Temporal exposure to malathion: Biochemical changes in the Amazonian fish tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum.

The main toxicity mechanism of organophosphate insecticides such as malathion is the acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition. However, fish responses to organophosphates may vary depending on the activation of different defense mechanisms as well as the length of exposure. As such, the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity, in combination with the evaluation of biotransformation and antioxidants enzymes levels, is useful for indicating damage in fish exposed to this insecticide. Moreover, evaluating mitochondrial activity might evidence how the hierarchic responses occur in relation to the length of time that the fish is exposed. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate whether the length of exposure to malathion differentially affects the biochemical responses of tambaqui. Our hypothesis is that the physiological alterations due to exposure are time dependent. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide during 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Contrary to expectations, there was no acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition during the experiment, which indicates an absence of neurotoxicity. Phase II biotransformation mechanism was activated early, especially in the liver. Oxidative damage was evident in the first hours of exposure and was concurrent with the activation of antioxidant enzymes. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were differentially affected by the length of exposure. The data suggest that the tambaqui regulates mitochondrial respiration differently over time, seeking to maintain homeostasis and ATP demand, and ensures the activation of response mechanisms, thus minimizing oxidative damage and avoiding the neurotoxicity of malathion.

Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper affects branchial and hepatic phosphoryl transfer network of Cichlasoma amazonarum: Impacts on bioenergetics homeostasis.

The toxic effects of copper (Cu) are linked to dysfunction of metabolism and depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nevertheless, the effects related to phosphoryl transfer network, a network of enzymes to precise coupling of the ATP-production and ATP-consuming process for maintenance of bioenergetic, remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the phosphoryl transfer network could be one pathway involved in the bioenergetic imbalance of Cichlasoma amazonarum exposed for 96 h to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu found in Amazonia water around mines. Branchial mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 µg/L Cu than in the control group, while branchial cytosolic CK activity was significantly greater. Branchial (exposed to 750 and 1500 µg/L Cu) and hepatic (exposed to 1500 µg/L Cu) pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was significantly lower in fish exposed to Cu than in the control group. Branchial and hepatic ATP levels were significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 µg/L than in the control group. Branchial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 750 and 1500 µg/L Cu compared to control. Hepatic ROS and LPO levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 µg/L than in the control group. Branchial and hepatic Cu levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 µg/L compared to other groups. Exposure to 750 and 1500 µg/L Cu impairs bioenergetics homeostasis, which appears to be mediated by ROS overproduction and lipid peroxidation.

Bolsonaro e a COVID-19: e daí? "o Brazil tá matando o Brasil", "do Brasil, SOS ao Brasil", "chora a nossa pátria, mãe gentil... "

Editorial crítico-analítico da situação político-social do país, denunciando os movimentos autoritários que o (des)governo bolsonaro vem implementando em plena pandemia de coronavirus, na direção de uma tentantiva de quebra do estado de direito. Trás reflexões sobre a educação e a educação física em tempos de Covid-19, bem como aponta questões sobre temas a serem considerados na realidade pós-pandemia.

A cobertura jornalística da cerimônia de abertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 e a repercussão na rede social Twitter / The journalistic coverage of the opening ceremony of the London Olympic games 2012 and the repercurssion in Twitter / La cobertura periodística de la ceremonia de apertura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 e la repercusión en lo twitter

O presente texto é parte de uma pesquisa coletiva que analisou, de forma comparativa, a cobertura jornalístico-esportiva dos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 (JO/2012) entre a Rede Record, detentora brasileira dos direitos de transmissão do evento, e as demais emissoras de TV aberta do país, com o interesse na cerimônia de abertura. Constituíram-se como corpus de análise os conteúdos veiculados, no dia da abertura, nos jornais da Record, da Globo e da Band. A fim de ampliar o conteúdo de comparações, optou-se, ainda, pelo monitoramento de postagens sobre a cerimônia no Twitter. A base teórico-metodológica utilizada foi a Análise de Enquadramento, comum à pesquisa maior. Na discussão, a cerimônia de abertura do megaevento esportivo se apresentou como um produto audiovisual propício ao entrelaçamento de características mercadológicas e interesses midiáticos-esportivos, que se refletiram no posicionamento, na construção do discurso e na veiculação dos conteúdos jornalísticos sobre os JO/2012.

