Transtornos alimentares, imagem corporal e influência da mídia em universitárias / Eating disorders, body image and media influence in university students

Objetivo: avaliar, em universitárias da área da saúde, indícios de transtornos alimentares, satisfação com a imagem corporal e influência da mídia. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, observacional, com 61 universitárias, com idade superior ou igual aos 20 anos de idade, aplicando-se os questionários Eating Atitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, questionário de Teste de Imagem Corporal, Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência, Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica e dados antropométricos. Realizou-se a análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados: observou-se que, das 45 universitárias, a maioria apresentou Índice de Massa Corporal adequado; 26,7% apresentaram indícios de transtornos alimentares; 4,4%, insatisfação corporal grave e a influência da mídia e a compulsão alimentar periódica apresentaram-se em 2,2% do total da amostra estudada. Conclusão: entende-se que o diagnóstico precoce desses distúrbios, assim como de suas complicações clínicas, nem sempre é possível. Torna-se essencial que o tratamento das complicações seja realizado de maneira concomitante ao acompanhamento psicoterápico e nutricional.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate, in university students in the health field, signs of eating disorders, satisfaction with body image and media influence. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, with 61 university students, aged 20 years or over, using the Eating Attitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Image Test questionnaire , Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance, Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale and anthropometric data. Descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out. Results: it was observed that, of the 45 university students most had an adequate Body Mass Index; 26.7% showed signs of eating disorders; 4.4%, severe body dissatisfaction and the influence of the media and binge eating were 2.2% of the total sample studied. Conclusion: it is understood that the early diagnosis of these disorders, as well as their clinical complications, is not always possible. It is essential that the treatment of complications is carried out concurrently with psychotherapeutic and nutritional monitoring.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar, en estudiantes universitarias en el campo de la salud, signos de trastornos alimentarios, satisfacción con la imagen corporal e influencia de los medios. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, observacional, con 61 estudiantes universitarias, de 20 años o más, utilizando el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias, el Cuestionario de Forma Corporal, el cuestionario del Test de Imagen Corporal, Actitudes socioculturales hacia la apariencia, Escala de compulsión alimentaria periódica y datos antropométricos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables. Resultados: se observó que, de las 45 estudiantes universitarias, la mayoría tenía un Índice de Masa Corporal adecuado; 26.7% mostró signos de trastornos alimentarios; 4.4%, la insatisfacción corporal severa y la influencia de los medios de comunicación y los atracones fueron 2.2% de la muestra total estudiada. Conclusión: se entiende que el diagnóstico temprano de estos trastornos, así como sus complicaciones clínicas, no siempre es posible. Es esencial que el tratamiento de las complicaciones se realice simultáneamente con el monitoreo psicoterapéutico y nutricional.

Composition of breast milk of lactating adolescents in function of time of lactation / Composición de la leche de madres lactantes adolescentes en relación con el tiempo de lactancia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of breast milk of lactating adolescents in function of lactation time. Methods: We followed 51 lactating adolescents, between the 6th and 14th weeks postpartum (WPP). The determination of fat, protein and lactose in milk were conducted, respectively, by the methods of Lucas, Lowry and Perry & Doan. Micronutrients were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data was presented by the mean and standard error. ANOVA with repeated measures was used and Tukey as post test. It was accepted a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in protein content during the postpartum weeks studied (6th: 16.6 ± 1.1; 10th: 13.7 ± 1.0; 14th WPP: 12.3 ± 1.1 g/day). The lactose (6th: 60.2 ± 1.9; 10th: 60.4 ± 2.6; 14th WPP: 65.1 ± 4.0 g/day) and fat (6th: 41.6 ± 3.3; 10th: 36.2 ± 3.4; 14th WPP: 31.5 ± 9.0 g/day) concentration remained unaffected. The zinc concentration in the breast milk was lower than that is commonly found in literature (mean 1.16 mg/day). The copper, iron, calcium and phosphorus concentration was sufficient to meet the needs of the infants between 0 and 6 months old. Conclusion: The lactation period did not influence the concentration of micronutrients, lactose and lipids, but there is a reduction on protein of the breast milk. In spite of the reducing concentration of protein, it is sufficient to meet the needs of infants from 0 to 6 months old (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición de la leche materna de lactantes adolescentes en función del tiempo de la lactancia. Métodos: Se siguieron 51 adolescentes lactantes, entre la semana 6 y 14 después del parto (WPP). Se llevaron a cabo la determinación de grasa, proteína y lactosa de la leche, respectivamente, por los métodos de Lucas, Lowry y Perry & Doan. Los micronutrientes se determinaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Los datos fueron presentados por la media y el error estándar. ANOVA con medidas repetidas se utilizó Tukey como prueba post. Se aceptó un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: Se observó una reducción significativa (P <0,05) en el contenido de proteína en las semanas después del parto estudiados (sexto: 16,6 ± 1,1; 10 a: 13,7 ± 1,0; 14a SPP: 12,3 ± 1,1 g/day). La lactosa (sexto: 60,2 ± 1,9; 10o: 60,4 ± 2,6; 14 a SPP: 65,1 ± 4,0 g/day) y grasa (sexto: 41,6 ± 3,3; 10o: 36,2 ± 3,4; 14 a SPP: 31,5 ± 9,0 g/day) concentración no se vio afectado. La concentración de zinc en la leche materna fue menor que se encuentra comúnmente en la literatura (media de 1,16 mg / día). La concentración de cobre, hierro, calcio y fósforo es suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de los niños entre 0 y 6 meses de edad. Conclusión: El período de lactancia no influyó en la concentración de micronutrientes, la lactosa y los lípidos, pero hay una reducción en la proteína de la leche materna. A pesar de la reducción de la concentración de proteína, que es suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de los bebés de 0 a 6 meses de edad (AU)

