[Human sexuality in nursing education]. / Sexualidade humana na formação do enfermeiro.

A questionnaire was applied to undergraduate nursing students in order to verify the ideas on the sexuality theme they had absorbed from the notions they received in their nursing undergraduate program. Results showed that most of these students have slightly, limited and unbased notions concerning human sexuality. They also use the terms sex and sexuality as if they were synonyms. Therefore, authors concluded that these students need to acquire knowledge about sexuality and some professional situations experienced are also mentioned. They also discussed the type of knowledge received and which courses approach it during the program.

[Contribution to the understanding of the sexuality of partners of people with permanent colostomy]. / Subsídios para a compreensão da sexualidade do parceiro do sujeito portador de colostomia definitiva.

The general purpose of the present investigation was to describe the sexual interactions involving colostomized individuals, aiming at understanding this experience. The authors aimed also at identifying the mode regarding sexual procedures used by colostomized individuals and the possible effects of colostomy on these procedures. Therefore, a semi-structured interview, recorded or not, was applied to partners of colostomized subjects. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the content analysis technique. Authors divided the results in 39 subcategories with 4.361 speech units that were gathered in three main categories. The category I "Precedence of the crisis" included 4 subcategories with 113 (36.67%) speech units. The category II "Crisis" comprised 17 subcategories with 1599 (36.67%) speech units and Category III "Crisis' Results" comprehended 18 subcategories with 2649 (60.74%) speech units. Data were validated by an expert on content analysis and the conclusion was that the main concern of health professionals is to keep subjects with a definitive colostomy alive, providing orientations focussing on the stoma, its care and gastrointestinal function. The speech of partners showed a clear presence of post-crisis results, representing a great danger to their general and sexual integrity and to their general and sexual adaptation on a short, medium and long-term basis.

[Maternal age as risk factor: a study on first-time pregnant women 28 years old or older]. / Idade materna como fator de risco: estudo com primigestas na faixa etária igual ou superior a 28 anos.

This is a transverse-type designed study with the aim analyze maternal age as a risk factor, and as not a risk factor, through the verification of incidents during pregnancy, birth and puerperium of first time pregnant women with age equal or higher than 28 years old; as well as birth conditions and discharge of their newborns, comparing them with a group of first time pregnant women from 20 to 27 years old. The study was carried out in Botucatu, São Paulo, from January, 1990 to June, 1995. The statistical analysis, discussed at the level of 5% of significance, was developed through Mann-Whitney test, Goodman test and the evaluation of relative risk and corrected relative risk through Mantel-Haenszel technique. We concluded that maternal age equal or higher than 28 years old, is not a pregnancy, puerperal and intrapartum risk factor, although, on the other hand, it was a risk factor even after controlled parturition for the following perinatal incidents: newborn tachypnea, generalized cyanosis at birth and neonatal infection.

[Information and education on sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS and human sexuality--a case report after 14 years of experience]. / Informação/educação em DST/AIDS/sexualidade humana--um relato de experiência de 14 anos.

The authors present their 14-year experience about Information/education on sexually transmitted diseases/Aids and human sexuality. They describe the actions implemented, emphasizing the positive and negative points. Concerning the positive results they mention the divulgation of information about preventive measures against HIV infection/Aids, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and human sexuality to several people from scientific and non scientific community. Another positive point is the transmission of knowledge gotten in such experiences at undergraduation and graduation teaching, as well as the development of research. Concerning the negative aspects, the difficult to evaluate the information actions, specially lectures was perceived, mainly because it is a communication tool basically unilateral. The authors mention some facts that historically influenced the implementation of the official actions.

[Grounded theory as an approach to interpretive research]. / A teoria fundamentada nos dados como abordagem da pesquisa interpretativa.

Interpretative research comprehends studies on qualitative methodology and inductive research. According to Lowenberg's classification (1994), grounded theory is a type of interpretative research situated as a variant of symbolic interaction. The purpose of the present study was to discuss grounded theory as a methodological reference, presenting it and indicating its method. The following stages were presented: collection of empirical data, proceedings of data codification or analysis; open coding, axial coding or concept modification and integration and theory delimitation. The studies of CALIRI (1994) and CASSIANI (1994) exemplified the utilization of this methodological reference. Finally, authors visualized grounded theory as an useful reference of analysis, providing means and orienting, through its stages, the researcher aiming at using it.

[Analysis of an interactive situation in the light of Rickelman's and de Laing's theory]. / Análise de uma situação interacional à luz dos referenciais teóricos de Rickelman e de Laing.

The authors utilized Rickelman's Bio-Psycho-Social Linguistics Interaction Model and Laing's Interpersonal Perception Theory categories to classify and describe an interaction situation, supposing that these theoretical frameworks were compatible. They concluded that, in despite of some identified convergent theoretic aspects, their practical application evidenced substantive differences, derived from philosophical basis, that raised difficulties or objections to their concomitant use.

[Study of pregnant women at a municipal health center in Botucatu, Sao Paulo. Relationship between low maternal weight and low birth weight]. / Estudo com gestantes atendidas em um centro municipal de saúde da periferia de Botucatu-São Paulo-relação entre baixo peso materno e baixo peso ao nascer do concepto.

