A particular epidemiological profile: disparities in access to contraceptive methods in Brazil during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Our objective was to study disparities in access to contraception during the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a cross-sectional study at the University of Campinas, Brazil using a Google questionnaire applied from December 2021 until February 2022, disseminated via snowball technique. The survey asked about sociodemographic characteristics and contraceptive use, as well as the demand for new methods and difficulties in continuing to use contraceptives during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 1018 completed questionnaires; in total, 742 (72.9%) were women aged between 20 and 39 years, 746 (73.3%) were White and 602 (59.2%) used contraceptives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, about 23% of respondents changed their method and approximately 20% of respondents looked for new methods. Among the latter, 31.3% reported some difficulty with obtaining guidance on new methods while only 5.3% of the respondents reported some difficulty with continuing their contraceptive. The main difficulty in both cases was the difficulty with getting a healthcare provider appointment. Our results point to a particular epidemiological population, of younger black and biracial women, with lower education and lower income, which suffered health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic and found difficulties with using contraceptives and accessing family planning services.

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern for Healthy and Active Aging: A Narrative Review of an Integrative and Sustainable Approach.

The global population is on a trajectory of continuous growth, with estimates projecting an increase from 7.7 billion in 2019 to approximately 9.7 billion by 2050. Longevity is also expected to rise rapidly, with advancements in healthcare contributing to increased life expectancies and an increase in the maximum lifespan. The aging process is accompanied by different changes, often leading to a decline in daily life activities and an increased susceptibility to disease. Age-related changes can cause cellular damage and subsequent cellular death. Oxidative stress and inflammation play significant roles in this process contributing to molecular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Active aging has been associated with improved quality of life and a reduced risk of morbidity and premature mortality. In this context, the Mediterranean diet has emerged as a promising approach to promoting healthy aging and sustainability. The phytochemical compounds within the Mediterranean diet have been linked to a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The findings of peer-reviewed articles regarding the use of the Mediterranean diet as a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern written in Portuguese, Spanish or English were included in this narrative literature review. This dietary pattern's emphasis on the consumption of fresh and local food aligns with both health and environmental sustainability goals. This work provides a comprehensive review of the benefits of the Mediterranean diet and its components in a healthy aging process and highlights the importance of this dietary pattern as a sustainable approach.

Pork Meat Composition and Health: A Review of the Evidence.

Meat has been part of the human diet for centuries and it is a recognizable source of high-biologic-value protein and several micronutrients; however, its consumption has been associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer). These concerns are mostly related to red meat. However, meat composition is quite variable within species and meat cuts. The present study explores the composition of pork meat, and the differences among different pork meat cuts and it reviews the evidence on the influence of its consumption on health outcomes. Pork meat contributes to 30% of all meat consumed worldwide and it offers a distinct nutrient profile; it is rich in high-quality protein, B-complex vitamins, and essential minerals such as zinc and iron, though it contains moderate levels of saturated fat compared to beef. Additionally, research on sustainability points out advantages from pork meat consumption considering that it is a non-ruminant animal and is included in one of the five more sustainable dietary patterns. In what concerns the data on the influence of pork meat consumption on health outcomes, a few clinical studies have shown no harmful effects on cardiovascular risk factors, specifically blood lipids. Several arguments can justify that pork meat can be an option in a healthy and sustainable diet.

Effects of different resistance training programmings on the relative strength, body composition, anthropometric variables, and metabolic risk of elderly women.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of two different programming models of resistance training (RT) on metabolic risk, anthropometric variables, and relative strength in elderly women. The research was a prospective and comparative longitudinal study with a non-probabilistic random sample. Twenty-two elderly women (64 ± 3 years) was divided into two experimental groups being the Linear programming (LP, n = 12) and Daily undulatory programming (DUP, n = 10), with 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Submaximal strength (10RM) was evaluated in the horizontal leg press (HL), pulldown (PD), leg curl (LC), vertical bench press (BP), and leg extension (LE). Anthropometric variables, food intake (R24h) and submaximal strength (10RM) was analyzed. Participants were initially classified as overweight or obese evaluated by body mass index (BMI) and percentual of fat mass (%FM) and with moderate to high risk to develop metabolic diseases evaluated by hip-waist ratio (HWR), waist-height ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). There is no change for metabolic risk and anthropometric variables after the intervention period. There was a significant improvement for relative strength accessed by 10RM and body weight (10RM/BW), and lean body mass (10RM/LBM) (p < 0.05), with large or medium effect size for most of variables after 12 weeks of RT. As a conclusion, both programmings increased relative strength after 12 weeks of RT with attenuated change in body composition and metabolic risk in elderly women in both programming groups and all those strategies can be used in elderly women to improve strength.

