Sistemas adesivos atuais / Current adhesive systems

Objetivo: Apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, os mais recentes desenvolvimentos em relação aos sistemas adesivos. Material e Métodos: A seleção de artigos foi realizada por meio de uma busca nas bases de dados LILACS e PubMed/MEDLINE. A amostra final foi composta por 22 estudos publicados entre 2003-2016. Resultados: Os sistemas adesivos disponíveis no mercado podem ser classificados em duas categorias: convencionais ou autocondicionantes. Recentemente, foi lançada no mercado odontológico, uma nova categoria de sistemas adesivos que apresenta a versatilidade de poder ser aplicada sobre as estruturas dentárias tanto pela técnica convencional quanto pela autocondicionante. Estes novos adesivos foram denominados adesivos universais ou multimodais. Conclusão: Os estudos disponíveis sugerem que os adesivos universais não apresentam uma performance diferente daquelas apresentadas por gerações anteriores de adesivos convencionais e autocondicionantes.

Objective: This study aims to present the latest developments related to adhesive systems through a literature review. Material and Methods: A search was conducted in the LILACS and PubMed databases. The final sample consisted of 22 studies published between 2003 and 2016. Results: The adhesive systems available on the market can be classified into two categories: etch-and-rinse and those applied using self-etch strategies. Recently, some manufacturers have released more versatile adhesive systems that include both etch-and-rinse and self-etch options. The new materials are called universal or multi-mode adhesives. Conclusion: The results of the majority of the available studies suggest that universal adhesives perform no differently from previous generations of etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesives.

Microbiological quality and safe handling of enteral diets in a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Contamination of enteral diets represents a high risk of compromising the patient's medical condition. To assess the microbiological quality and aseptic conditions in the preparation and administration of handmade and industrialized enteral diets offered in a hospital in the Valley of Jequitinhonha, MG, Brazil, we performed a microbiological analysis of 50 samples of diets and 27 samples of surfaces, utensils, and water used in the preparation of the diets. In addition, we assessed the good handling practices of enteral diets according to the requirements specified by the Brazilian legislation. Both kinds of enteral diets showed contamination by coliforms and Pseudomonas spp. No sample was positive for Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. On the other hand, Listeria spp. was detected in only one sample of handmade diets. Contamination was significantly higher in the handmade preparations (p < 0.05). Nonconformities were detected with respect to good handling practices, which may compromise the diet safety. The results indicate that the sanitary quality of the enteral diets is unsatisfactory, especially handmade diets. Contamination by Pseudomonas spp. is significant because it is often involved in infection episodes. With regard to aseptic practices, it was observed the need of implementing new procedures for handling enteral diets.

Microbiological quality and safe handling of enteral diets in a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Contamination of enteral diets represents a high risk of compromising the patient's medical condition. To assess the microbiological quality and aseptic conditions in the preparation and administration of handmade and industrialized enteral diets offered in a hospital in the Valley of Jequitinhonha, MG, Brazil, we performed a microbiological analysis of 50 samples of diets and 27 samples of surfaces, utensils, and water used in the preparation of the diets. In addition, we assessed the good handling practices of enteral diets according to the requirements specified by the Brazilian legislation. Both kinds of enteral diets showed contamination by coliforms and Pseudomonas spp. No sample was positive for Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. On the other hand, Listeria spp. was detected in only one sample of handmade diets. Contamination was significantly higher in the handmade preparations (p < 0.05). Nonconformities were detected with respect to good handling practices, which may compromise the diet safety. The results indicate that the sanitary quality of the enteral diets is unsatisfactory, especially handmade diets. Contamination by Pseudomonas spp. is significant because it is often involved in infection episodes. With regard to aseptic practices, it was observed the need of implementing new procedures for handling enteral diets.

Bacteriological quality and food safety in a Brazilian school food program.

INTRODUCTION: Food safety is a critical issue in school food program. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality and food safety practices of a municipal school food program (MSFP) in Jequitinhonha Valley, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A checklist based on good manufacturing practices (GMP) for food service was used to evaluate food safety practices. Samples from foods, food contact surfaces, the hands of food handlers, the water supply and the air were collected to assess bacteriological quality in establishments that comprise the MSFP. RESULTS: Nine (81.8%) establishments were classified as poor quality and two (18.2%) as medium quality. Neither Salmonella nor Listeria monocytogenes were detected in food samples. Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 36 (52.9%), 1 (1.5%) and 22 (32.4%) of the food samples and in 24 (40.7%), 2 (3.3%) and 13 (22.0%) of the food contact surfaces, respectively. The counts of coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 1 to 5.0 and 1 to 5.1 log CFU/g of food, respectively. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacteria count was 3.1 log CFU/100 cm2 of surface area. Coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus were detected on the hands of 33 (73.3%), 1 (2.2%) and 36 (80%) food handlers, respectively. With regard to air quality, all the establishments had an average aerobic mesophilic count above 1.6 log CFU/cm2/week. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need to modify the GMP used in food service in MSFP in relation to food safety, particularly because children served in these establishments are often the most socially vulnerable.

