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the leaf essential oil of Curcuma angustifolia as a potential biopesticide against three stored grain pests, Lasioderma serricorne, Tribolium castaneum, and Callasobruchus chinensis, by their contact, fumigant, and repellent activities. The leaves yield 0.39 ± 0.02 % of oil by hydrodistillation. GC-MS/MS characterization identified curzerenone (18.37 %), geranyl-p-cymene (17.32 %), α-elemenone (13.59 %), eucalyptol (7.58 %) as the main constituents. When exposed to different concentrations of C. angustifolia oil, the test insect displayed noticeably high repellency rates. It also showed better contact toxicity at 24 h, LC50 = 0.22 mg/cm2 for cigarette beetle, LC50 = 0.64 mg/cm2 for red flour beetle, LC50 = 0.07 mg/cm2 for pulse beetle) and fumigation toxicities (LC50 = 10.8 mg/L air at 24 h, for cigarette, LC50 = 29.5 mg/L air for red flour beetle, LC50 = 7.9 mg/L air for pulse beetle). Additionally, a phytotoxicity study was done on paddy seeds, and the results showed no effect on seed germination or seedling growth. It was evident from this study that C. angustifolia oil from waste leaves can be utilized as a botanical pesticide to manage the adults of these storage pests.

The social epidemiology of binge-eating disorder and behaviors in early adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder phenotype and is linked to several negative health outcomes. Yet, little is known about the social epidemiology of BED, particularly in early adolescence. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and BED and binge-eating behaviors in a large, national cohort of 10-14-year-old adolescents in the United States (U.S.) METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of two-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2018 - 2020) that included 10,197 early adolescents (10 - 14 years, mean 12 years) in the U.S. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and BED and binge-eating behaviors, defined based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. RESULTS: In this early adolescent sample (48.8% female, 54.0% White, 19.8% Latino/Hispanic, 16.1% Black, 5.4% Asian, 3.2% Native American, 1.5% Other), the prevalence of BED and binge-eating behaviors were 1.0% and 6.3%, respectively. Identifying as gay or bisexual (compared to heterosexual; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.25, 95% CI 1.01-5.01) and having a household income of less than $75,000 (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.21-3.46) were associated with greater odds of BED. Being male (AOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55), of Native American (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01-2.55) descent, having a household income less than $75,000 (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08-1.65), or identifying as gay or bisexual (AOR for 'Yes' Response: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.31-2.91 and AOR for 'Maybe' Response: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.19-2.76) were all associated with higher odds of binge-eating behaviors. CONCLUSION: Several sociodemographic variables showed significant associations with binge-eating behaviors, which can inform targeted screening, prevention, and education campaigns for BED among early adolescents.

Binge-eating disorder is the most common eating disorder, yet little research has characterized the social and demographic factors that contribute to it, especially in adolescents. We studied the social and demographic risk factors for binge-eating disorder and binge-eating behaviors for U.S. children aged 10­14. Low household income, identifying as gay or bisexual, and being of Native American descent were associated with engagement in binge-eating behaviors. Low household income and identifying as gay or bisexual were associated with binge-eating disorder. These results can help better identify, prevent, and spread awareness of binge-eating disorder.

Great Occipital Nerve as Donor Nerve for Neurotization With Suprascapular Nerve in Total Braqchial Plexus Injuries: Nerve Transfer Technique.

Complete brachial plexus injuries continue to be a technical and strategic challenge in surgical reconstruction to restore function and sensitivity in a paralyzed and insensitive limb. The use of donor's nerves to perform neurotizations is limited, and, in reconstructions for preganglionic lesions, these techniques have gained prominence, even leaving comorbidities in the donor sites. The purpose of this paper is to present the great suboccipital nerve as a new donor nerve bases on our anatomic research with the transfer technique from the great occipital nerve to the suprascapular nerve.

Upgrading SELEX technology by using lambda exonuclease digestion for single-stranded DNA generation.

The generation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules plays a key role in the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) combinatorial chemistry process and numerous molecular biology techniques and applications, such as DNA sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, DNA chips, DNA single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and many other techniques. The purity and yield of ssDNA can affect the success of each application. This study compares the two ssDNA production methods, the strand separation by streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and alkaline denaturation and the lambda exonuclease digestion, in regard to the purity of generated ssDNA and the efficiency. Here, we demonstrate the considerable benefits of ssDNA production by lambda exonuclease digestion for in vitro selection of DNA aptamers. We believe that the generation of ssDNA aptamers using this method will greatly improve the success rate of SELEX experiments concerning the recovery of target-specific aptamers.