Exploring the Benefits of Nutritional and Chemical Characteristics of Touriga Nacional and Arinto Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.).

Environmental degradation leads to an unsustainable food system. In addition to this issue, the consumption of foods that improve people's health and well-being is recommended. One of the alternatives is undoubtedly the use of by-products of winemaking, namely in the form of grape pomace flour (GPF). To verify the benefits of using the Touriga Nacional and Arinto (Vitis vinifera L.) flour varieties, analytical determinations were made to identify and quantify different components. In terms of nutritional characterization, the Touriga Nacional GPF showed results that indicate better nutritional quality than the Arinto GPF. The Touriga Nacional and Arinto samples had protein contents of 10.13% and 8.38%, polyunsaturated fatty acids of 6.66% and 5.18%, soluble dietary fiber of 14.3% and 1.7%, and insoluble dietary fiber of 55.1% and 46.4%, respectively. The anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols presented in samples were detected by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS. Atomic absorption spectrometry revealed elevated concentrations of certain elements in Touriga Nacional compared to Arinto, with the former showing higher levels of aluminum (130 mg/kg) and iron (146 mg/kg) against the latter's Al (120 mg/kg) and Fe (112 mg/kg) content. GPF could become a valuable ingredient due to its nutritional quality and high content of various polyphenols.

Outcomes and patterns of use of Radium-223 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Introduction: Radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) is recommended as a treatment option for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with symptomatic bone metastases and no visceral disease, after docetaxel failure, or in patients who are not candidates to receive it. In this study, we aimed to ambispectively analyze overall survival (OS) and prognostic features in mCRPC in patients receiving Ra-223 as per clinical routine practice and identify the most suitable treatment sequence. Patients and methods: This study is observational, multicentric, and ambispective. Eligibility criteria included mCRPC patients treated with Ra-223, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2, without visceral metastases, and no more than three cm involved lymph nodes. Results: A total of 145 patients were included; the median age was 73.97 years, and a Gleason score of more than or equal to 7 in 61 (48%) patients; 73 (81%) had previously received docetaxel. The most important benefit was reached by those patients who received Ra-223 in the second-line setting, with a median OS of 17 months (95% CI, 12-21), and by patients who received six cycles of treatment, with a median OS of 19 months (95% CI, 14-21). An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decrease was also identified as a prognosis marker. When performing the multivariate analysis, the time to develop castration-resistant disease longer than 24 months was the most important prognostic factor to predict the evolution of the patients receiving Ra-223. Ra-223 was well tolerated, with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and diarrhea being the main adverse events. Conclusion: There is a benefit for those patients who received Ra-223 in the second-line setting, regardless of prior use of docetaxel. In addition, a survival benefit for patients presenting with a decline in ALP was observed.

The effects of melatonin and magnesium in a novel supplement delivery system on sleep scores, body composition and metabolism in otherwise healthy individuals with sleep disturbances.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel dietary supplement, including melatonin and magnesium, delivered via coffee pods on sleep quality, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body composition in individuals with poor sleep quality disturbances. Using a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial, we recruited 35 participants to a 4-week intervention with both supplements (1.9 mg melatonin + 200 mg elemental magnesium before sleep) and placebo conditions, considering a 7d washout period between treatments. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was applied, RMR (kcal) was measured using indirect calorimetry (canopy ventilated open-circuit system) and body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Decreases in PSQI and anger - hostility scores, as well as in energy intake and fat mass, were observed (p < 0.05) for both conditions, from baseline to the end of each 4-week intervention. Differences between conditions were also observed for these parameters along with energy spent in activity, number of sedentary breaks, sleep efficiency, latency time, time in bed, total sleep time, awakening time, and movement index (p < 0.05) favouring the supplement condition. However, the final PSQI questionnaire scores still indicated poor sleep quality on average (PSQI > 5), in both conditions, with no changes regarding RMR. A melatonin-magnesium supplement, in a coffee pod format, showed improvements in sleep quality in otherwise healthy individuals with sleep disturbances, however PSQI questionnaire scores still indicated poor quality on average (PSQI > 5).

