RESUMO
Guatemala, located in Central America, has a long and rich history in the traditional use of edible, medicinal, and hallucinogenic mushrooms. This article describes the use of these mushrooms and presents studies on the scientific validation of native and foreign species.
Assuntos
Agaricales/isolamento & purificação , Agaricales/química , Agaricales/classificação , Agaricales/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alimentos , Guatemala , Alucinógenos , Humanos , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
CONTEXT: Subcutaneous mycoses are chronic infections caused by slow growing environmental fungi. Latin American plants are used in folk medicine to treat these afflictions. Moreover, the potential of the rich Latin American biodiversity for this purpose has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to screen Latin American plant extracts against two species of subcutaneous fungi: Sporothrix schenckii and Fonsecaea pedrosoi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ninety-five organic extracts from 151 Latin American plants were screened against two subcutaneous fungi by the agar dilution method at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of active extracts were determined. Positive (amphothericin B) and negative (50% ethanol) controls were used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Twenty eight extracts showed activity at ≤100 µg/mL. Of these, four extracts from Gnaphalium gaudichaudianum DC (Asteraceae), Plumeria rubra L (Apocynaceae), Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth. (Bignoniaceae), and Trichostigma octandum (L.), H. Walter showed activity against F. pedrosoi at MIC 12.5 µg/mL; and, four extracts from Bourreria huanita (Lex.) Hemsl. (Boraginaceae), Phytolacca bogotensis Kunth (Phytolaccaceae), Monnina xalapensis Kunth (Polygalaceae) and Crataegus pubescens (C. Presl) C. Presl (Rosaceae) against S. schenckii. This is the first report on antifungal activity of the Latin American plants against these two subcutaneous fungi. CONCLUSION: S. schenkii and F. pedrosoi were inhibited by B. huanita (MIC: 12.5 and 25 µg/mL), G. gaudichaudianum (MIC: 50 and 12.5 µg/mL) and T. triflora (MIC: 25 µg/mL).
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sporothrix/efeitos dos fármacos , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/análise , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Etanol/farmacologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , América Latina , Medicina Tradicional , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fungos Mitospóricos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Terminalia/química , Terminalia/metabolismoRESUMO
Fue evaluada la actividad de extractos acuosos y etánolicos de cinco especies de basidiomicetos comestibles; Armillariella polymyces (Silip en Q´ eqchi´), Cantharellus lateritius (Anacate), Laccaria amethystina (sombrerito, sombrero de Xara, monja), Lactarius deliciosus (Shara amarilla, amacaria, cabeza de xara) Pleurotus ostreatus (Hongo ostra, hongo blanco), sobre la proliferación de linfocitos y la activación del sistema de complemento. El efecto sobre la linfoproliferación, fue medido evaluando la viabilidad celular de linfocitos humanos que fueron enfrentados a diferentes concentraciones de extracto acuoso y etanólico de cada basidiomiceto. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron actividad inhibitoria inespecífica (ya que no se encontró efecto de dosis-respuesta)...