[Nutritional status of lactanting adolescents in different postpartum weeks]. / Estado nutricional de nutrizes adolescentes em diferentes semanas pós-parto.

PURPOSE: to evaluate changes in the nutritional status of lactating adolescents in different postpartum weeks. METHOD: this is an analytical, observational, longitudinal study. Lactating adolescents were followed-up from the 5th to the 15th postpartum week (PPW). The nutritional status was evaluated in the 5th, 10th and 15th PPW by the Body Mass Index (BMI/age). A colorimetric method was used to determine hemoglobin level and microcentrifugation to define hematocrit. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare means, followed by the Tukey post-test. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: modification in nutritional status was observed from the pregestational period to the 15th PPW, with a reduction in the frequency of lactating adolescents with low weight (from 21% to 9%) and a rise in the frequency of overweight (21% to 27%) and eutrophic (58% to 64%) adolescents. Although mean hemoglobin (12.3 ± 1.7 g/dL) and hematocrit (39.0 ± 4.0%) levels were normal, a high frequency of anemia (30%) was observed throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: the present results show that the body weight of lactating adolescents rises during the lactation period and could lead to a higher frequency of obesity among adolescents. Anemia is still a nutritional problem, not only during pregnancy, but also during the postpartum period. It is necessary to prevent and treat probable subclinical nutritional deficiencies at this biological time.

Estado nutricional de nutrizes adolescentes em diferentes semanas pós-parto / Nutritional status of lactanting adolescents in different postpartum weeks

OBJETIVO: avaliar as modificações do estado nutricional de nutrizes adolescentes em diferentes momentos no pós-parto. MÉTODO: estudo do tipo analítico observacional longitudinal, com acompanhamento de 50 nutrizes adolescentes da 5ª a 15ª semana pós-parto (SPP). O estado nutricional foi avaliado na 5ª, 10ª e 15ª SPP, com uso do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC/idade). Foi utilizado o método colorimétrico para avaliação da hemoglobina e microcentrifugação para o hematócrito. Usou-se ANOVA com medidas de repetição e Tukey como pós-teste, para comparação das médias. Trabalhou-se com nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: observou-se modificação no estado nutricional do período pré-gestacional para a 15ª SPP, com diminuição na frequência de voluntárias com baixo peso (de 21 por cento para 9 por cento) e aumento nos casos de sobrepeso (de 21 por cento para 27 por cento) e eutrofia (58 por cento para 64 por cento). Apesar de, em média, as concentrações de hemoglobina (12,3±1,7g/dL) e hematócrito (39,0±4,0 por cento) apresentarem-se adequados, observou-se grande frequência de anemia (30 por cento) durante todo o período estudado. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados mostram incremento no peso corporal em função do tempo de lactação, aumentando o problema da obesidade na adolescência. Também foi apontado que a anemia é um problema nutricional, não apenas durante a gestação, mas também na lactação em adolescentes. Portanto, deve-se prevenir e tratar possíveis deficiências nutricionais subclínicas existentes neste momento biológico.

PURPOSE: to evaluate changes in the nutritional status of lactating adolescents in different postpartum weeks. METHOD: this is an analytical, observational, longitudinal study. Lactating adolescents were followed-up from the 5th to the 15th postpartum week (PPW). The nutritional status was evaluated in the 5th, 10th and 15th PPW by the Body Mass Index (BMI/age). A colorimetric method was used to determine hemoglobin level and microcentrifugation to define hematocrit. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare means, followed by the Tukey post-test. The level of significance was 5 percent. RESULTS: modification in nutritional status was observed from the pregestational period to the 15th PPW, with a reduction in the frequency of lactating adolescents with low weight (from 21 percent to 9 percent) and a rise in the frequency of overweight (21 percent to 27 percent) and eutrophic (58 percent to 64 percent) adolescents. Although mean hemoglobin (12.3±1.7 g/dL) and hematocrit (39.0±4.0 percent) levels were normal, a high frequency of anemia (30 percent) was observed throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: the present results show that the body weight of lactating adolescents rises during the lactation period and could lead to a higher frequency of obesity among adolescents. Anemia is still a nutritional problem, not only during pregnancy, but also during the postpartum period. It is necessary to prevent and treat probable subclinical nutritional deficiencies at this biological time.