Diagnostic Problem in a Child With an Isolated Renal Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report.

Cystic hydatid disease is a parasitic disease caused by the larvae of the small tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is still a serious public health problem in endemic regions such as the Mediterranean basin, especially in the Balkans. Usually, the complaints caused by the cysts are non-specific and there are rarely abnormalities in routine laboratory tests. The most common is the involvement of the liver. The frequency of isolated kidney involvement, especially in a child, is uncommon. We describe a rare pediatric case of an isolated renal hydatid cyst presenting with a urinary tract infection-like clinical presentation, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Neonatal urinoma associated with ascites in a newborn with a solitary kidney.

Fetal urinomas are often diagnosed in prenatal ultrasonography. The etiology is usually an obstructive uropathy leading to hydronephrosis and increased intrarenal pressure putting future kidney function at risk. Rupture of pyelocaliceal system in such cases may lead to retroperitoneal urinoma or urinary ascites, sepsis, uraemia, and acute renal failure. On the other hand, this may serve as "pop-off valve" mechanism decreasing intrarenal pressure and protecting from definitive kidney function loss. We present a case of a newborn girl with a retroperitoneal urinoma, ascites, uraemia, and obstruction of a solitary right kidney, which was successfully treated minimally invasively through peritoneal and retroperitoneal drainage and intubation of the right ureter with a DJ stent shortly after birth.

A rare case of congenital anterior urethral diverticulum in a two-year-old boy.

Congenital diverticulum is a very rare disease of the urethra in which there is a sacculus enlargement on its ventral surface. We present a Case of a 2-year-old boy with symptoms of urinary hesitancy and swelling in the penoscrotal angle that appears during micturition. The diagnosis of urethral diverticulum is confirmed by retrograde urethrography and voiding cystogram. An open operation was performed - diverticulectomy and primary repair of the urethra.

Epididymal Dirofilariasis in a Child: First Case Report from Bulgaria.

OBJECTIVE: To present case of a child with epididymal dirofil-ariasis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the Clinic of Pediatric Urology for elective surgery treatment of epididymal cyst on the left side. After removal, the cyst was sent for histological examination. Microscopic examination of the histological slides revealed cross-sections of a nematode belonging to Dirofilaria spp., differentiated morphologically as D. repens. After surgery, the patient recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS: In most parts around the world, dirofilariasis is a rare and neglected infection. Nevertheless, the clinicians and pathologists must be informed about it.