RESUMO
To curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, we characterize the virucidal activity of long-acting Povidone Iodine (PVP-I) compositions developed using an in-situ gel forming technology. The PVP-I gel forming nasal spray (IVIEW-1503) and PVP-I gel forming ophthalmic eye drop (IVIEW-1201) rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2, inhibiting the viral infection of VERO76 cells. No toxicity was observed for the PVP-I formulations. Significant inactivation was noted with preincubation of the virus with these PVP-I formulations at the lowest concentrations tested. It has been demonstrated that both PVP-I formulations can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 virus efficiently in both a dose-dependent and a time-dependent manner. These results suggest IVIEW-1503 and IVIEW-1201 could be potential agents to reduce or prevent the transmission of the virus through the nasal cavity and the eye, respectively. Further studies are needed to clinically evaluate these formulations in early-stage COVID-19 patients.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of posterior malleolus fixation on the function of ankle in patients with ankle fracture. METHODS: Between June 2007 and June 2009, 110 patients with ankle fracture were treated with posterior malleolus fixation in 59 patients (fixation group) or without fixation in 51 patients (non-fixation group). In fixation group, there were 31 males and 28 females with an average age of 62.6 years (range, 19-75 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (20 cases), falling (18 cases), and sprain (21 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.2 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 32 cases and right ankle in 27 cases, including 6 cases of type I, 23 of type II, 19 of type III, and 11 of type IV according to the ankle fracture classification. In non-fixation group, there were 38 males and 13 females with an average age of 64.5 years (range, 16-70 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (15 cases), falling (12 cases), and sprain (24 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.5 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 22 cases and right ankle in 29 cases, including 8 cases of type I, 16 of type II, 19 of type III, and 8 of type IV according to the ankle fracture classification. There was no significant difference in general data between 2 groups (P > 0.05). RESULTS: All patients of 2 groups achieved wound healing by first intention. The patients were followed up 12-18 months (16 months on average). X-ray films showed that fractures healed at 8-12 weeks (10 weeks on average) in fixation group and at 10-14 weeks (12 weeks on average) in non-fixation group. There were significant differences in the clinical score (89.28 +/- 8.62 vs. 86.88 +/- 9.47, P < 0.05), postoperative reposition score (33.34 +/- 2.15 vs. 31.24 +/- 2.89, P < 0.05), and osteoarthritis score (13.22 +/- 1.66 vs. 12.46 +/- 2.03, P < 0.05) according to Phillips ankle scoring system between 2 groups at last follow-up. There was no significant difference in clinical score of type I and II patients between 2 groups (P > 0.05), but significant differences were found in clinical score and osteoarthritis score of type III and IV patients between 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the postoperative reposition score between 2 groups in all types of fractures (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The posterior malleolus fixation may provide satisfactory clinical functional outcomes for ankle fracture. Proper fracture classification and correct method of internal fixation are important for achieving good reduction and improving the long-term results.