RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. In Brazil, the high rate of dissemination made it necessary to adopt restrictive measures nationwide with the discussion regarding the resumption of economic activities starting in April. In mid-December the country had 6,970,034 cases diagnosed and 182,799 deaths from COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the content and characteristics of official documents, which guided the period of transition and resumption of economic activities in Brazil based on health indicators. METHODS: This is a documental research, carried out between May and July 2020, using official websites and publications from the state governments of the 27 federative units in Brazil as sources. In the study, only documents that used epidemiological and health indicators were included as determining criteria for decision making in relation to the easing, permanence or regression of social isolation measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS: Plans, decrees and technical notes were identified for 18 Brazilian federal units. In most documents, the scientific team was made up exclusively of technicians (n = 10). The number of indicators found ranged from 2 to 11, being stratified into 5 categories: frequency and distribution of the disease; social and collective adherence; installed capacity or service profile; productive potential; and availability of supplies. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Knowing governmental strategies, adopted in the easing of restrictive measures, in the face of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic based on indicators and with the possibility of comparison between different federative units, provides subsidies for understanding the outcome of the disease by place of occurrence, allowing the construction of a panorama pathology in the country. The appropriation of the findings of this study by Brazil and other countries also serves as an instrument for reflection and planning of policies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, urban cleaning professionals play an important role within a context characterized by annual increase of the garbage production. However, the job exposes such workers to various occupational hazards, an issue little discussed in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To identify occupational hazards to which Brazilian solid workers are exposed, as well as factors associated with their minimization. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and PubMed. Gray literature was also searched through Google Scholar and included studies published along a ten-year period (2006-2016) in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. RESULTS: Twelve studies were located; the results showed that waste workers were exposed to biological, accidental, chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychosocial risks. The risks declined with adherence to use of personal protective equipment and guidance for workers, employers, and population. CONCLUSIONS: Given the few studies in this field, more evidence-based research is necessary to serve as grounds for the development and implementation of public health policies aiming at reducing occupational risks among the studied population.
CONTEXTO: No Brasil, os profissionais de limpeza urbana desempenham um papel importante em um contexto em que a produção de lixo no país aumenta consideravelmente a cada ano. No entanto, esse trabalho expõe tais trabalhadores a vários riscos ocupacionais, sendo essa questão pouco discutida na literatura. OBJETIVO: Identificar os riscos ocupacionais aos quais esses trabalhadores estão expostos e fatores associados à sua minimização. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Scielo, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. A literatura cinza também foi consultada através do Google Scholar e incluiu estudos publicados em um recorte de dez anos (2006-2016) em português, inglês e espanhol. RESULTADOS: Doze estudos foram identificados e seus resultados mostraram que os trabalhadores de resíduos estão expostos a riscos biológicos, de acidentes, químicos, ergonômicos, físicos e psicossociais. Os riscos diminuem com a aderência a Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e orientação aos trabalhadores, empregadores e população. CONCLUSÃO: Dada a escassez de estudos neste campo, há a necessidade de mais pesquisas baseadas em evidências que possam servir de subsídio para o desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas de saúde visando a redução dos riscos ocupacionais no grupo estudado.