Using interoperable nursing care data to improve outcomes for multiple traumas patients with Impaired Physical Mobility.

AIM(S): To demonstrate how interoperable nursing care data can be used by nurses to create a more holistic understanding of the healthcare needs of multiple traumas patients with Impaired Physical Mobility. By proposing and validating linkages for the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility in multiple trauma patients by mapping to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) equivalent terms using free-text nursing documentation. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional design, combining quantitative analysis of interoperable data sets and the Kappa's coefficient score with qualitative insights from cross-mapping methodology and nursing professionals' consensus. METHODS: Cross-mapping methodology was conducted in a Brazilian Level 1 Trauma Center using de-identified records of adult patients with a confirmed medical diagnosis of multiple traumas and Impaired Physical Mobility (a nursing diagnosis). The hospital nursing free-text records were mapped to NANDA-I, NIC, NOC and NNN linkages were identified. The data records were retrieved for admissions from September to October 2020 and involved medical and nursing records. Three expert nurses evaluated the cross-mapping and linkage results using a 4-point Likert-type scale and Kappa's coefficient. RESULTS: The de-identified records of 44 patients were evaluated and then were mapped to three NOCs related to nurses care planning: (0001) Endurance; (0204) Immobility Consequences: Physiological, and (0208) Mobility and 13 interventions and 32 interrelated activities: (6486) Environmental Management: Safety; (0840) Positioning; (3200) Aspiration Precautions; (1400) Pain Management; (0940) Traction/Immobilization Care; (3540) Pressure Ulcer Prevention; (3584) Skincare: Topical Treatment; (1100) Nutrition Management; (3660) Wound Care; (1804) Self-Care Assistance: Toileting; (1801) Self-Care Assistance: Bathing/Hygiene; (4130) Fluid Monitoring; and (4200) Intravenous Therapy. The final version of the constructed NNN Linkages identified 37 NOCs and 41 NICs. CONCLUSION: These valid NNN linkages for patients with multiple traumas can serve as a valuable resource that enables nurses, who face multiple time constraints, to make informed decisions efficiently. This approach of using evidence-based linkages like the one developed in this research holds high potential for improving patient's safety and outcomes. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: In this study, there was no direct involvement of patients, service users, caregivers or public members in the design, conduct, analysis and interpretation of data or preparation of the manuscript. The study focused solely on analysing existing de-identified medical and nursing records to propose and validate linkages for nursing diagnoses.

Effectiveness and continuation rates of the etonogestrel-subdermal contraceptive implant versus short-acting contraceptive methods offered at no cost in Campinas, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy, reasons for discontinuation and continuation rates of the etonogestrel (ENG)-subdermal contraceptive implant when offered at no cost, and the basis of free choice versus short-acting reversible contraceptive (SARC) methods including combined oral contraceptives (COCs), once-a-month injectables, vaginal ring, and patch. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study at the University of Campinas, Brazil, involving women aged 18 to 40 years. They were counseled on various contraceptive methods before entering the study and followed up every 3 months for up to 24 months. Satisfaction was assessed using a Likert scale. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier test, and curve comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. RESULTS: We enrolled 609 women including 358/609 women (58.8%) who chose the ENG-implant and 251/609 (41.2%) who chose SARC methods. Contraceptive failure and all other reasons for discontinuation were significantly higher in SARC users compared to the ENG-implant users (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The continuation rate was higher among ENG-implant users (89.9% and 75.4%) compared to SARC methods users (27.2% and 15.9%) up to 1 and 2 years after study initiation, respectively. Satisfaction was high in both groups (>82%). CONCLUSIONS: The ENG-implant showed higher contraceptive effectiveness and higher continuation rates than SARC methods up to 2 years after study initiation. Furthermore, users from both groups were highly satisfied with their contraceptive. The main reason for discontinuing use of the ENG-implant was bothersome uterine bleeding, while for SARC methods it was for personal reasons.

