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Objective: To investigate the effects of four therapeutic methods in the comprehensive treatment of China liver cancer staging (CNLC)â ¡a~â ¢a stage multiple hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: A retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical data of patients with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (CNLC stage â ¡a-â ¢a), who received transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE group, 73 cases), radiofrequency ablation (RFA group, 70 cases), TACE combined RFA (TACE combined RFA group, 69 cases) and surgical resection combined RFA (surgical resection combined RFA group, 57 cases) in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 11, 2010 to January 31, 2017. The general data of age, gender, primary tumor, and laboratory examination were collected. The differences in overall survival rates and the survival rates among stratified subgrouping with different clinical factors between the four groups of patients were compared by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression model analyzed the prognostic factors. Result: A total of 269 patients were enrolled and there were 194 males and 59 females with a median age of 58 years ranging from 23 to 84. The TACE group's 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were 43.5%, 10.2%, and 0, respectively. The RFA group were 46.3%, 17.7%, and 0, respectively. The TACE combined RFA group were 56.8%, 21.5%, and 2.3%, respectively. The surgical resection combined RFA group was 76.5%, 38.7%, and 3.8%, respectively. The surgical resection combined RFA group has the best outcome(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that surgery combined RFA, tumor diameter<5 cm, no vascular invasion, preoperative AFP≤400 µg/L and TB<34 µmol/L are protective factors to improve the survival prognosis of patients with CNLCâ ¡a~â ¢a stage multiple hepatocellular carcinoma(HR=0.784,0.718,0.633,0.846,0.617;all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that surgery combined RFA, tumor diameter<5 cm, preoperative AFP≤400 µg/L were independent risk prognostic factors for CNLCâ ¡a-â ¢a stage multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HR=0.702,0.743,0.647;all P<0.05). Conclusions: Surgical resection combined RFA is an effective method for the treatment of stage â ¡a-â ¢a hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical resection combined RFA has more advantages in treatment patients with complicated hepatocellular carcinoma whose diameter<5 cm, tumor number<3, and preoperative AFP≤400 µg/L. Surgical resection combined RFA, tumor diameter<5 cm, preoperative AFP≤400 µg/L are independent influencing factors for the survival prognosis of patients with complicated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ablação por Cateter , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , China , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the development and progression of human cancers, including Gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we investigated the correlation of miR-122-5p expression with cell proliferation, and apoptosis in a GC cell line. GC cells SCG 7901 were transfected with control, miR-122-5p or miR-122-5p inhibitor and MTT assay, western blot, and BrdU staining were respectively used to investigate the effect of miR-122-5p on GC cell cycle. The overexpression of miR-122-5p could reduce cell proliferation in SCG7901 cells, and BrdU staining finally verified miR-122-5p induced cell growth arrest by upregulation p27 expression in SCG7901cells. On the other hand, cells apoptosis research showed that miR-122-5p induced apoptosis by targeting MYC in SCG7901 cells. Finally, in this study, miR-122-5p was confirmed inhibiting tumor GC cells proliferation and inducing cells apoptosis by targeting MYC. All these findings suggest that miR-122-5p may be involved in progression of GC and could be a new therapeutic target for this disease.
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Apoptose/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Western Blotting , Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p27/genética , Progressão da Doença , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Transfecção , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
We investigated the role of modified Da Chengqi granules in improving immune function in early severe acute pancreatitis patients. Early severe acute pancreatitis patients who agreed to receive combined treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. All subjects received conventional therapy to support organ function. The experimental group also received modified Da Chengqi granules. Cytokine (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels, immunological markers (HLA-DR, Treg, and Th1/Th2), urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio, and endotoxin levels were measured at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after hospital admission. The total mortality rate was 11.69% (9/77), which was significantly lower in the experimental group [4.88% (2/41)] than in the control group [19.44% (7/36); χ(2) = 3.940, P < 0.05]. Serum interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and endotoxin levels and the lactulose/mannitol ratio were significantly lower on day 7 and day 14 than on day 1 in experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). Immunological indices were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group on day 14 (all P < 0.01 or 0.05). HLA-DR-positive cell ratio gradually increased over 14 days in experimental and control groups (P < 0.01 vs day 1), but was higher in the experimental group than in the control group by day 14 (P < 0.05). Notably, Treg cell prevalence and Th1/Th2 cell ratio deteriorated within 7 days in both groups (P < 0.01 vs day 1), but then returned to day 1 levels (P < 0.01 or 0.05 vs day 1). Significant differences in Treg levels and Th1/Th2 cell ratio between experimental and control groups were observed on day 14 (P < 0.01). These results show that modified Da Chengqi granules can improve immune function in early severe acute pancreatitis patients.
