Traumatic myositis ossificans of the temporal muscle after dental local anesthesia.

Key Clinical Message: Traumatic myositis ossificans of the temporal muscle can occur following local trauma. The diagnosis could be considered for patients presenting with therapy-resistant trismus after intraoral procedures. Abstract: A female in her 30s developed ossification of the temporal muscle attachment after local trauma during dental treatment, resulting in an inability to open her mouth. Following surgical treatment and physical therapy acceptable mouth opening and masticatory function was achieved.

Dual-crosslinked 3D printed gelatin scaffolds with potential for temporomandibular joint cartilage regeneration.

A promising alternative to current treatment options for degenerative conditions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is cartilage tissue engineering, using 3D printed scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells. Gelatin, with its inherent biocompatibility and printability has been proposed as a scaffold biomaterial, but because of its thermoreversible properties, rapid degradation and inadequate strength it must be crosslinked to be stable in physiological conditions. The aim of this study was to identify non-toxic and effective crosslinking methods intended to improve the physical properties of 3D printed gelatin scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Dehydrothermal (DHT), ribose glycation and dual crosslinking with both DHT and ribose treatments were tested. The crosslinked scaffolds were characterized by chemical, mechanical, and physical analysis. The dual-crosslinked scaffolds had the highest degree of crosslinking and the greatest resistance to hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation. Compared to the dual-crosslinked group, the ribose-crosslinked scaffolds had thinner printed strands, larger pore surface area and higher fluid uptake. The compressive modulus values were 2 kPa for ribose, 37.6 kPa for DHT and 30.9 kPa for dual-crosslinked scaffolds. None of the crosslinking methods had cytotoxic effects on the seeded rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC). After 4 and 7 d, the dual-crosslinked scaffolds exhibited better cell proliferation than the other groups. Although all scaffolds supported chondrogenic differentiation of rBMSC, dual-crosslinked scaffolds demonstrated the lowest expression of the hypertrophy-related collagen 10 gene after 21 d. The results show that 3D printed gelatin scaffolds, when dually crosslinked with ribose and DHT methods, are not toxic, promote chondrogenic differentiation of rBMSC and have potential application in tissue engineering of TMJ condylar cartilage.

Multiple brain abscesses and ventriculitis secondary to chronic periodontitis.

Chronic marginal periodontitis is a common oral disease, but can in rare cases cause severe intracranial infection. This case illustrates that poor dental status can be life threatening, in particular for immunocompromised patients.

Scaffold-Based Temporomandibular Joint Tissue Regeneration in Experimental Animal Models: A Systematic Review.

Reconstruction of degenerated temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures remains a clinical challenge. Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising alternative to current treatment options, where the TMJ is either left without functional components, or replaced with autogenous, allogeneic, or synthetic grafts. The objective of this systematic review was to answer the focused question: in experimental animal models, does the implantation of biomaterial scaffolds loaded with cells and/or growth factors (GFs) enhance regeneration of the discal or osteochondral TMJ tissues, compared with scaffolds alone, without cells, or GFs? Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, electronic databases were searched for relevant controlled preclinical in vivo studies. Thirty studies reporting TMJ TE strategies in both small (rodents, rabbits; n = 25) and large animals (dogs, sheep, goats; n = 5) reporting histological and/or radiographic outcomes were included. Twelve studies reported ectopic (subcutaneous) implantation models in rodents, whereas 18 studies reported orthotopic, surgically induced defect models in large animals. On average, studies presented with an unclear-to-high risk of bias. In most studies, mesenchymal stem cells or chondrocytes were used in combination with either natural or synthetic polymer scaffolds, aiming for either TMJ disc or condyle regeneration. In summary, the overall preclinical evidence (ectopic [n = 6] and orthotopic TMJ models [n = 6]) indicate that addition of chondrogenic and/or osteogenic cells to biomaterial scaffolds enhances the potential for TMJ tissue regeneration. Standardization of animal models and quantitative outcome evaluations (biomechanical, biochemical, histomorphometric, and radiographic) in future studies, would allow more reliable comparisons and increase the validity of the results.