Uptake, discontinuation, and continuation rate of long-acting contraceptive methods when offered at no cost in Campinas, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the uptake, reasons for discontinuation, continuation, and satisfaction of long-acting contraceptive methods (LARC) when offered at no cost in Campinas, Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, including women aged 18 to 48 years, who adopted one of three methods. Participants underwent telephone follow-up every 3 months for up to 24 months after insertion. Satisfaction was assessed at the end of 2 years of use through the Likert scale. RESULTS: We invited 1222 women, and among the 971 women who volunteered to participate in follow-up, 414 (42.6%) chose the levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine device (IUD), 358 (36.9%) chose the etonogestrel (ENG) implant, and 199 (20.5%) chose the TCu380A IUD. Discontinuation due to bothersome bleeding was higher among users of the ENG implant (10/358; 2.4%) and the TCu380A IUD (32/199; 8.9%), and expulsion was higher for the TCu380A IUD (30/199; 15.1%). Women continued at 24 months were 340/414 (82.1%), 270/358 (75.4%), and 119/199 (59.8%) among users of the levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD, ENG implant, and TCu380A IUD, respectively. The users of the levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD (301/339, 88.8%), the ENG-implant (222/270, 82.2%), and the TCu380A IUD (105/119, 88.2%) were satisfied or very satisfied by 24 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The three LARC methods had great uptake, high continuation, and discontinuation due to bothersome bleeding was higher among users of the ENG implant and the TCu380A IUD, and expulsion was higher for the TCu380A IUD compared to the 52-mg levonorgestrel IUD. Most of the participants reported being very satisfied. IMPLICATIONS: When the LARC methods were offered at no cost in a Brazilian public clinic the uptake, satisfaction and continuation were high by 24 months after device placement, and high level of satisfaction was reported by most of the participants.

Monensin poisoning outbreak in free-ranging and captive birds.

Monensin poisoning is uncommon and has been rarely reported in birds. This work aimed to described clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of monensin poisoning in captive and free-ranging birds. Thirty-seven of 600 captive birds fed a diet containing 893.19 mg/kg of monensin died within 10 days (mortality 6.17%). There was no ionophore antibiotics on the feed label supplied to captive birds, which established an error in feed production. Necropsies were performed on twelve animals: Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) (2/12), greater rhea (Rhea americana) (2/12), black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus) (2/12), garganey (Anas querquedula) (1/12), ostrich (Struthio camelus) (1/12), and common pigeon (Columbus livia) (4/12). These four common pigeons were free-ranging birds and died after eating the same contaminated feed. Birds were mainly found dead, however in animals which clinical signs were observed (Columba livia, Rhea americana, Cairina moschata, Anas querquedula, and Struthio camelus), they included incoordination, inability to stand, and intense prostration, that ranged from 24 to 72 h until death. Grossly, five birds had focally extensive pale firm areas in the myocardium and two had in the skeletal muscles, one being concomitant lesions. Histologically, muscle necrosis and degeneration were observed in striated musculature (skeletal and/or heart) in all birds analyzed. Monensin poisoning outbreaks can affect free-ranging birds that are fed on external feeders, as well as captive birds, due to an error in the feed formulation.

Association between COVID-19 and vaccination on menstrual cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the menstrual pattern of women of reproductive age infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A cross-sectional study at the University of Campinas, Brazil using Google questionnaire applied from December 2021 through February 2022, disseminated through snowball technique. Participants responded about characteristics of their menstrual cycle before the pandemic and before COVID-19 vaccination, and then about characteristics of their cycle 3 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 3 months after vaccination. Our primary outcome was a binary indicator of changes in the menstrual cycle. We used multivariate regression analysis to identify factors associated with menstrual changes. RESULTS: We received 1012 completed questionnaires and 735 (72.7%) were from women aged between 20 and 39 years, 745 (73.6%) were White and 491 (48.6%) lived with a partner. A total of 419 (41.6%) of the women reported SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, only two of them were hospitalized, and 995 (98.8%) of women had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. About menstrual characteristics, 170 (41.3%) reported changes after having COVID-19 and 294 (29.9%) after COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. Few years of schooling, lower income, and non-white ethnicity were related to higher reports of menstrual changes after COVID-19. Menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination were associated with not using contraception. Higher body mass index was associated with irregularities in cyclicity and bleeding days, after COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results corroborated the stability of the menstrual cycle after having COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination; however, there is a potential relationship between menstrual changes and socioeconomic factors as well as contraceptive use.