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Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Citocinas/sangue , Endotoxinas/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lactulose/urina , Masculino , Manitol/urina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equilíbrio Th1-Th2RESUMO
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites have been intensively used in various industries due to their superior properties. In aircraft and aerospace industry, a large number of holes are required to be drilled into CFRP components at final stage for aircraft assembling. There are two major types of methods for hole making of CFRP composites in industry, twist drilling and its derived multi-points machining methods, and grinding and its related methods. The first type of methods are commonly used in hole making of CFRP composites. However, in recent years, rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM), a hybrid machining process combining ultrasonic machining and grinding, has also been successfully used in drilling of CFRP composites. It has been shown that RUM is superior to twist drilling in many aspects. However, there are no reported investigations on comparisons between RUM and grinding in drilling of CFRP. In this paper, these two drilling methods are compared in five aspects, including cutting force, torque, surface roughness, hole diameter, and material removal rate.
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The aim of this study was to understand how cutting orientation in poplar wood biomass size reduction affects enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield of wood particles. A metal cutting (milling) machine was used to produce poplar wood particles from three cutting orientations. Results showed that cutting orientation significantly affected enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield of wood particles. In this study, size reduction from the optimum cutting orientation produced 50% more sugars than the other two cutting orientations. Particles from the cutting orientation with the highest sugar yield had a large enzyme accessible area (125 mg orange dye/g biomass, as evaluated by Simons' stain procedure) and low crystallinity (50% crystallinity index, as calculated by the Segal method). Furthermore, small particle size did not necessarily lead to improvement in enzymatic digestibility.
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Biomassa , Celulase/química , Celulose/química , Madeira , Cristalização , Glucose/química , Hidrólise , Tamanho da Partícula , Populus , Propriedades de Superfície , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting can increase cellulosic biomass density and reduce biomass handling and transportation costs in cellulosic biofuel manufacturing. Effects of input variables on pellet density in UV-A pelleting have been studied experimentally. However, there are no reports on modeling of pellet density in UV-A pelleting. Furthermore, in the literature, most reported density models in other pelleting methods of biomass are empirical. This paper presents a constitutive model to predict pellet density in UV-A pelleting. With the predictive model, relations between input variables (ultrasonic power and pelleting pressure) and pellet density are predicted. The predicted relations are compared with those determined experimentally in the literature. Model predictions agree well with reported experimental results.
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Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/efeitos da radiação , Triticum , Ultrassom , Vibração , Simulação por Computador , Transferência de Energia/efeitos da radiação , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos QuímicosRESUMO
Temperature in ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting of cellulosic biomass has a significant impact on pellet quality. However, there are no reports on temperature models for UV-A pelleting of cellulosic biomass. The development of a physics-based temperature model can help to explain experimentally determined relations between UV-A pelleting process variables and temperature, and provide guidelines to optimize these process variables in order to produce pellets of good quality. This paper presents such a model for UV-A pelleting of cellulosic biomass. Development of the model is described first. Then temperature distribution is investigated using the model, and temperature difference between the top and the bottom surfaces of a pellet is explained. Based on this model, relations between process variables (ultrasonic power and pelleting duration) and temperature are predicted. Experiments were conducted for model verification, and the results agreed well with model predictions.
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Biomassa , Celulose/química , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Sonicação/métodos , Triticum/química , Transferência de Energia , Desenho de Equipamento , Modelos Teóricos , Sonicação/instrumentação , Temperatura , VibraçãoRESUMO
Reported drilling methods for CFRP/Ti stacks include twist drilling, end milling, core grinding, and their derived methods. The literature does not have any report on drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks using rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM). This paper, for the first time, reports a study on drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks using RUM. It also compares results on drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks using RUM with reported results on drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks using other methods. When drilling CFRP/Ti stacks using RUM, cutting force, torque, and CFRP surface roughness were lower, hole size variation was smaller, CFRP groove depth was smaller, tool life was longer, and there was no obvious Ti exit burr and CFRP entrance delamination. Ti surface roughness when drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks using RUM was about the same as those when using other methods.
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Cellulosic biomass can be used as a feedstock for biofuel manufacturing. Pelleting of cellulosic biomass can increase its bulk density and thus improve its storability and reduce the feedstock transportation costs. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting can produce biomass pellets whose density is comparable to that processed by traditional pelleting methods (e.g. extruding, briquetting, and rolling). This study applied response surface methodology to the development of a predictive model for the energy consumption in UV-A pelleting of wheat straw. Effects of pelleting pressure, ultrasonic power, sieve size, and pellet weight were investigated. This study also optimized the process parameters to minimize the energy consumption in UV-A pelleting using response surface methodology. Optimal conditions to minimize the energy consumption were the following: ultrasonic power at 20%, sieve size at 4 mm, and pellet weight at 1g, and the minimum energy consumption was 2.54 Wh.
