[The characteristics of elderly citizen of perceiving communication effects of issues of formation of healthy life-style].

The article discusses results of communication effects of various information actors on elderly citizen stimulating healthy life-style. The purpose of the study was to establish characteristics of perception by elderly Russians communication effects targeting formation and maintenance of healthy life-style, to determine degree of significance of communication channels by which such measures can provide high degree of individual motivation. The contradiction was established. From one hand, life span increases due to achievements of science, medicine and technologies promoting decreasing diseases' mortality and improving health indicators.From the other hand, the need in larger volume of caring services at lesser number of professional personnel providing social care and medical personnel comes up. It is established that age principle is one of the basic ones in segmentation of health state. According it, population of elderly age consists of several main groups having different social characteristics concerning conditions of life, medical indications, consumer behavior and information perception. The elderly pre-retired, elderly relatives, early retired, socially active retired. It is concluded that communication impact on elderly citizens concerning formation of healthy lifestyle and promotion of health saving practices are to be implemented considering specifics of particular communication channels (both interpersonal and mass ones). It is recommended in planning and implementing socially-oriented marketing and educational campaign not only to segment target audiences of senior citizens, but to evaluate degree of significance of communication channels for each of them.

[Physiology of autonomic regulation of kidney and bladder functions and its clinical significance].

The results of a search in PubMed and Elibraru.ru databases using the keywords "autonomic regulation", "kidney function", "bladder function", "ECG monitoring", "PET/CT of the brain" are presented in the review. A regulation of bladder functions, control of blood pressure, heart rate and specialized functions of the nephron are discussed, which are in close relationship with the stem and cortical centers of the brain. The review presents an update at their cause-and-effect relationship and the place of each system in the formation of the general autonomic tone. The proposed integrative approach to the study of this problem will reveal previously unknown autonomous properties of the organs that form this physiological axis and determine the role of cortical dysfunction in the development of visceral pathology, which is fundamentally important for understanding the mechanisms of formation and recurrence of many urological diseases.

Effects of Social Isolation on the Development of Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior in Model Experiments in Animals.

This review describes the role of social isolation in the development of anxiety and depression-like behavior in rodents. The duration of social isolation, age from onset of social isolation, sex, species, and strain of animals, the nature of the model used, and other factors have been shown to have influences. The molecular-cellular mechanisms of development of anxiety and depression-like behavior under the influence of social isolation and the roles of the HHAS, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, BDNF, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, as well as monoamines in these mechanisms are discussed. This review presents data on sex differences in the effects of social isolation, along with the effects of interactions with other types of stress, and the roles of an enriched environment and other factors in ameliorating the negative sequelae of social isolation.

[Pilot study of the manifestations of synchrony of the anatomical-metabolic and functional state of the brain, kidneys and bladder].

im. The results of clinical observations and scientific studies of recent years indicate that abstinence from urination before the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals for PET / CT procedures is accompanied by a significantly lower flow of it into the bladder than after preliminary urination. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Comparative analysis of PET/CT metabolism of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose at the level of the cingulate gyrus of the brain, different regions of the kidney parenchyma and in the bladder wall in individuals without nephrourological history, depending on the phase of the functional state of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of PET/CT of the whole body of 30 patients of the radiological center of the Tyumen Regional Oncological Dispensary, including 16 men and 14 women (median age 52.5 (38; 63) years), were analyzed, distributed randomly in three equal study groups: after urination, in the intermictory period and immediately after the appearance of the first urge to urinate. RESULTS: Signs of synchrony were revealed in the anatomical and metabolic activity of the cortical vegetative centers, certain regions of the renal parenchyma and the wall of the bladder in the process of urination, the movement of urine along the urinary tract, the stage of its accumulation in the bladder and preparation for urination. CONCLUSION: The data obtained allow us to assume that the analyzed regions are equivalent areas of the general regulatory system that provides physiological processes in the organs of the urinary system. However, this fact requires further research and clarification.

