The incidence and mortality rate of catheter-related neonatal pericardial effusion: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUD: Neonatal pericardial effusion (PCE) is one of the most severe complications of central catheters in neonates with its rapid progression and high mortality. We aim to estimate the overall incidence and mortality of catheter-related neonatal PCE, more importantly, to identify possible predictors for clinical reference. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, china national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Sinomed databases for subject words "central catheter," "neonate," "pericardial effusion" and their random words till June 8, 2020. This meta-analysis is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Possible predictors of occurrences and deaths were extracted and assessed cooperatively. The pooled incidence rate of catheter-related neonatal PCE was calculated using a random effects model. RESULTS: Twenty-one cohort studies and 99 cases were eligible. Pooled incidence is 3·8‰[2.2‰, 6.7‰]. Polyurethane catheters generate significantly more neonatal PCE than silicone counterparts (P < .01). 27% of the patients die. The mortality of patients with bradycardia is higher than others (P < .05). Catheters with a guidewire result in more deaths than umbilical venous catheter (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) (P < .05). Without pericardiocentesis, mortality increases (P < .01). The difference of deaths between reposition and removing the catheter is insignificant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Central catheters in Seldinger Technique (with a guidewire) put neonates at greater risk of PCE and consequent death. Silicone catheters excel at avoiding deadly catheter-related PCE, which could be a better choice in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). When catheter-related PCE occurs, timely diagnosis and pericardiocentesis save lives.

Effect of Personalized Music Intervention in Mechanically Ventilated Children in the PICU: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility of a personalized music intervention with mechanically ventilated patients in the PICU. DESIGN: Pilot study with a quasi-experimental design. SETTING: Tertiary children's hospital in China with a 40-bed PICU. PATIENTS: Children, 1 month to 7 years, with mechanical ventilation were recruited and assigned to music group (n = 25) and control group (n = 25). INTERVENTIONS: Children in the music group received their own favorite music and listened for 60 minutes three times a day. The control group receive routine care without music. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary outcome measure was comfort measured with the COMFORT Behavior scale 5 minutes before and after the music. Secondary outcome measures were physiologic variables; heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation. Mechanical ventilation time, length of stay, and sedation medication were also collected. Qualitative analysis revealed that nurses had a positive attitude in delivering the interventions and identified improvements for the main trial. Children in the music group had lower COMFORT Behavior scores (15.7 vs 17.6; p = 0.011). Children in the music group had better physiologic outcomes; heart rate (140 vs 144; p = 0.039), respiration rate (40 vs 43; p = 0.036), systolic blood pressure (93 vs 95 mm Hg; p = 0.031), oxygen saturation (96% vs 95%; p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure was not significantly (52 vs 53 mm Hg; p = 0.11). Children in the music group had a shorter ventilation time (148.7 vs 187.6; p = 0.044) and a shorter length of stay, but not significant (11.2 vs 13.8; p = 0.071). Children in the control group had higher total amount of on-demand midazolam (29 vs 33 mg; p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that personalized music intervention is feasible and might improve the comfort of children with mechanical ventilation. Further studies are needed to provide conclusive evidence in confirming the effectiveness of music interventions comforting critically ill children in PICUs.

Differentiation analysis for estimating individual ancestry from the Tibetan Plateau by an archaic altitude adaptation EPAS1 haplotype among East Asian populations.

Tibetans have adapted to the extreme environment of high altitude for hundreds of generations. A highly differentiated 5-SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) haplotype motif (AGGAA) on a hypoxic pathway gene, EPAS1, is observed in Tibetans and lowlanders. To evaluate the potential usage of the 5-SNP haplotype in ancestry inference for Tibetan or Tibetan-related populations, we analyzed this haplotype in 1053 individuals of 12 Chinese populations residing on the Tibetan Plateau, peripheral regions of Tibet, and plain regions. These data were integrated with the genotypes from the 1000 Genome populations and populations in a previously reported paper for population structure analyses. We found that populations representing highland and lowland groups have different dominant ancestry components. The core Denisovan haplotype (AGGAA) was observed at a frequency of 72.32% in the Tibetan Plateau, with a frequency range from 9.48 to 21.05% in the peripheral regions and < 2.5% in the plains area. From the individual perspective, 87.57% of the individuals from the Tibetan Plateau carried the archaic haplotype, while < 5% of the Chinese Han people carried the haplotype. Our findings indicate that the 5-SNP haplotype has a special distribution pattern in populations of Tibet and peripheral regions and could be integrated into AISNP (Ancestry Informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) panels to enhance ancestry resolution.