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Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/efeitos da radiação , Extratos Vegetais/síntese química , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos da radiação , Sonicação/métodos , Triticum/química , Triticum/efeitos da radiação , Simulação por Computador , Transferência de Energia/efeitos da radiação , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Químicos , VibraçãoRESUMO
Cutting force is one of the most important output variables in rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. Many experimental investigations on cutting force in RUM of CFRP have been reported. However, in the literature, there are no cutting force models for RUM of CFRP. This paper develops a mechanistic predictive model for cutting force in RUM of CFRP. The material removal mechanism of CFRP in RUM has been analyzed first. The model is based on the assumption that brittle fracture is the dominant mode of material removal. CFRP micromechanical analysis has been conducted to represent CFRP as an equivalent homogeneous material to obtain the mechanical properties of CFRP from its components. Based on this model, relationships between input variables (including ultrasonic vibration amplitude, tool rotation speed, feedrate, abrasive size, and abrasive concentration) and cutting force can be predicted. The relationships between input variables and important intermediate variables (indentation depth, effective contact time, and maximum impact force of single abrasive grain) have been investigated to explain predicted trends of cutting force. Experiments are conducted to verify the model, and experimental results agree well with predicted trends from this model.
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Carbono/química , Carbono/efeitos da radiação , Indústrias/métodos , Modelos Químicos , Plásticos/química , Plásticos/efeitos da radiação , Sonicação/métodos , Fibra de Carbono , Simulação por Computador , Doses de Radiação , Resistência ao Cisalhamento/efeitos da radiação , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
The formulation of quercetin nanoliposomes (QUE-NLs) has been shown to enhance QUE antitumor activity in C6 glioma cells. At high concentrations, QUE-NLs induce necrotic cell death. In this study, we probed the molecular mechanisms of QUE-NL-induced C6 glioma cell death and examined whether QUE-NL-induced programmed cell death involved Bcl-2 family and mitochondrial pathway through STAT3 signal transduction pathway. Downregulation of Bcl-2 and the overexpression of Bax by QUE-NL supported the involvement of Bcl-2 family proteins upstream of C6 glioma cell death. In addition, the activation of JAK2 and STAT3 were altered following exposure to QUE-NLs in C6 glioma cells, suggesting that QUE-NLs downregulated Bcl-2 mRNAs expression and enhanced the expression of mitochondrial mRNAs through STAT3-mediated signaling pathways either via direct or indirect mechanisms. There are several components such as ROS, mitochondrial, and Bcl-2 family shared by the necrotic and apoptotic pathways. Our studies indicate that the signaling cross point of the mitochondrial pathway and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in C6 glioma cell death is modulated by QUE-NLs. In conclusion, regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway agonists alone or in combination with treatment by QUE-NLs could be a more effective method of treating chemical-resistant glioma.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Quercetina/farmacologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Forma Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Glioma , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Lipossomos/química , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanocápsulas/química , Necrose , Tamanho da Partícula , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Tirfostinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are very difficult to machine. A large number of holes need to be drilled in CFRP for many applications. Therefore, it is important to develop cost-effective drilling processes. CFRP has been drilled by rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) successfully. The literature has reports about the effects of input variables on output variables (including cutting force, torque, surface roughness, tool wear, and workpiece delamination) in RUM of CFRP. However, there are no reports on power consumption in RUM of CFRP. This paper reports the first study on power consumption in RUM of CFRP. It reports an experimental investigation on effects of input variables (ultrasonic power, tool rotation speed, feedrate, and type of CFRP) on power consumption of each component (including ultrasonic power supply, spindle motor, coolant pump, and air compressor) and the entire RUM system.
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Size reduction is the first step for manufacturing biofuels from woody biomass. It is usually performed using milling machines and the particle size is controlled by the size of the sieve installed on a milling machine. There are reported studies about the effects of sieve size on energy consumption in milling of woody biomass. These studies show that energy consumption increased dramatically as sieve size became smaller. However, in these studies, the sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield) in hydrolysis of the milled woody biomass was not measured. The lack of comprehensive studies about the effects of sieve size on energy consumption in biomass milling and sugar yield in hydrolysis process makes it difficult to decide which sieve size should be selected in order to minimize the energy consumption in size reduction and maximize the sugar yield in hydrolysis. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in the literature. In this paper, knife milling of poplar wood was conducted using sieves of three sizes (1, 2, and 4 mm). Results show that, as sieve size increased, energy consumption in knife milling decreased and sugar yield in hydrolysis increased in the tested range of particle sizes.