Assessment of the invasion process of the common raccoon Procyon lotor (Carnivora: Procyonidae) on a Mediterranean island a decade after its introduction.

The common raccoon, Procyon lotor was introduced at the Balearic Islands (Spain) in 2006. Since then, a colonization process has been carried out, with captures of specimens in 24.30% of the surface of the whole Mallorca Island. For the first time, information has been provided on the invasive process of P. lotor in an insular ecosystem. 257 specimens of P. lotor were captured during the period 2007-2018, of them 104 were analysed to estimate population parameters. Demographic data showed that the population had a sex ratio of 1.00:1.21 (males:females), high BMI values and up to 40% of females were lactating when captured. Related to diet data, the composition was mainly the same as previous studies around its natural and introduced distribution area. Plant residues represented the 53.25 ±â€¯38.66% followed by invertebrates with 12.22 ±â€¯22.54%, inorganic remains with 11.9 ±â€¯22.07% and finally the vertebrates with 4.94 ±â€¯18.27%. Thus, it is shown how an opportunistic omnivorous species has adapted to the resources provided by the island. Cultivated plants' remains and plastic content in diet evidence that P. lotor is entering in contact with human settlements and agricultural areas. As occurred in other islands where P. lotor was introduced, it is expected that it could become a future problem for the conservation biodiversity in insular ecosystems, as well as for agriculture and human activity. Due to the potential impact on native biodiversity it is necessary to reinforce the implementation of control actions and prevent its expansion to the rest of the island.

Site-selective-induced isomerization of formamide.

The new capacity of X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities to produce multi-color X-ray femtosecond pulses paves the way to explore ultrafast phenomena in matter induced by X-ray photons. In the present study, we exploit the site-selectivity and the high temporal resolution of a two-color X-ray femtosecond pump-probe sequence to investigate the isomerization of formamide. The pump pulse excites a particular atomic site in the molecule, while the probe pulse captures changes in the chemical environment at a remote atomic site. The response of the system is found to strongly depend on the nature of the excited site, and the core excitation provides selective control over chemical bond breaking. In particular, we show that the N1s → π* transition can induce the isomerization reaction in formamide and demonstrate the possibility to observe in real time hydrogen migration by measuring the chemical shifts with the X-ray probe pulse. This work opens a unique prospect for X-ray-induced photochemistry at XFEL facilities.

Anatomical relationship between the position of the sigmoid sinus, tympanic membrane and digastric ridge with the mastoid segment of the facial nerve.

Our study was carried out to examine the relationships of the sigmoid sinus, tympanic membrane and digastric ridge with the mastoid segment of the facial nerve. We studied 33 adult temporal bones. The distances among these structures were evaluated according specific landmarks that can be repeated in a simple manner. We found a good relation, in a proportional and lineal order, between these three structures and the facial nerve. This study indicated a correlation between the position of these three structures and the mastoid segment of the facial nerve through a simple morphometric method.

La roncopatía crónica y el síndrome de la apnea obstructiva del sueño: papel de la otorrinolaringología / Chronic rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: the role of othorhinolaringology

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Fracturas de cadera con tratamiento conservador: estudio epidemiológico / Hip fractures treated conservatively: epidemiological study

Objetivo: Valorar la importancia epidemiológica y los resultados del tratamiento conservador en aquellos pacientes mayores de 60 años que han sufrido una fractura de cadera. Pacientes: Desde enero a diciembre de 1998 fueron atendidos en nuestro centro 809 pacientes con fractura de cadera, de las cuales 156 fueron tratadas de modo conservador. De éstas, 111 fueron seguidas durante un periodo de estudio de un año o hasta su defunción. Resultados: Epidemiológicamente, los pacientes tratados de modo conservador constituyen el 19,3 por ciento de las fracturas de cadera atendidas en nuestro centro, y su estancia hospitalaria media es de 6,78 días, de lo cual se deriva su importancia. Con el tratamiento ortopédico de estos pacientes, al año de seguimiento se encontró un marcado deterioro funcional respecto de su estado previo. Igualmente mostraron un leve deterioro mental y un 60 por ciento de los pacientes estaban descontentos o no satisfechos con el tratamiento realizado. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la presencia de decúbitos y deformidades en la extremidad afecta. La mortalidad fue máxima en los dos primeros meses, donde sucedieron el 54 por ciento de las defunciones, siendo la mortalidad acumulada al año del 62 por ciento. Conclusiones: Entre los resultados destaca el déficit funcional permanente obtenido con esta pauta de tratamiento, la poca aceptación que los pacientes muestran con el mismo y la alta tasa de mortalidad presentada (AU)

Recomendaciones para mantener una vejez saludable / Recommendations in order to maintain a healthy old age

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Una visión del envejecimiento en el próximo siglo / A vision of aging in the XXI st. Century

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Tratamiento de las fracturas abiertas de la diáfisis tibial mediante enclavado endomedular fresado / Treatment of open tibial shaft fractures by reamed intramedullary nailing

Para valorar la eficacia y seguridad del enclavado endomedular fresado se hace un estudio retrospectivo de 74 casos de fracturas abiertas de la diáfisis de tibia tratados mediante esta técnica con un seguimiento mínimo de 1 año. Basados en la clasificación de Gustilo, 45 casos eran Grado I, 25 Grado II y cuatro Grado IIIA.La demora media en el enclavado fue de 9 días. Todas las fracturas consolidaron en un tiempo medio de 4 meses.En ningún caso se realizó aporte de injerto óseo. Las complicaciones encontradas fueron infección en el 4 por ciento, dismetría mayor de 1 cm en un caso, rotura de un tornillo en un caso y angulación entre 5 y 10° de valgo en 13 casos. Los resultados sugieren que el enclavado endomedular fresado es una opción segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de las fracturas abiertas de la diáfisis tibial Grados I, II y IIIA (AU)

[Front chest pain and paresis of recurrent nerve: sapho syndrome]. / Dolor torácico anterior y paresia del nervio recurrente: síndrome sapho.