[Differentiation of satisfaction with the quality of life of the older generation in Russia.]

Satisfaction with the quality of life of the older generation in the regions of Russia was analyzed in the following aspects: satisfaction with the financial situation, conditions of labour and salary, the ability to travel, satisfaction with legal security, the level of respect and trust in society, satisfaction with one's health and life in general. The analysis of indicators of the quality of life of older people was carried out by gender in three age groups: pre-retirement age, active retirement age, disabled retirement age. Significant regional differentiation of the analyzed phenomenon was revealed. The hypothesis about the relationship between the analyzed indicators and the main parameters of the socio-economic development of Russian regions is confirmed. The key indicators of the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are substantiated, which make it possible to identify regional gaps in the level and quality of life of older people in our country and to estimate them statistically. Some assumptions about the reasons for the low satisfaction of older people with various aspects of the quality of life were made, the possible consequences of such a situation were named, including from the point of view of their influence on the degree of realization of the resource potential of the older generation.

[Satisfaction with the quality of life in the Russian regions in the context of realizing the resource potential of elderly people.]

A system of indicators is proposed to assess the relationship between quality of life from the point of view of realization of resource potential of elderly people in conditions of demographic aging of the population and to analyze various aspects of socio-economic development of the Russian regions. The statistical evaluation of these indicators and the level of inequality in the context of research topic in context of the regions of Russia is carried out.

Thermostable Lichenase from Clostridium thermocellum as a Host Protein in the Domain Insertion Approach.

Clostridium thermocellum lichenase (endo-ß-1,3;1,4-glucan-D-glycosyl hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.73 (P29716)) has been tested for the insertion of two model fluorescent proteins (EGFP and TagRFP) into two regions of this enzyme. Functional folding of the resulting proteins was confirmed by retention of lichenase activity and EGFP and TagRFP fluorescence. These results convincingly demonstrate that (i) the two experimentally selected lichenase loop regions may serve as the areas for domain insertion without disturbing enzyme folding in vivo; (ii) lichenase permits not only single but also tandem insertions of large protein domains. High specific activity, outstanding thermostability, and efficient in vitro refolding of thermostable lichenase make it an attractive new host protein for the insertional fusion of domains in the engineering of multifunctional proteins.

Expression of Soluble Active Interferon αA in Escherichia coli Periplasm by Fusion with Thermostable Lichenase Using the Domain Insertion Approach.

A recombinant DNA in which the interferon αA (IFN-αA) gene sequence is integrated into a loop region of the gene coding thermostable lichenase was constructed. This approach of insertion fusion with thermostable lichenase is advantageous in terms of increasing the solubility, stability, and production of the fusion partner in soluble form in general and in the periplasm of bacterial cells in particular. Thus, the insertion of IFN-αA into the loop (53 a.a.) of thermostable lichenase from Clostridium thermocellum resulted in effective expression of the soluble form of the recombinant protein in the periplasm of Escherichia coli without any compromise in biological activity of IFN-αA, while the thermostable lichenase retained its ability for functional folding without dramatic loss of its basic activity and thermostability.

Effect of doxycycline and Lactobacillus probiotics on mRNA expression of ABCC2 in small intestines of chickens.

Probiotics and antibiotics are widely used in poultry and may alter drug bioavailability by affecting the expression of intestinal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters. Therefore the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacilli probiotics, administered alone or in combination with doxycycline, on the expression of ABCB1 (gene, encoding P-glycoprotein), ABCC2 (gene, encoding multidrug resistance protein 2, MRP2) and ABCG2 (gene, encoding breast cancer resistance protein) mRNAs in chicken using RT-PCR. Duc one-day-old chicks (n=24) were divided equally in four groups: untreated control, probiotics supplemented group, probiotics plus doxycycline treated chickens and antibiotic administered group. Expression of ABCC2 mRNA was affected by doxycycline or by combination of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis and L. bulgaricus and the antibiotic in the intestines. These results can be used as a basis for further functional studies to prove the beneficial effect on limitation of the absorption of toxins and improvement of efflux of endogenous substances and xenobiotics when the combination of doxycycline and Lactobacillus spp. probiotics are administered to poultry.