This study evaluated a group of 15 low-weight pregnant women, who underwent prenatal medical examinations at a City Health Center on the outskirts of Botucatu-SP, using the "Rosso Curve", and compared them with a group of 8 normal-weight pregnant women, also screened by the same institution at the same prenatal service. We verified that the children born from normal-weight pregnant women weighted an average 118 g more than those of low-weight pregnant women. Independent of the mother's weight, those born from mothers whose height was greater than 155 cm and were non-smokers weighed more. Pregnant women of normal weight had, on average, an additional 2 weeks of pregnancy: Amongst those born of low weight pregnant women, we noted a connection between medium birth weight and an increase on the uterine height curve X gestational age. There was no connection between maternal anemia and interpartial intervals less than to 2 years and birth weight.

[Information theory as an instrument for research on verbal integration between the AIDS carrier and the nursing team]. / Teoria da informação como instrumento de pesquisa na integração verbal entre o portador de AIDS e a equipe de enfermagem.

The objective of this paper was to verify the use of variables included in the information Theory in study that deals with verbal interaction between AIDS patients and Nursing team. The results showed that the use of the variability calculation in data retained in SAVI matrix improves the statistical data and permit that the quality of the dialogue can be evaluated.

[A model of the analysis of nursing knowledge]. / Modelo de análise do conhecimento na enfermagem.

We present an analysis based on the systemic idea where production, dissemination and utilization are constituting elements of knowledge, interdependent, allowing, in a global approach, identification of the interactions and areas of intersection. Each part, with its specific dynamism, interacts with the others, creating areas which contribute to growth. The concomitant intersection of the parts is characterized as the essence of knowledge and the dynamics of these seek the equifinality of the system: the incorporation of knowledge to practice.

The telephone survey: a methodological strategy for obtaining information.

Studies have shown that students and the general population have little knowledge about nursing schools and the nursing profession. This study investigates the extent to which a sample of the population of Brazil is aware of the existence of nursing schools, and how they have obtained this information. Data were collected by telephone interviews. The sample consisted of 326 subjects whose telephone numbers were taken from the telephone book. Analysis showed that 73% of the subjects were aware of the existence of two nursing schools in the city; however, 65.03% did not know the names of these schools. Direct communication with friends and family, as well as indirect communication by television and advertising, were the sources of information mentioned by those questioned.

[The telephone interview: the methodological strategy for collecting population data]. / Entrevista por telefone: estratégia metodológica para coletar informações da população.

The interview by telephone is not an ordinary procedure to obtain investigation data. By knowing that is rarely used in Brazil, the study was planned aiming to: identify the individuals' characteristics who answer the sampled telephones; raise the interviews' statements about the operational technique and evaluate the telephone used as data collection procedure. The data indicate that most of the people who were interviewed, were females, between 30 and 40 years old and housewives. The interviewers considered between 30 and 40 years old and housewives. The interviewers considered the experience interesting, in despite of the difficulty to maintain people talking on the phone. The authors state that the interview by telephone is an efficient and fast way of bringing up data for investigation which aims to raise opinions about certain matters.

[Breast feeding and dietary supplementation]. / Aleitamento materno e suplementação alimentar.

This study was conducted in five health centers of the Secretariat of Health of the State of São Paulo, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, during July 1983. In order to ascertain feeding practices, interviews were given to 389 mothers at the time of their children's enrollment in the food supplement program. Contradictions were observed between the objectives and implementation of the breast-feeding promotion program in view of the high number of children enrolled in the milk supplement program prior to reaching six months of age, and the number of those under three months who were partially or completely breast-fed and were also being enrolled in the supplement program. The major reasons given by mothers for early weaning were that they had insufficient milk or their "milk had dried up", followed by the mother's need to work outside the home, and mammary causes. Maintaining breast-feeding up to the time of enrollment of the child in the milk supplement program was associated with mothers who were multiparous and had had previous experience with breast-feeding.

Health education in the scientific production of the graduate program of the Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

There are eight institutions offering a total of 10 masters courses in nursing in Brazil. The Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EERP-USP) offers a doctoral course in nursing. The school has been recognized as an Investigation Reference Center for Latin America by the WHO. The purpose of the study was to determine how health education has been studied in the production of graduates at the Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, USP. The study field consisted of 87 thesis and dissertations produced since the inception of the graduate course (1977-1987). Studies in the educational function category represented 20% (18) of the sample. Among them six studies envolved the situation of nursing student education, 10 patient/client education, and two education of the nursing staff. The results showed the learning process is not covered the learning process. The findings suggested future studies will move from the 'diagnosis' of information needs to analysis of changes.

O aleitamento materno do recem-nascido. Fatores mamarios condicionantes. / Breast feeding of the newborn infant. Influence of conditioning mamary factors

O estudo dos fatores mamarios que interferem no aleitamento materno foi o objetivo da presente investigacao. Constatou-se que anomalias de mamilo, o dia pos-parto da ocorrencia do ingurgitamento mamario, o trauma mamilar e a sensacao dolorosa nos mamilos estao associados ao desmame e introducao de mamadeira suplementar para o recem-nascido, na primeira semana de vida

[Action on post-parturients with breast engorgement]. / Ação de puérperas frente ao ingurgitamento mamário.

PIP: This paper studied the use of pumping motion manual expression and mechanical expression among 260 parturients and indicates that 201 (85%) had engorged breasts. During engorgement, the parturients used pumping motion (87, 37.55%); 71 (32.12%) used manual expression; and 92 (41.62%) applied moist heat to the breasts. The action was associated with income per capita. The pumping motion and application of moist heat to the breast were used by mothers with income equal or greater than 1 minimum wage. However, use of manual expression was verified among the mothers with income equal or greater than 2 minimum wages. The variables, date of onset of engorgement and its duration, were not associated with the actions. (author's modified)^ieng