Bacteriological quality and food safety in a Brazilian school food program / Calidad bacteriológica y la seguridad alimentaria en un programa de alimentación escolar brasileño

Introduction: Food safety is a critical issue in school food program. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality and food safety practices of a municipal school food program (MSFP) in Jequitinhonha Valley, Brazil. Materials and methods: A checklist based on good manufacturing practices (GMP) for food service was used to evaluate food safety practices. Samples from foods, food contact surfaces, the hands of food handlers, the water supply and the air were collected to assess bacteriological quality in establishments that comprise the MSFP. Results: Nine (81.8%) establishments were classified as poor quality and two (18.2%) as medium quality. Neither Salmonella nor Listeria monocytogenes were detected in food samples. Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 36 (52.9%), 1 (1.5%) and 22 (32.4%) of the food samples and in 24 (40.7%), 2 (3.3%) and 13 (22.0%) of the food contact surfaces, respectively. The counts of coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 1 to 5.0 and 1 to 5.1 log CFU/g of food, respectively. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacteria count was 3.1 log CFU/100 cm2 of surface area. Coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus were detected on the hands of 33 (73.3%), 1 (2.2%) and 36 (80%) food handlers, respectively. With regard to air quality, all the establishments had an average aerobic mesophilic count above 1.6 log CFU/cm2/week. Conclusions: The results indicate the need to modify the GMP used in food service in MSFP in relation to food safety, particularly because children served in these establishments are often the most socially vulnerable (AU)

Introducción: La seguridad alimentaria es un tema crítico en el programa de alimentación escolar. Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la calidad bacteriológica y prácticas de seguridad alimentaria de un programa de alimentación escolar municipal (MSFP) en Valle de Jequitinhonha, Brasil. Materiales y métodos: Una lista de verificación basada en las buenas prácticas de fabricación (GMP) para el servicio de alimentos se utilizó para evaluar las prácticas de seguridad alimentaria. Las muestras de alimentos, superficies de contacto con los alimentos, las manos de los manipuladores de alimentos, se recogieron el suministro de agua y el aire para evaluar la calidad bacteriológica de los establecimientos que componen la MSFP. Resultados: Nueve (81,8%) los establecimientos se clasificaron como de mala calidad y dos (18,2%) como de calidad media. Ni Salmonella ni Listeria monocytogenes se detectaron en muestras de alimentos. Coliformes, se detectó Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus en 36 (52,9%), 1 (1,5%) y 22 (32,4%) de las muestras de alimentos y en 24 (40,7%), 2 (3,3%) y 13 (22,0%) de las superficies de contacto con alimentos, respectivamente. Los recuentos de coliformes y Staphylococcus aureus fue de 1 a 5,0 y 1 a 5,1 log ufc/g de alimento, respectivamente. El recuento de aerobios mesófilos media fue de 3,1 log UFC/100 cm2 de superficie. Coliformes, se detectó E. coli y S. aureus en las manos de 33 (73,3%), 1 (2,2%) y 36 (80%) los manipuladores de alimentos, respectivamente. Con respecto a la calidad del aire, todos los establecimientos tenían un recuento de aerobios mesófilos por encima del promedio 1,6 log CFU/cm2/week. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican la necesidad de modificar el GMP utilizado en el servicio de alimentos en MSFP en relación con la seguridad alimentaria, sobre todo porque los niños atendidos en estos establecimientos suelen ser los más vulnerables socialmente (AU)

A influência do eugenol nos procedimentos adesivos / The influence of eugenol in adhesive procedures

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a influência do eugenol contido em restaurações e cimentos temporários nos procedimentos adesivos. Visto que por diversas razões clínicas, se faz necessário o emprego de restaurações provisórias durante tratamentos restauradores. Para tal, um material comumente selecionado são os cimentos à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol. No entanto, o eugenol, por ser um composto fenólico, tem a propriedade de inibir a polimerização de monômeros resinosos. Ainda assim, não há um consenso na literatura contraindicando sua utilização previamente a esses procedimentos, uma vez que tal interferência pode ser revertida dependendo do tipo de sistema adesivo empregado, como do tempo decorrido até a confecção da restauração final.