Clinical Assessment of 3 Intrauterine Devices in Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical performance, bleeding pattern, dysmenorrhea, and satisfaction up to 1 year after placement of 3 types of intrauterine devices (IUDs) (TCu380A, levonorgestrel 52 mg, and levonorgestrel 19.5 mg) in adolescents METHODS: The study was a randomized trial with 318 adolescents allocated to the 3 IUDs. We assessed reasons for removal, continuation, menstrual patterns, dysmenorrhea, and satisfaction. RESULTS: Participants aged (mean ± SD) 17.9 ± 1.4 years, with 80.8% being nulligravidae. After 1 year, 265 (83.3%) continued using the IUD; however, the continuation rate of TCu380A (75.4 ± 4.2) was lower than that of both the levonorgestrel 52-mg (88.6 ± 3.1) and 19.5-mg IUDs (86.8 ± 3.3), and bleeding/pain and expulsion were the main reasons for removal of the TCu380A IUD. The duration of menstruation was longer among the TCu380A IUD users (6.0 ± 2.0 days) than those using the levonorgestrel 52 mg (2.5 ± 3.9) and 19.5 mg (3.2 ± 3.2) devices, P < .001. Amenorrhea was reported by 49.5% and 37.8% users of the levonorgestrel 52-mg and 19.5-mg devices, respectively, P < .001. Dysmenorrhea was reported in 68.5% of all participants at the baseline; this was 67.9% of the TCu380A group and 33.3% and 36.0% of the levonorgestrel 52-mg and 19.5-mg IUD groups, respectively, P < .001. Satisfaction ranged from 80.7% in the TCu380A group to 97.8% in the levonorgestrel 52-mg group (P = .03). CONCLUSION: The 3 IUDs are suitable for adolescents, with high contraceptive efficacies and rates of continuation within 1 year of use and high degrees of satisfaction. Users of the hormonal IUDs reported lower expulsion rates, more favorable menstrual patterns, and less dysmenorrhea compared with the TCu380A IUD.

Food supply and provisioning behavior of parents: Are small hoopoe nestlings condemned to die?

Parents might use signals of need or of quality to decide food provisioning among their offspring, while the use of one or another signal might depend on food availability. Begging success of nestlings of different quality (i.e., body size) would also depend on food availability, and we here explore the effect of experimental food supply in begging success of nestlings and in provisioning of female hoopoes (Upupa epops), a species with extreme hatching asynchrony and nestlings size hierarchy. We video-recorded food allocation of females, begging success of nestlings of different size, and the social context (i.e., the size category of the other nestlings that were begging for food) during periods when experimental food supply was or was not available in the same nests. We found that when experimental food supplementation was present, begging success of the intermediate, but not that of large or small-sized nestlings, increased. The experiment, however, did not affect the feeding preferences of females toward nestlings of different size. Moreover, when small nestlings were the only ones that were begging for food, their begging success decreased in the experimental period, and females used supplemented prey to feed themselves. Those results, on one hand, confirm the importance of food availability for the begging success of nestlings of particular sizes and, on the other, indicate that females prefer to use extra food for their own rather than for the smallest nestlings. We discuss possible mechanisms explaining the detected experimental effects and the adaptive and nonadaptive explanations of mothers ignoring the small nestlings.

Aerosol optical properties over the South Atlantic and southern ocean during the 2010-2012 summer seasons as part of the global maritime aerosol network.

Aerosols have implications to climate and biogeochemical cycles in the global oceans. At sites under indirect influence of dust emitted by the Patagonian semi-desert, a debate exists on the potential fertilization effects of iron enriched aerossol. Considering this subject we conducted measurements of aerosols optical properties using a Microtops II sun photometer to access aerosol size distributions and other intrinsic properties oversea from Atlantic Southern mid-latitudes to Antarctica. Oceanographic cruises were developed between December 2010 to April 2011 and October 2011 to April 2012, in the context of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, and between November 2011 to December 2011. This survey was taken as part of the Global Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN/NASA). Our data of AOD (500 nm) along the South American coast depicts a steady decrease southwards following the decreased latitudinal continental extent. However, the influence of the aerosols blown from Patagonia semi-desert region was clear from latitude 53°S to 64°S. The predominance of aerosol fine mode was observed in Central Atlantic and close to the Drake Passage. An unexpected aerosol coarse mode predominance was found close to the Antarctic Peninsula. We attribute that to a possible weathering of rock outcrops due to the strong westerly winds in that region.

