RESUMO
Human hormones at trace levels play a vital role in the regulation of a variety of functions and systems in the body, and an imbalance in hormone levels can lead to the emergence and development of diverse diseases. Therefore, the development of reliable sample pretreatment methods and sensitive and accurate analytical techniques for human hormone detection could contribute to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, providing significant improvement for human health. Human samples which are usually used to detecting hormones, such as blood, saliva, urine and other matrix are more complex, so sample pretreatment is an important step to ensure the accuracy and reliability in the detection of hormones. In this review three common sample pretreatment methods including solid phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and protein precipitation (PP) methods are discussed. Then, recent research progress in conventional techniques like liquid/gas chromatography and liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/GC-MS/MS), as well as some novel strategies, such as immunoassay including chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), and sensor technology including electrochemical (EC), fluorescent (FL) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors, and microfluidic chip analysis are discussed for human hormone detection. Finally, the future perspective on the use of these methods for hormone detection is considered. It is hoped to provide powerful insights to researchers for the relevant researches.