The aim of this study was to verify, through a literature review, the influence of eugenol contained in restorations and temporary cements in bonding procedures. Due to various clinical reasons, it is necessary the use of provisional restorations for restorative treatments. To this end, a material commonly selected is cements based on zinc oxide and eugenol. However, eugenol for being a phenolic compound has the property of inhibiting polymerization of resin monomers. Still, there is no consensus in the literature contraindicate its use prior to these procedures, since such interference can be reversed depending on the type of adhesive system used, as the time elapsed between the making of the final restoration.

Eficácia da barreira cervical no clareamento intracoronário: uma revisão de literatura / Efficacy of cervical barrier in intracoronal bleaching: A literature review

O objetivo desse estudo foi discorrer, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, a eficácia seladora da barreira cervical no clareamento intracoronário. A técnica walking bleaching é utilizada em dentes desvitalizados que sofreram alterações cromáticas. Contudo, seu uso pode estar associado a efeitos adversos, como a reabsorção radicular externa. Para minimizar este risco, sugere-se o emprego de uma barreira cervical na embocadura do canal radicular. Para este fim, vários materiais como os cimentos de ionômero de vidro, fosfato de zinco, óxido de zinco sem eugenol e MTA podem ser utilizados. Observou- se que nenhum dos materiais apresentou um vedamento hermético, sendo necessário realizar, além da barreira cervical, condutas clínicas para minimizar os riscos de reabsorção radicular externa após o clareamento intracoronário.

The aim of this study is review the existing literature on the cervical barrier sealing effectiveness in intracoronal bleaching. The walking bleaching technique is used in devitalized teeth that have suffered color changes. However, its use may be associated with adverse effects, such as external root resorption. It has been suggested the use of a cervical barrier at the mouth of the canal in order to minimize this risk. A variety of materials such as glass ionomer cement, zinc phosphate, zinc oxide without eugenol and MTA can be used for this purpose. It was found that none of the materials tested showed a hermetic sealing being necessary, in addition to cervical barrier preparation, other clinical procedures in order to minimize the risk of external root resorption following intracoronal bleaching.

Prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con gastritis: Correlación anatomopatológica. Experiencia personal

La infección por Helicobacter pylori, es un hecho frecuente sobretodo en países subdesarrollados. Es un factor de riesgo importante para patologías gástricas (gastritis, ulceras, cáncer gástrico, entre otros). OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori(Hp) en Ciudad Guayana y su correlación con los diferentes tipos de gastritis. METODO: Se recopilaron los datos de 81 pacientes en edades comprendidas entre 13 y 67 años de edad, con promedio de 39,2 años (DE=12,9), que acudieron a la consulta privada de uno de los autores en el Hospital de Clínicas de CECIAMB en Ciudad Guayana. RESULTADOS: El gènero masculino representò el 33,3% (n=27) y el femenino el 66,7% (n=54). La prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en el grupo de fue de 82,7% (n=67) , con valores superiores al 75% en los grupos de edad < 49 años. No hubo diferencia significativa en cuanto a la prevalencia según la distribución por sexo. La infección por Hp fue mas frecuente en las gastritis de los grados moderados y severos (>85%), con predominio en las gastritis de tipo erosivas (89,7%). En definitiva los altos índices de prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en el grupo de estudio, se asocian a lesiones de mayor severidad de la mucosa gástrica, lo cual sugieren que la erradicación del mismo debe ser una de los objetivos principales de la terapéutica de estos pacientes.

Infection by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is very high in the undeveloped countries and it is a risk factor for gastric disease (gastritis, ulcer, gastric cancer and others). OBJETIVE: To determine the prevalence of Hp infection in Ciudad Guayana, and its relationship to the different types of gastritis. METHODS: We gathered the data from 81 patients from ages 13 to 67 years old, with a given average age of 39,2 years (SD=12,9), who attended the private practice of one of the authors at Hospital de Clinicas de CECIAMB in Ciudad Guayana. RESULTS: the male gender represented: 27 (33, 3%) ,and female: 54 (66.7%). The prevalence of Hp infection en the group was 82, 7% (n=67). There were no significant differences regarding prevalence as per gender. The Hp infection was more frequent in moderate and severe gastritis ( 85%) and in erosive gastritis ( 89,7%). In result, the high prevalence of Hp infection in the group studied was associated to major lesions in the gastric mucosa, which suggest that Hp eradication should be one of the main therapeutic goals for these patients.