[Improvement of immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting of endogenous protein by TrueBlot antibody].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the immunoblotting of immunoprecipitated proteins and decrease the interference of immunoprecipitation antibody in the interaction of endogenous proteins. METHODS: Transient transfect cells with fusion protein expression vector containing the targeted S5b gene and the FLAG tag, the transfected cells or untransfected cells were harvested to study the exogenous or endogenous protein interaction. The total cell lysate was immunoprecipitated by specific antibody. Then the eluted immunocomplex was separated by SDS-PAGE, and the TrueBlot antibody or conventional antibody was used as the secondary antibody for immunoblotting detection of S5b and its partner (Rpt1 and Rpt2). RESULTS: Clear immunoblotting bands for S5b, Rpt1 and Rpt2 were obtained. CONCLUSION: TrueBlot antibody prefers the immunoblot antibody to immunoprecipitation antibody, and decreases the interruption of immunoprecipitation antibody to display clear protein band.

[Species distribution and coagulation behavior of covalent bonded aluminum-silicon hybrid flocculants].

Covalent bonded aluminum-silicon hybrid flocculants were synthesized by employing tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and two silane coupling agents [diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (APDES)] as silicon sources, respectively. The distribution of Al species was investigated by 27Al NMR method and the coagulation behavior was evaluated by treating synthetic water containing humic acid. The results of 27Al NMR show that silicon source, Si/Al molar ratio and basicity (B) exhibit effect on the Al species distribution. In the products with APDES as silicon source, the highest content of Al13 was obtained and its amount increases with the rise of Si/Al molar ratio. The effect of B value on the Al species is similar for the three sets of flocculants. The content of monomeric species decreases with the rise of B value. At Si/Al = 0.4, there are no Al13 observed throughout the B value range in the products with TEOS as silicon source. Al13 starts to appear at a higher B value of 1.5 for the products with DEDMS as silicon source and a lower B value of 0.5 for that with APDES as silicon source, respectively. The coagulation results show that, in acidic conditions, the best dosage range of the flocculants with APDES as silicon source is the widest of the three, resulting in the best coagulation efficiency. In alkaline conditions, the coagulation efficiency of the products with TEOS as silicon source is slightly better than the other two.

Covalently bound organic silicate aluminum hybrid coagulants: preparation, characterization, and coagulation behavior.

Covalently bound organic silicate aluminum hybrid coagulants were synthesized by employing two silane coupling agents [diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (APDES)] as silicon sources. An additional coagulant was synthesized using anothersilane-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) for comparison. Both the coagulant with DEDMS and that with APDES as the silicon source were shown to be covalently bound by infrared (IR) analysis. All three hybrid coagulants were characterized by pH, zeta potential, Al species distribution, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results indicated that the silicon source played a significant role in aspects of the chemical and physical structure, Al species distribution, and electrochemistry characteristics. Specifically, the coagulant with APDES as the silicon source featured the highest zeta potential value, the highest content of Al13, and reticulated aggregate. The coagulation behaviors of the three hybrid coagulants were also investigated by treating synthetic water containing humic acid (HA). The hybrid coagulant with APDES as the silicon source exhibited the best coagulation behavior in terms of HA removal and turbidity removal, due to the combination of the zeta potential, Al species distribution, and organic functional groups.

[Al species distribution of organic silicate aluminum hybrid flocculants by Al-ferron complexation timed spectrophotometric method].

New types of organic silicate aluminum hybrid flocculants were prepared by employing Tetraethylorthosilicat (TEOS), Diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), gamma-Aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (APDES) as silicon source. The Al species distribution in these new products was investigated by Al-Ferron complexation timed spectrophotometric method. The results show that silicon source, basicity (B) and Si/Al molar ratio have effect on the Al species distribution. Among them, basicity has greater effect, three sets of products have similar characteristics. The content of Al(a) declines with the rise of B value, while the contents of Al(b) and Al(c) increase. Al(c) is the dominant Al species in the products with TEOS as silicon source. DEDMS has little contribution to the distribution of Al species. In the products with APDES as silicon source, Al(c) is the dominant Al species while the content increases with the rise of Si/Al molar ratio.

[DNA polymorphism detection of Cannabis using amplified fragment length polymorphism].

OBJECTIVE: To screen the AFLP primers with good diversity to distinguish various species of Cannabis. METHODS: The AFLP was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 species of Cannabis using 55 primer combinations. RESULTS: A total of 285 AFLP bands were obtained using five primer combinations with better diversity, among which 99 bands were polymorphic and 10 bands were special, with 47-76 bands amplified in each pair of primers. CONCLUSION: AFLP may has good resolution in the diversity study of Cannabis. It may provide an essential basis for further study of the genetic diversity of Cannabis.