[Features of physical development of girls residing in the altai territory with the different level of the environmental load].

There was performed the determination of the characteristics of the physical development of 660 girls aged of from 6 years 6 months to 17years 5 months 29 days, residing in the Blagoveshchenskiy and the Ust-Pristanskiy regions of the Altai Krai. The Blagoveshchenskiy region is characterized by a high level of ambient air pollution (potential of the atmospheric pollution accounts for 2.7-3.0). Sodium sulfate, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonic oxide, nitrogen dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, ammonia, manganese and its compounds, hexavalent chromium make the greatest contribution to the atmospheric pollution. The Ust-Pristanskiy region is referred to the least polluted territories of the Altai Krai. Living conditions in the Blagoveshchenskiy region of the Altai Krai were found to influence on the girls ' physical and sexual development. The girls living in the Blagoveshchenskiy region show the pubertal growth spurt one year later, which is lasting longer. As a result, by the age of 17, measurements of the body and leg length are almost 6 cm higher in girls of the Blagoveshchenskiy region. 97% of the Blagoveshchenskiy region residents have pathological (trochanter index ≤ 1.85) and disevolutive (trochanter index = 1.86 - 1.91) types of age evolution which testifies to the thyroid and reproductive hormones deficiency. Among the residents of the Ust-Pristanskiy region, 80% have either normal values of the trochanter index (1.95 - 2.0) or slightly deviated from the norm (hypoevolutive, normoevolutive, and hyperevolutive types of age evolution). The level of the endocrine system diseases prevalence, nutrition and metabolic disorders among the teenagers of the Blagoveshchenskiy region are 2.5 times higher than in the rural area of the Altai Krai. The relative risk of the endocrine system diseases occurrence, nutrition disturbances and metabolic disorders in the teenagers of the Blagoveshchenskiy region equals to OR=1.87 (x=272.7, p<0.001).

[DIFFICULTIES OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF SEVERE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA].

Severe community-acquired pneumonia implies the necessity of its early differential diagnostics from a wide range of nosological forms requiring not only therapeutic but also surgical treatment. The authors consider the causes of hypodiagnostics of community-acquired pneumonia and illustrate difficulties of differential diagnosis of this condition by concrete examples.

[Influence of D1, D2 Receptor Blockade in Basolateral Amygdala on Behavior of Rats with High or Low Levels of Anxiety and Fear].

The influence of bilateral D1 or D2 receptors antagonists infusions into the rat basolateral amygdala on anxiety, as well as the expression, extinction and re-learning of conditioned fear was studied. Subjects were the male Wistar rats with high and low anxiety behavior in elevated plus maze, and also rats with low and high freezing responses during fear conditioning. The infusion of D1 receptor antagonist (SCH23390, 1 µg/0.5 µL in each side) reduced the expression of the conditioned fear to sound in rats with low freezing level, accelerated fear extinction and impaired re-learning in all animals. The injection of D2 receptor antagonist (raclopride, 1 µg/0.5 µL in each side) accelerated the extinction of conditioned fear to contextual cues in all rats and had a weak anxiolytic-like effect on behavior of high anxiety rats in elevated plus maze. These findings testify to the role of D1 receptors in the acquisition, expression and extinction of conditioned fear to stimuli, and D2 receptors in the occurrence of anxiety and fear to the contextual cues. There was discovered different sensitivity of animals with different levels of anxiety and fear to the infusion of dopamine receptors antagonists in the amygdala that suggested the inequality of dopaminergic transmission in the amygdala of animals with individual differences.

Effect of probiotics on enrofloxacin disposition in gastrointestinal tract of poultry.

