[Genetic aspects of urolithiasis].

The article presents summarized results of domestic and international studies of the genetic aspects of urolithiasis. The presented evidence suggests the importance of early and accurate molecular genetic diagnostics of hereditary diseases associated with stone formation for timely treatment and prevention for patients' relatives. Also provided are examples of using molecular genetic diagnostics in urologist's practice for monogenic and multifactorial diseases associated with stone formation. Taken together, these results show that using modern post-genomic technologies for assessing the risk of hereditary predisposition to urolithiasis is justified.

[Plant-derived terpenes in treating patients with urolithiasis].

Numerous metabolic abnormalities intrinsic to urolithiasis require drug therapy. At the same time, despite the constant expansion of synthetic drugs, plant-derived medications play a large role in the treatment and prevention of the disease. AIM: To evaluate the effect of a plant-derived preparation Rowatinex in patients with urolithiasis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and analyze the changes in blood and urine parameters in patients receiving the preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Depending on the type of post-ESWL treatment, patients were divided into two groups. After ESWL, patients of group A (n=107) and group B (n=50) were administered Rowatinex and antispasmodic drugs, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Clearance of stone fragments after ESWL within 1-5 days was achieved in 76 (71.1%) patients of group A and in 20 (40.4%) of group B. Analysis of the effect of the therapy on blood count, biochemistry tests and 24h excretion (magnesium, uric acid, calcium, etc.) did not reveal significant differences between group A group B and reference values. Increased diuresis caused by antispasmodic effects of Rowatinex resulted in the complete clearance of stone fragments. Urinalysis in patients of the two groups showed decreased leukocyturia. Furthermore, stabilization of urine pH within the 6.2-6.8 was noted in group A, which is important and necessary in metaphylaxis of recurrent stone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of Rowatinex increases the percentage of stone fragment clearance after ESWL and reduces pain intensity. Rowatinex reduces leukocyturia, increases 24h diuresis and stabilizes the pH of urine. Increasing and stabilizing urine pH in patients with calcium oxalate and urate stones reduces the risk of recurrence after ESWL. No complications associated with Rowatinex were reported, allowing long-term administration of the preparation in the complex lithokinetic therapy and for metaphylaxis of recurrent stone formation.

[The risk of bladder cancer in patients with prostatic hyperplasia and strategies to manage this combination].

The combination of bladder cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in 5-27% of cases. The link between these diseases has not yet been closely investigated. The main role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer combined with BPH is played by the residual urine and prolonged exposure of urothelium to the urine carcinogens. The choice of surgical treatment modality for the combination of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and BPH is still a matter of debate. There is no consensus on the safety and appropriateness of simultaneous transurethral resection of the bladder and prostate in these patients. On one hand, opponents of simultaneous surgery suggest sustained exposure to carcinogens and the spread of tumor cells in a transurethral resection through the prostate wound surface in the blood and lymphatic vessels. On the other hand, supporters refer to studies and meta-analyzes showing that the simultaneous resection neither increases the recurrence rate of bladder cancer nor causes metastasis and tumor progression.