En cuanto a los aspectos económicos, en especial el gasto provocado por estas enfermedades, no vaUnidades de espalda: un modelo multidisciplinario / Low back pain: multidisciplinary treatment

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[Alcohol-related problems in Cantabria]. / Problemas relacionados con el alcohol en Cantabria.

It is a cross sectorial epidemiological community survey into a random sample of 1,816 adult people. The objetivo of our work is to test the existence of some social-demographic variables that can be accumulated to the existence of alcohol related problems. We found that the men, the young people, with low socioeconomic level, and semiurban style of life have the highest risk of alcohol related problems. 48% of the sample men have recognized any alcohol related problems during the previous year to our study. The highest problem prevalence is associated to increased alcohol consumption. After all, there are many people with low alcohol consumption who have alcohol related problems.

[Bibliographic analysis of the concept "alcohol-related problems"]. / Análisis bibliográfico del concepto "problemas relacionados con el alcohol".

This survey, which is related to one of the research lines of our Unit, has a main objective to conduct a bibliographic analysis, in the medical literature of the "Alcohol Related Problems", (A.R.P.) concept. For this reviewed, by means of the MEDLINE data base, the last five years of the international scientific literature, selecting as key words: "Alcohol Related Problems", "Epidemiology", "Alcohol Drinking", "Social Problems". We detected 215 publications with abstracts, 174 presented data from epidemiological surveys and the remaining 31 were related to theoretical aspect. In 90 per cent of the revised articles alcohol was considered a risk factor and cause of illness; however, only 13 percent of them used the A.R.P. terminology. The majority of these studies were related to epidemiological surveys, mainly of a descriptive nature and with a cross-sectional or a retrospective design. We also identified, among other things, an increasing interest for the medical and social aspects of the A.R.P., this appears to be related to a more innovative view of this health problems.

[Social and family variables related to alcohol consumption]. / Variables sociofamiliares relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol.

The present study analyzed some family factors which are considered to be relevant for excessive alcohol consumption. Such analysis is conducted on the data derived from a cross-sectional epidemiological community survey directed to investigate, in a random sample of 1.800 persons of 18 to 65 years of age--and representative of the population of Cantabria--community responses to alcohol consumption. For this we applied among other instruments, a questionnaire designed by the WHO for exploring Alcohol consumption, and which has being extensively used in other countries. We found, among other things, that: i) Among the males excessive alcohol consumption tends to be higher in the single marital status, and also in those with a higher number of brothers; ii) On the females on the contrary, single marital status is associates to higher percentages of non excessive alcohol consumption, while the fact of having a higher number of brothers is related to higher rates of non consumption of alcohol.

[Family response and alcohol consumption]. / Respuesta familiar y consumo de alcohol.

The present study has its main objective the analysis of family responses to excessive alcohol consumption. For this we used data derived from a cross-sectional epidemiological community survey directed to investigate, in a random sample of 1.800 persons of 18 to 65 years of age and representative of the population of Cantabria community responses to alcohol consumption. We applied, among other instruments, a questionnaire designed by the WHO for exploring alcohol consumption, and which has being extensively used in other settings. We found, among other things, that: i) The concern about parents excessive alcohol consumption has different repercussions depending of the sex of their children, thus producing more alcohol related problems in males; ii) The concern for the alcohol consumption of ones partner is more often seeing in females, thus females tend to be more sensitive to these problems, and also they tend to detect them earlier and be more tolerant to them; iii) Persons who worry for the alcohol consumption of their partners usually have also had parents with such sort of problems; iv) And lastly about 11% of males and 13% of females with adolescent children tend to worry about the children' excessive alcohol consumption.

[Prevalence and psychosocial patterns of alcohol consumption in Cantabria]. / Prevalencia y patrones psicosociales de consumo de alcohol en Cantabria.

This is a cross-sectional community survey directed to investigate aspects related ot the alcohol consumption of 1,816 persons, of 16-65 years of age, representative of the population of Cantabria. It was found, among other things, that 7% of the male and 23% of the female were abstinent, being the prevalence for excessive alcohol consumption of 14.36% for males and of 0.22% for females. We also found, especially among the younger age groups, a growing female incorporation into the masculine patterns of alcohol consumption. It was also analyzed in the study the characteristics of the patterns of alcohol consumption. We found, in this respect, for the different socio-demographic groups of this community, specific profiles of alcohol consumption.

[Problems of sampling and fieldwork in community health studies]. / Problemas de muestreo y de trabajo de campo en los estudios comunitarios de salud.

We analyse in this paper, from the experience acquired in different community surveys, some methodological aspects which we consider essential for the development of these projects. The aspects reviewed are integrated in the following three fundamental areas: --Costs and financing. --Sampling strategy. --Field work: preparation and execution. The advantages and disadvantages of the different possible alternatives, in each of the three areas, are discussed on the light of the data obtained in the project which on "Alcohol related problems" we are conducting in Cantabria.

The psychiatric correlates of coronary pathology: validity of the GHQ-60 as a screening instrument.

The 60-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) were administered to a consecutive series of 194 patients with established or presumptive coronary heart disease (CHD) attending an out-patient cardiology unit. The GHQ proved to be a valid instrument for the routine screening of this population. The presence of organic anginal pain was associated with high scores on the GHQ, but with a lower specificity and a higher percentage of false positives. This was not found in patients with atypical or non-cardiac chest pain. These findings suggest a need for an upward revision of the cut-off score on the GHQ in patients with organic anginal pain. False negatives were found predominantly among patients with personality disorders, and in those characterized by the longstanding nature of their symptomatology and by higher levels of defensiveness.