RESUMO
The Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats were bidirectionally selected and bred for, respectively, their rapid vs. extremely poor acquisition in the two-way active avoidance task. Consistent between-strain neurobehavioural differences have been found in anxiety- and stress-linked traits, as well as in schizophrenia-related phenotypes. RLAs display enhanced anxious- and stress-related phenotypes, whereas RHA rats show impulsivity, hyperactivity and attention/cognition-related impairments. Many of these typical behavioural phenotypes have been reported to be positively modulated by environmental treatments such as neonatal handling (NH). However, most studies on the Roman rat strains have been carried out in males. Thus, the present study for the first time focused on the joint evaluation of differences in novel object exploration (NOE), social interaction (SI), prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), and cognitive performance and flexibility in various spatial tasks (using the Morris water maze, MWM) in females of both Roman rat strains. We also aimed at evaluating the long-lasting effects of NH treatment on the RHA vs. RLA profiles in these tests/tasks. Results show that anxiety-related behavior, as measured by the NOE test and self-grooming in the SI test, was increased in RLA rats, and dramatically reduced by NH. In the SI test RLA rats displayed diminished social interaction, which was rescued by NH. RHA females exhibited a deficit of PPI, which was not affected by NH. Spatial tasks in the MWM showed impairments of working memory, reference learning/memory and spatial reversal learning (i.e., cognitive flexibility) in RHA females. Spatial reference learning and cognitive flexibility (i.e., reversal task) showed some improvement in rats (mainly in RHAs) that had received NH during the first three weeks of life. With the exception of the SI test, the pattern of differences between female RHA vs. RLA profiles was overall consistent with what has previously been found in males of both strains, and NH treatment was able to enduringly improve some emotion-related and (spatial) cognitive outcomes in both strains.
Assuntos
Esquizofrenia , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Inibição Pré-Pulso/fisiologia , Reflexo de Sobressalto , Cognição/fisiologia , Atenção , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: Existen factores de riesgo que se asocian a desarrollo cáncer de tiroides diferenciado; la Tiroglobulina es una proteína ligada al tamaño tumoral, su rol dentro de las patologías oncológicas es controversial. El objetivo del estudio fue determinarsi las variaciones del gen de Tiroglobulina se asocian a la presencia de cáncer tiroideo. Métodos:Este estudio observacional de casos y controles se realizó con muestra no probabilística con muestras de patología de casos de cáncertiroideo diagnosticados en elHospital Oncológico Solón Espinosa Ayala de Quito. Se estableció un grupocontrol con voluntarios sanos. Se mide las variaciones SER734Ala y ARG1980 trp del gen de la Tiroglobulina. Se comparan las frecuencias con Chi cuadrado. Resultados:Un total de 51casos de cáncertiroideo y 50 controles. Variaciones en SER734Ala en el grupo de casos fueron homocigotos 24/51casos (53.3% (IC95% 38.8 -67.9%)en el grupo controlfueron24/50(53.3% (IC95% 38.8-67.9%)P=0.83. La variaciónheterocigotaARG1980 trp fueron en el grupo de casos 47/51(92.2%IC95% 84.3 -100%), en los controles 35/50(70% IC95% 56.6-83.4%)P=0.004. Conclusión:Se demostró que lasvariaciones del gen de laTiroglobulina pueden presentarse en pacientes con Cáncer Tiroideo en igual frecuencia que en voluntarios sanos
Introduction: There are risk factors associated with the development of differentiated thyroid cancer; Thyroglobulin is a protein linked to tumor size, its role in oncological pathologies is controversial. The objective of the study was to determine whether variations in the thyroglobulin gene are associated with the presence of thyroid cancer. Methods: This observational case-control study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample with pathology samples from thyroid cancer cases diagnosed at the Solón Espinosa Ayala Oncological Hospital in Quito. A control group with healthy volunteers was established. The SER734Ala and ARG1980 trp variations of the Thyroglobulin gene are measured. The frequencies werecompared with Chi square. Results:A total of 51 thyroid cancer cases and 50 controls. Variations in SER734Ala in the group of cases were homozygous 24/51 cases (53.3% (CI95% 38.8 -67.9%) in the control group were 24/50 (53.3% (CI95% 38.8-67.9%) P = 0.83. Heterozygous ARG1980 trp were in the case group 47/51 (92.2% 95% CI 84.3 -100%), in the controls 35/50 (70% 95% CI 56.6-83.4%) P = 0.004. Conclusion:It was shown that variations of the Thyroglobulin gene couldoccur in patients with Thyroid Cancer in the same frequency as in healthy volunteers