Maize heat shock proteins-prospection, validation, categorization and in silico analysis of the different ZmHSP families.

Among the plant molecular mechanisms capable of effectively mitigating the effects of adverse weather conditions, the heat shock proteins (HSPs), a group of chaperones with multiple functions, stand out. At a time of full progress on the omic sciences, they look very promising in the genetic engineering field, especially in order to conceive superior genotypes, potentially tolerant to abiotic stresses (AbSts). Recently, some works concerning certain families of maize HSPs (ZmHSPs) were published. However, there was still a lack of a study that, with a high degree of criteria, would fully conglomerate them. Using distinct but complementary strategies, we have prospected as many ZmHSPs candidates as possible, gathering more than a thousand accessions. After detailed data mining, we accounted for 182 validated ones, belonging to seven families, which were subcategorized into classes with potential for functional parity. In them, we identified dozens of motifs with some degree of similarity with proteins from different kingdoms, which may help explain some of their still poorly understood means of action. Through in silico and in vitro approaches, we compared their expression levels after controlled exposure to several AbSts' sources, applied at diverse tissues, on varied phenological stages. Based on gene ontology concepts, we still analyzed them from different perspectives of term enrichment. We have also searched, in model plants and close species, for potentially orthologous genes. With all these new insights, which culminated in a plentiful supplementary material, rich in tables, we aim to constitute a fertile consultation source for those maize researchers attracted by these interesting stress proteins.

Epidemiology of monkeypox notifications in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the epidemiological profile of suspected, confirmed, and probable cases of monkeypox in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: a descriptive, retrospective study of reported suspected, confirmed, and probable cases of monkeypox infection in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study period was from the first notification, on June 11, to September 7, 2022. RESULTS: a total of 759 suspected, confirmed, and probable cases of monkeypox infection were reported, with 35.44% suspected, 53.75% confirmed, and 10.81% probable cases, respectively. As for the coexisting diseases within confirmed cases, 38.79% were related to people living with human immunodeficiency virus, and 13.74% had some active sexually transmitted infection. Regarding the evolution of confirmed cases, 47.43% were cured. CONCLUSIONS: the results contribute to greater knowledge and control of the infection by allowing better disease management and care offered in health services.

Meat Consumption and Availability for Its Reduction by Health and Environmental Concerns: A Pilot Study.

(1) Background: Excessive meat consumption has raised multiple health and environmental concerns; however, there are no data on the population's willingness to reduce its intake for these reasons. The current study aims to assess the frequency of meat intake and readiness to limit consumption due to concern about the impact on health and the environment in residents of the Lisbon metropolitan region. (2) Methods: This analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 197 residents in the metropolitan region of Lisbon. The participants were divided into two groups by age (GI: 20-29 years; GII: 40-64 years). Meat consumption and willingness to reduce it were assessed through a questionnaire. (3) Results: Most participants (67%) reported not having knowledge about the ecological footprint of meat. Being a less frequent meat consumer (<1 time per day) is associated with a willingness 3.6 times higher (p < 0.001) to reduce meat consumption due to sensitivity to the impact on health and 4.0 times higher (p < 0.001) due to environmental reasons. (4) Conclusions: Lower meat consumption frequency was associated with reductions in this consumption for environmental and health reasons.