Probiotics are routinely used in poultry husbandry due to health benefit on the host. The gut microbiota is now recognized to exert an important influence on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of many compounds. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of candidate probiotics belonging to the species Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum and L. bulgaricus on pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy chickens. The probiotic administration leads to higher degree of metabolism of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin in liver. The antibacterial drug was significantly faster absorbed (kab of 0.61 ± 0.54 h(-1) and Tmax 7.81 ± 3.52 h) at lower concentrations (Cmax of 1.34 ± 0.18 µg·g(-1)) during the first 24 h of treatment in the probiotic's group. The values of kab , Tmax , and Cmax for the group, treated solely with enrofloxacin, were 0.10 ± 0.065 h(-1), 15.42 ± 3.07 h, and 1.61 ± 0.24 µg·g(-1), respectively. A significantly higher concentration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in the liver was observed in the group with the probiotic treatment. Disposition of both drugs was not significantly changed in the duodenum and in the jejunum. The selected dose is appropriate for treatment of infections caused by pathogens with MIC < 0.06 µg·mL(-1) irrespective of antibiotic administration alone or in combination with probiotics.

Clostridium thermocellum thermostable lichenase with circular permutations and modifications in the N-terminal region retains its activity and thermostability.

The Clostridium thermocellum lichenase (endo-ß-1,3;1,4-glucan-D-glycosyl hydrolase) displays a high thermostability and specific activity and has a compact protein molecule, which makes it attractive, in particular, for protein engineering. We have utilized in silico analysis to construct circularly permuted (CP) variants and estimated the retained activity and thermostability. New open termini in the region of residues 53 or 99 in two lichenase CP variants (CN-53 and CN-99) had no effect on their activity and thermal tolerance versus another variant CP variant, CN-140 (cut in the region of residue 140), which displayed a dramatic decrease in the activity and thermostability. Construction and further activity and thermostability testing of the modified lichenase variants (M variants) and CP variants with peptides integrated via insertion fusion have demonstrated that the N-terminal regions in the lichenase catalytic domain (53 and 99 amino acid residues) that permit circular permutations with retention of activity and thermostability of the enzyme as well as the region between the C and N termini of the native lichenase in thermostable and active lichenase variants (CN-53 and CN-99) may be used for integrating small peptides without the loss of activity and thermostability. These findings not only suggest that CP predictions can be used in search for internal integration sites within protein molecule, but also form the background for further enzymatic engineering of the C. thermocellum thermostable lichenase aiming to create new fusion proteins.

[The Manifestation of the Anxiety during Fear Conditioning in Wistar Rats].

In order to identify the correlation between anxiety and conditioned fear, the behavior of the same male Wistar rats was compared in three anxiety tests (open field, light-dark box and elevated plus-maze) and in Pavlovian auditory fear conditioning paradigm using correlation, factor and variance analyses. The correlation between anxiety/bravery and locomotion indexes in different tests was not revealed. Positive correlations between grooming, urinations and defecations, rearing in three tests were revealed. These data suggest that animals reacted to various tests differently, resulting, apparently in the emergence of different anxiety levels, specific for each test. Vegetative reactions, inclination to exploration and substituting behavior were more stable characteristics of rats. Anxiety behavior in elevated plus-maze correlated to freezing response to context after fear conditioning, while high-anxiety rats had higher level of freezing to context than low-anxiety rats. The higher freezing response to sound after fear conditioning was found in rats with middle locomotor activity in open field. Conditioned fear to the context and to the sound was associated with different forms of rat anxiety during different tests.

[Analysis of the medicinal leech effects on the state of arterial functions of aged probationers, using hardwarily software system "Angioscan-01"].

