[Neurotic disorders in adolescents with vegetative dysfunction]. / Nevrozopodibni stany u pidlitkiv z vehetatyvnymy dysfunktsiiamy.

The main disorders in juveniles who are resident in the zone of small doses of ionizing radiation are vegetative dysfunctions. Of these, there prevail vegetovascular dysfunction comprising 45.7%, with neurocirculatory and vegetovisceral dysfunctions occurring less frequently (26.3% and 19.7% respectively). The major proportion of juveniles present with neurosis-like states, asthenic and asthenodepressive ones being the most common type.

[Structural and functional status of the hypophyseal-thyroid system in prenatally irradiated children]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nyi stan gipofizarno-tyreoïdnoï systemy u ditei, oprominenykh vnutrishn'outrobno.

In order to evaluate the morphologic-and-functional state of the hypophysis-thyroid system long after the Chernobyl accident we examined 1491 children from the northern territories of the Zhitomir region. Of these, 261 had not been in utero exposed to radioiodine, 1230 pediatric subjects proved to be postconception-exposed. In utero radioiodine has not been found to affect the thyroid size in any noticeable way. The degree of structural-and-functional indices for the thyreostat system in prenatally irradiated children depends on the stage of the thyroid development just when there happened to be an exposure to radioiodine.

[Transient neonatal hypothyrosis in premature neonates]. / Tranzytornyi neonatal'nyi hipotyreoz u peredchasno narodzhenykh nemovliat.

Plasma levels were measured of T4, free T4, T3, TSH in 64 premature neonates and in 41 those born at right time during the time-related course of the neonatal period. The results secured permit regarding the thyroid hypohormonosis syndrome in premature neonates as a consequence of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis deficiency and of immaturity of the thyreostatic receptors as well. On the one hand, this promotes hypometabolism and, correspondingly, favours more economic utilization of bodily energy resources but on the other hand, such adaptation is not infrequently results in its failure and persistent thyrodeficiency, especially in very low-birth weight infants, during the whole of the neonatal period.

[Characteristics of neurohumoral regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism in premature newborn infants]. / Osobennosti neirogumoral'noi reguliatsii vodno-élektrolitnogo obmena u nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh.

RIA was used to measure the level of beta 2-microglobulin, vasopressin, natriuretic factor, prostaglandin E2 and of the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in full-term and premature neonates in the early neonatal period. In the first days of life, regulation of water-salt metabolism was discovered to be activated, especially in highly premature neonates. The early postnatal period is the critical period of ontogenesis where extreme tension of the neurohumoral systems may lead to the adaptation failure up to destabilization of the internal medium and grave metabolic disorders.

[Role of breast feeding in the development of the function of the hypophyseal-adrenal system in newborn infants in the early neonatal period]. / Rol' estestvennogo vskarmlivaniia v stanovlenii funktsii gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy u novorozhdennykh v rannem neonatal'nom periode.

A radioimmunoassay was used for a study of ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone levels in the blood plasma of 96 infants and in breast milk. The plasma level of these hormones in the first days after delivery was high. A regular decrease in the level of the hormones was noted by the end of the early neonatal period. A high level of hormones in the first days of infant's life was associated with delivery stress. Reverse correlation was observed between ACTH and hormones secreted by the pituitary gland in foremilk and mature breast milk.

[Effect of human milk enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism during adaptation of newborn infants in the early neonatal period]. / Vliianie fermentov grudnogo moloka na metabolizm uglevodov v protsesse adaptatsii novorozhdennykh v rannem neonatal'nom periode.

The total activity and isoenzymatic composition of lactic dehydrogenase (LDG), malic dehydrogenase (MDG) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) were studied in the blood serum and erythrocytes of 56 premature and 18 mature newborns, as well as in colostrum and mature breast milk. The growth of the role of anaerobic glycolysis was observed at the end of the neonatal period in the mature newborns. In highly premature newborns the activity of glycolysis and pentose cycle of glucose oxidation was especially high. Isozymic spectrum of LDG evidences the prevalence of the processes of aerobic glycolysis in the premature which is unfavourable under conditions of hypoxia. The pattern of changes in the MDG spectrum denotes a low activity of reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Isoenzymatic composition of colostrum and milk is close to that in the newborn's blood. Enzymes of colostrum and milk influence carbohydrate metabolism thus producing favourable effect on the adaptation processes in the newborns.

[Role of natural feeding in providing newborn infants with progesterone]. / Rol' estestvennogo vskarmlivaniia v obespechenii novorozhdennykh detei progesteronom.

The role of breast milk in the provision of the newborn with the sex hormone progesterone was studied. The radioimmunoassay was used to estimate the hormone content in the breast milk during lactation (87 samples) and in the blood plasma of 59 newborns. It was found that during the early postnatal period the progesterone level in the newborn's blood was gradually lowered. The newborn are deprived of placental progesterone as a result of the break of the chain "mother-placenta-fetus" after delivery, that leads to the reduction of the blood progesterone level. At the same time, the high level of progesterone with the necessary amount of the hormone in the period of the postnatal adaptation. The progesterone level in the mature breast milk decreases, however, with the growth of the milk amount received by the newborn the daily progesterone level significantly rises.

[Role of breast feeding in providing the newborn infant with thyroid hormones]. / Rol' estestvennogo vskarmlivaniia v obespechenii organizma novorozhdennogo gormonami shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Radioimmunoassay was conducted to study the content of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the human milk and in the blood serum of mature and premature newborns. It was established that with the growth of the lactation period the content of triiodothyronine and thyroxine rose; it was, respectively, 0.5 +/- 0.12 and 100.3 +/- 8.4 nmol/l in colostrum, 9.2 +/- 0.7 and 271.3 +/- 14.1 nmol/l in transient milk, 11.1 +/- 1.07 and 405.0 +/- 21.4 nmol/l in fully formed milk. Fully formed milk contains three times more triiodothyronine and thyroxine than the blood serum of newborns. The mature newborns have a sufficiently formed thyroid function. The level of thyroid hormones in the blood serum of premature newborns is decreased in proportion to the stage of their prematurity. They receive the deficient hormones through the human milk. The authors recommend that the nutrition of premature newborns receiving mixed and artificial feeding should be supplemented with thyroid hormones.