Effect of Combined Training on Body Image, Body Composition and Functional Capacity in Patients with Breast Cancer: Controlled Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of combined training on body image (BI), body composition and functional capacity in patients with breast cancer. As also the relationship of BI with body composition and functional capacity. METHODS: This was a Controlled Clinical Trial study, this study including 26 patients with breast cancer (30 to 59 years). The training group (n = 13) underwent 12 weeks of training, including three 60-min sessions of aerobic exercise and resistance training, and two sessions of flexibility training per week; each flexibility exercise lasted 20s. The Control Group (n = 13) received only the standard hospital treatment. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks. BI (primary outcomes) was assessed using the Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire; Body composition was estimated with the indicators: Body mass index; Weight, Waist hip Ratio; Waist height ratio; Conicity index; Reciprocal ponderal index; Percentage of fat; Circumference of the abdomen and waist; Functional capacity by cardiorespiratory fitness (cycle ergometer) and strength (manual dynamometer). The statistic was performed in the Biostatistics and Stata 14.0 (α = 5%). RESULTS: The patients in the training group showed a reduction in the limitation dimension (p = 0.036) on BI, However, an increase in waist circumference was observed in both groups. In addition an increase in VO2max (p < 0.001) and strength in the right (p = 0.005) and left arms (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Combined training demonstrates to be an effective and non-pharmacological strategy to patients with breast cancer, with improvement on BI and functional capacity, changing related variables negatively when there is no physical training.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento combinado na imagem corporal (IB), composição corporal e capacidade funcional em pacientes com câncer de mama. Assim como a relação do IB com a composição corporal e capacidade funcional. MéTODOS:: Este foi um estudo de Ensaio Clínico Controlado, este estudo incluiu 26 pacientes com câncer de mama (30 a 59 anos). O grupo de treinamento (n = 13) foi submetido a 12 semanas de treinamento, incluindo três sessões de 60 min de exercício aeróbio e treinamento de resistência, e duas sessões de treinamento de flexibilidade por semana; cada exercício de flexibilidade durou 20s. O Grupo Controle (n = 13) recebeu apenas o tratamento hospitalar padrão. Os participantes foram avaliados no início e após 12 semanas. O IB (desfechos primários) foi avaliado por meio do Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire; A composição corporal foi estimada com os indicadores: índice de massa corporal; Peso, relação cintura-quadril; Relação da altura da cintura; Índice de conicidade; Índice ponderal recíproco; Porcentagem de gordura; Circunferência do abdômen e cintura; Capacidade funcional por aptidão cardiorrespiratória (cicloergômetro) e força (dinamômetro manual). A estatística foi realizada na Bioestatística e no Stata 14.0 (α = 5%). RESULTADOS: Os pacientes do grupo de treinamento apresentaram redução da dimensão da limitação (p = 0,036) no IB, porém, foi observado aumento da circunferência da cintura em ambos os grupos. Além disso, um aumento do VO2máx (p <0,001) e da força nos braços direito (p = 0,005) e esquerdo (p = 0,033). CONCLUSãO:: O treinamento combinado demonstra ser uma estratégia eficaz e não farmacológica para pacientes com câncer de mama, com melhora do IB e da capacidade funcional, alterando variáveis relacionadas negativamente quando não há treinamento físico.

Teoria fundamentada sobre o tornar-se cuidador de um familiar em cuidado paliativo pela atenção domiciliar / Grounded theory about becoming a caregiver of a family member under palliative care at home

Introdução: O Cuidado Paliativo domiciliar, aliado ao trabalho multiprofissional e à presença de um cuidador familiar, possibilita a produção de autonomia e de alternativas criativas no cuidado. Objetivo: Compreender as condições relacionadas ao tornar-se cuidador familiar principal de um membro da família que recebe cuidados paliativos por serviço de Atenção Domiciliar. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa, utilizando a perspectiva metodológica de Strauss e Corbin da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Realizamos entrevistas em profundidade com 18 participantes, sendo nove cuidadores familiares e nove profissionais de enfermagem de um Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar e as analisamos pelas codificações aberta, axial e seletiva. Posteriormente, apresentamos as categorias construídas em uma roda de conversa com 15 cuidadores familiares e nove profissionais para a validação teórica. Resultados: O processo de tornar-se cuidador familiar relaciona-se a três subcategorias analíticas: ''Assumindo o cuidado domiciliar do familiar dependente''; ''(Des) conhecendo a condição de saúde do familiar e o significado de cuidados paliativos''e ''Vivenciando os cuidados paliativos e lidando com a possibilidade de morte''. Destaca-se que os familiares tornaram-se cuidadores pela imperativa necessidade do cuidado de um parente. A compreensão sobre o significado de cuidado paliativo foi se instituindo pela vivência deste familiar e pelo lidar diário com a condição e possibilidades de morte, mediada pela equipe de Atenção Domiciliar, destacando-se os profissionais de enfermagem. Os profissionais atuantes no serviço mostraram dificuldades para abordarem o tema da morte e de cuidado paliativo com paciente e cuidador. Conclusão: Tornar-se cuidador familiar mostra-se um processo complexo, permeado por diversas interações entre pacientes, cuidadores familiares e profissionais da saúde. Identificou-se que as dificuldades nesse processo podem ser amenizadas por meio de estratégias adotadas pelos profissionais para ampliar a comunicação e o apoio frente às singularidades das famílias e, também, através da implementação de políticas públicas que favoreçam o cuidador.