The state of elderly patients arterial wall after the putting of one medicinal leech was estimated by use hardwarily software system "Angioscan-01". There was compared the effect of one medicinal leech on indicators of vasomotor function of endothelium of small resistance arteries and of middle arteries of muscular type. Stickiness index and augmentation index were determined in order to evaluate the medicinal leech effect on the rigidity state of arterial wall. It is shown that the putting of one leech stimulates the improving of endothelium vasomotor function and of normalization arterial wall stickiness. It is supposed the participation in this process the secretion of the medicinal leech salivary cells, which, as has been shown recently, is able to activate e-NOS and n-NOS in human endothelium culture (HUVEC) and increase NO level. Elevation of share stress during occlusion test is also stimulated NO production in vascular endothelium.

[Behavior of high- and low-anxiety rats after modulation of GABAergic transmission in basolateral amygdala].

The influence of GABA(A) receptor agonist (muscimol hydrobromide, 0.1 µg/0.5 µL) and antagonist (bicuculline methiodide, 0.2 µg/0.5 µL) injections into the right and the left basolateral amygdala on the behavior of the high- and low-anxiety rats was investigated in elevated plus-maze test. High- and low-anxiety rats had different sensitivities to injections of GABA receptor agents. Administration of muscimol increased open-arm time only in the high-anxiety rats, indicating anxiolytic-like effect. Injection of bicuculline increased aggression of all rats, as well as enhanced locomotion and exploration in high-anxiety rats, increased open-arm time and emotionality in the low-anxiety animals. More powerful changes in behavior of rats were revealed after injections of muscimol into the left amygdala of high-anxiety rats and bicuculline into the right amygdala of low-anxiety ones. The results evidence the existence of individual typological and interhemispheric differences in functioning of the amygdalar GABAergic system.

[Effects of intrabasolateral amygdala infusions of GABAA-receptor agonist and antagonist on expression and extinction of conditioned fear in rats with different freezing duration].

The rats were divided into two groups (little and much freezing animals) on the grounds of differences in freezing times after fear conditioning. Effects of bilateral intrabasolateral amygdale infusions of GABAA-receptors agonist (muscimol, 0.1 microg/0.5 microL in each side), antagonist (bicuculline, 0.07 microg/0.5 microL), saline (control, 0.5 microL) on expression and extinction of fear were compared in two rats groups. Muscimol infusion before retention test led to a decrease the time of freezing, it maximal biased on fear expression in little freezing rats. Bicuculline infusion increased aggressiveness of rats, decreased freezing time, induced elements of panic behavior, and evoked maximal behavioral changes in much freezing animals. Muscimol or bicuculline infusion before extinction training resulted in facilitation of extinction in much freezing rats, but not effected in little freezing animals. Received results testified to non-equivalence influences of GABA-receptors agonist and antagonist in animals with different fear levels and supposed differences in GABAergic receptors.

[Morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of potato plants with various expression rates of the Δ12 acyl-lipid desaturase gene].

This paper reports on morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of control and potato plants (Solarium tuberosum L., Skoroplodnyi cultivar) transformed with the Δ12 acyl-lipid desaturase gene (desA) grown long-term in vitro. The transformed plants showed faster growth and faster ontogenesis as compared to controls, which was accompanied with changes in the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids) and phenolic compounds, including flavonoids in the leaves. These characteristics were pronounced to a high degree in Line II plants with high expression rates of the desA gene, whereas Line I plants (moderate expression rate) were similar to control plants in many parameters.

[Range of Gene candidates involved in biosynthesis of laccase from basidiomycete Trametes hirsuta].

A comparative analysis of transcripts from the basidiomycota T. hirsuta grown with and without an inducer of the laccase biosynthesis was carried out. Methods of subtraction hybridization and massive parallel sequencing were used for this purpose. Unique transcripts encoded by genes that have a relatively high level of expression and belong to different gene ontology categories were identified. Also, a large number of transcripts were found to encode for predicted proteins, as well as noncoding transcripts. The latter may represent regulatory RNA molecules. Transcripts that increase their abundance when the laccase synthesis is induced are selected as gene-candidates involved in the laccase biosynthetic pathway.