This text is part of a collective research that examined, in a comparative way, the journalistic-sports coverage of the Olympic Games London/2012 (OG 2012) besides Rede Record, Brazilian holder of broadcast rights to the event, and other open TV stations in country, whose interest focused on the opening ceremony. The analisys corpus were the broadcast content, on opening day, on Record, Globo and Band news. In order to expand the comparisons content, it was decided also by monitoring postings about the ceremony on Twitter. The theoretical-methodological basis used was Analysis Framework, common to most research. In the opening ceremony discuss of the sports mega event is presented as a new audio-visual product propitious to market characteristics interlacement and media-sporting interests, which is reflected in the positioning, in the construction of speech and placement of journalistic news content about OG 2012.

Este texto forma parte de una investigación colectiva que examinó, de manera comparativa, la cobertura periodística de los deportes de los Juegos Olímpicos London/2012 (JO 2012), además de la Rede Record, titular brasileña de derechos de transmisión para el evento, y otras estaciones de televisión abierta en el país, cuyo el interés se centró en la ceremonia de inauguración. Corpus a los análisis fueron el contenido de las emisiones, en la jornada inaugural, en la Record, Globo y noticias Band. Con el fin de ampliar el contenido de las comparaciones, se decidió también por el seguimiento de publicaciones sobre la ceremonia en Twitter. El fundamento teórico-metodológico utilizado fue el Análisis de Marco, común a la mayoría de investigaciones. En la ceremonia de apertura discutir de los deportes mega evento se presenta como un nuevo producto audiovisual propicio a las características del mercado y los medios de comunicación-entrelazamiento deportivos intereses, lo que se refleja en el posicionamiento, en la construcción del discurso y la colocación de contenido de noticias periodísticas sobre JO 2012.

Representações de corpo e movimento no ciberespaço: notas de um estudo etnográfico no jogo Second Life / Body and movement representations in cyberspace: notes of an ethnographic study in the game Second Life

Este artigo, recorte da dissertação defendida sob o título "Avatares no Second Life: corpo e movimento na constituição da noção de pessoa on-line", pretende revelar de que forma corpo e movimento são problematizados no ciberespaço, especialmente no jogo Second Life. Partindo de um percurso etnográfico, percebeu-se que os conceitos de imaginação e imaginário são essenciais para compreender como os participantes tecem em suas brincadeiras narrativas, caminhos para construir no ciberespaço uma corporalidade central na constituição da noção de pessoa on-line. O trabalho também discorre sobre as possíveis aproximações das tecnologias digitais, em especial, dos jogos eletrônicos, com a Educação Física.

This paper, a cut of the dissertation defended under the title "Second Life Avatars: body and movement in the constitution of the idea of person in on-line environments", seeks to reveal in what ways form and body movement are problematised in cyberspace, especially in the game Second Life. Based on the ethnographic perspective, there has been realized that the concepts of imagination and imaginary are essential to understand how participants make in their play narratives, ways to build in cyberspace a central corporality in the constitution of the concept of on-line person. The work also discusses the possible approaches of digital technologies, in particular, the electronic games, with Physical Education.

[Antibacterial activity of essential oils on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection]. / Atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais em cepas isoladas de infecção urinária.

The antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Ocimum gratissimum, L., Cybopogum citratus (DC) Stapf., and Salvia officinalis, L.) was assessed on bacterial strains derived from 100 urine samples. Samples were taken from subjects diagnosed with urinary tract infection living in the community. Microorganisms were plated on Müller Hinton agar. Plant extracts were applied using a Steers replicator and petri dishes were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Salvia officinalis, L. showed enhanced inhibitory activity compared to the other two herbs, with 100% efficiency against Klebsiella and Enterobacter species, 96% against Escherichia coli, 83% against Proteus mirabilis, and 75% against Morganella morganii.

Atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais em cepas isoladas de infecção urinária / Antibacterial activity of essential oils on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection

A análise da atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais de ervas medicinais (Ocimum gratissimum, L., Cybopogum citratus (DC) Stapf. e Salvia officinalis, L.) foi verificada frente a 100 cepas de bactérias isoladas de indivíduos da comunidade com diagnóstico de infecção urinária. Os microrganismos foram semeados em ágar Muller Hinton e os extratos aplicados com replicador de Steers e incubados a 37ºC por 24 horas. Verificou-se que Salvia officinalis, L. apresentou ação inibitória superior às outras ervas, tendo eficácia de 100 por cento quando testadas em espécies de Klebsiella e Enterobacter, 96 por cento em Escherichia coli, 83 por cento contra Proteus mirabilis e 75 por cento contra Morganella morganii.