Introducción: El cuidado paliativo en el hogar, aliado al trabajo multiprofesional y a la presencia de una persona familiar cuidadora, posibilita la obtención de autonomía y de alternativas creativas en el cuidado. Objetivo: Comprender las condiciones relacionadas al convertirse en la persona cuidadora principal de un miembro de la familia que recibe cuidados paliativos en el hogar. Método: Investigación cualitativa, utilizando la perspectiva metodológica de Strauss y Corbin de la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Se realizaron entrevistas exhaustivas a 18 participantes, 9 familiares cuidadores y 9 profesionales de enfermería de un Servicio de Atención en el Hogar. Estas entrevistas fueron analizadas por codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Posteriormente, se presentan las categorías identificadas en una rueda de conversación con 15 familiares cuidadores y 9 profesionales para su validación teórica. Resultados: El proceso de convertirse en una persona cuidadora familiar está relacionado a tres subcategorías analíticas: ''Comprometiéndose con la asistencia en el hogar de la persona familiar dependiente.''; ''(Des) conociendo la condición de salud de la persona familiar y el significado de los cuidados paliativos''y ''Vivenciando los cuidados paliativos y lidiando con la posibilidad de muerte''. Se destaca que familiares se convierten en cuidadores por la imperativa necesidad de cuidados de un pariente. La comprensión del significado de los cuidados paliativos fue instituida por la experiencia de esta persona integrante de la familia y por el tratamiento diario de la condición y posibilidades de muerte, mediada por el equipo de asistencia en el hogar, especialmente las personas profesionales de enfermería. Las personas profesionales de enfermería que actúan en el servicio mostraron dificultades para abordar el tema de la muerte y los cuidados paliativos con pacientes y cuidador. Conclusión: Convertirse en persona cuidadora familiar es un proceso complejo, permeado por diferentes interacciones entre pacientes, cuidadores familiares y profesionales de la salud. Se identificó que las dificultades en ese proceso pueden ser paliadas a través de estrategias adoptadas por las personas profesionales para ampliar la comunicación y el apoyo frente a las singularidades de las familias y, también, a través de la implementación de políticas públicas que favorezcan a quien realiza el cuidado.

Introduction: Palliative care at home, combined with multiprofessional work and the presence of a family caregiver, enables the achievement of autonomy and creative alternatives in caregiving. Objective: To understand the conditions related to becoming the main caregiver of a family member receiving palliative care at home. Method: Qualitative research, using Strauss and Corbin's methodological perspective of Grounded Data Theory. In-depth interviews were conducted, with 18 participants: nine family caregivers and nine nursing professionals from a Home Care Service, and were analyzed them by open, axial and selective coding. Subsequently, the categories identified in a conversation with fifteen family caregivers and nine professionals are presented for theoretical validation. Results: The process of becoming a family caregiver is related to three analytical subcategories: "Engaging in the home care of the dependent family member"; " (Un) knowing the health condition of the family member and the meaning of palliative care," and "Experiencing palliative care and coping with the possibility of death". It is emphasized that family members became caregivers due to the imperative need for care of a relative. The understanding of the meaning of palliative care was instituted by the experience of this family member, by the daily treatment of the condition, and the possibilities of death, mediated by the Home Care team, especially the nursing professionals. The professionals working in the service showed difficulties in addressing the theme of death and palliative care with patients and caregivers. Conclusion: Becoming a family caregiver is a complex process, permeated by different interactions between patients, family caregivers and health professionals. It was identified that the difficulties in this process can be mitigated through strategies adopted by professionals to expand the communication and the support for the specific needs of families and, also, through the implementation of public policies that favor the caregiver.