RESUMO
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components of tropospheric chemistry, of which industrial emissions are an important source of atmospheric VOCs. In this study, online measurements of 74 VOCs were made in a typical industrial area of the Pearl River Delta in southern China during the early summer of 2021. The mean volume mixing ratio of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was (81.9±45.4)×10-9 during the campaign. Among them, oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) accounted for the largest fraction of TVOC, with an average of 51.5%, followed by aromatics, accounting for 19.4% of TVOC. The proportion of OVOCs in TVOC gradually increased with the increase in TVOC concentration. Industry-related emissions were the main contributors to aromatics and OVOCs in this region. Aromatics and OVOCs were the two major contributors to the ozone formation potential (OFP), accounting for 56.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Furthermore, OVOCs also contributed 40.0% of the total ·OH reactivity from VOCs. Xylenes, toluene, acrolein, and ethyl acetate had a greater contribution to the formation of secondary pollution; thus, these species should be given priority for controlling secondary pollution. Our results underscore the severity of OVOCs pollution in industrial areas and the important roles of OVOCs in secondary pollution.
RESUMO
Demyelination contributes to the functional impairment of irradiation injured spinal cord. One potential therapeutic strategy involves replacing the myelin-forming cells. Here, we asked whether transplantation of Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are derived from Olig2-GFP-mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), could enhance remyelination and functional recovery after spinal cord irradiation injury. We differentiated Olig2-GFP-mESCs into purified Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs and transplanted them into the rats' cervical 4-5 dorsal spinal cord level at 4 months after irradiation injury. Eight weeks after transplantation, the Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs survived and integrated into the injured spinal cord. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the grafted Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs primarily differentiated into adenomatous polyposis coli (APC(+)) oligodendrocytes (54.6±10.5%). The staining with luxol fast blue, hematoxylin & eosin (LFB/H&E) and electron microscopy demonstrated that the engrafted Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs attenuated the demyelination resulted from the irradiation. More importantly, the recovery of forelimb locomotor function was enhanced in animals receiving grafts of Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs. We concluded that OPC transplantation is a feasible therapy to repair the irradiated lesions in the central nervous system (CNS).
Assuntos
Locomoção/fisiologia , Oligodendroglia/transplante , Lesões por Radiação/terapia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Células-Tronco/citologia , Animais , Axônios/patologia , Axônios/ultraestrutura , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Movimento Celular , Forma Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Doenças Desmielinizantes/complicações , Doenças Desmielinizantes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/terapia , Feminino , Membro Anterior/fisiopatologia , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Camundongos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição 2 de Oligodendrócitos , Oligodendroglia/citologia , Lesões por Radiação/complicações , Lesões por Radiação/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Medula Espinal/patologia , Medula Espinal/efeitos da radiação , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicaçõesRESUMO
In the title mol-ecule, C(5)H(7)N(3)S, the thia-zine ring shows a conformation close to a half-boat. The Cremer & Pople puckering parameters of the thia-zine ring are q2 = 0.4645â (2)â Å, θ = 132.4â (3) and Ï = 285.52â (2)°. The packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-Hâ¯N and C-Hâ¯S inter-actions.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of recombinant human NRG-1 to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. NRG-1(3.0 ng/kg) was applied intravascularly 10 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then focal cerebral ischemia for 90 min and reperfusion for 24 h. The rats were scored post-reperfusion for neurological deficits and infarct volume in the brain was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC). Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure changes of caspase-3 mRNA. The level of TNF-alpha was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrated that recombinant human NRG-1 could reduce cerebral infarct volume by about 71% (P < 0.05) and TUNEL positive cells when given immediately before MCAO, and improved behavior of animals. Furthermore, we also showed that NRG-1 could also decrease the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and production of TNF-alpha protein. These data suggest that pre-administration of NRG-1 attenuates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. This protective effect may be involved in the inhibition of caspase-3 and TNF-alpha.