The AA. present a rarely encountered case combining a left recurrent palsy due to an sclerosis and hyperostosis of the first costoesternal joint, which improved after an antiinflammatory treatment.

[Efficacy and safety of dotarizine vs. cinnarizine in the symptomatic treatment of acute balance disorders (common vertigo)]. / Eficacia y seguridad de dotarizina frente a cinarizina en el tratamiento sintomático de los trastornos agudos del equilibrio (vértigo común).

One hundred and ten adult patients suffering from peripheral vertigo were treated in a multifactorial double-blind randomized clinical trial with dotarizine (50 mg b.i.d.) or cinnarizine (75 mg b.i.d.). There was a 60 days clinical follow-up. Results showed that dotarizine was significantly active against the vertigo attacks and its associated symptoms (mainly neurovegetative). The global superiority of dotarizine was confirmed by statistically significant differences between treatments in the improvement of the severity of vertigo, hearing loss in audiometries, global relief of symptoms, disability produced by crises and global assessment by the investigators themselves. No clinically significant unwanted effects were seen in either group on blood pressure, heart rate or analytical parameters. No serious adverse effects to dotarizine were reported. This study confirms the value of dotarizine in the treatment of peripheral vertigo.

[Second primary tumors in patients with laryngeal neoplasms]. / Segundos tumores primarios en pacientes con nèoplasia laríngea.

A cohort epidemiologic study of second primary tumours appeared in patients diagnosed of laryngeal neoplasms, between years 1988 and 1990, and a follow-up term of 5 years, is presented. An statistical analysis of several data to define a possible high risk group for developing primary tumours was performed for all patients.

[Mucoceles. Review of reported cases in the last 15 years]. / Mucoceles. Revisión de nuestra casuística en los últimos 15 años.

The AA. present a retrospective study of all instances diagnosed as mucoceles in the last 15 years (1978-1993) at General University Hospital, Valle de Hebrón. Age of occurrence and sex, foregoing pathologic history, clinical picture, diagnostic tests, treatment and subsequent course of the condition are duly considered and appraised. Our attempt has been to stablish a diagnostic clinical pattern of these conditions, which generally are uncovered through its complications.

[Microbiological and auditory analysis before and after topical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma]. / Análisis microbiológico y auditivo antes y después del tratamiento tópico en otitis medias crónicas supurativas no colesteatomatosas.

The AA. present a study microbiologic and auditive as well about chronic, suppurative otitis media non cholesteatomatous, before and after topical treatment. They contemplate 178 samples of chronic discharging ears which were treated with gentamycin 0.3 %, instillation 5 drops every 8 hours, during 10 days. Twelve days later were newly assessed both the otorrhea and the cochleovestibular picture. Germs most frequently detected: Gram-negative 61.6 %, Gram-positive 19.8 %, associated flora 6.4 % and mycosis 2.2 %, among other. Clinic healing accounted for 97.29 % and not significative differences scored pre--and post-treatment.

[Effectiveness of the partial velopalatine++ resection in obstructive apnea syndrome during sleep. Experience with 57 patients]. / Eficacia de la resección parcial velopalatina en el síndrome de apneas obstructivas durante el sueño. Experiencia en 57 pacientes.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the result of partial resection of the soft palate (SPR) as a treatment of the obstructive apnea syndrome during sleep (OASS). METHODS: Fifty-seven patients diagnosed of OASS treated with SPR were studied. The clinical and polysomnographic results prior to surgery and after 6 months were compared. RESULTS: Prior to SPR the 57 patients had a mean index of apnea plus hypopnea per hour of 57 (IAH) and following surgery the same was of 19.2 (p < 0.0001). IAH improved more than 50% in 42 patients (74%), 30 of whom were cured (IAH < or = 10). Daily hypersomnia and snoring disappeared in 58% of the patients and decreased in intensity in most of the remaining cases. The secondary effects observed following SPR were: rhinolalia, nasal fluid reflux, and oropharyngeal disturbances, being present in 32 patients (56%) and permanent, although slight, in only 13 (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Soft palate resection is a good surgical procedure for therapy of obstructive apnea during sleep, with only slight secondary effects.

Surgery for fracture of the calcaneus. 5 (2-8) year follow-up of 20 cases.

20 displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Results were evaluated according to a standardized protocol. With an average follow-up of 5 (2-8) years, results were excellent or good in 15 cases and fair or poor in 5 cases. An accurate radiographic study and CT scanning are essential for understanding these fractures. We feel that restoring calcaneal shape as anatomic as possible, getting an appropriate reduction of the posterior joint surface by a surgical procedure with early mobilization, and delayed weight bearing would be a good option in treatment of these fractures.

[The electronystagmographic protocol for tracking vestibular dysfunction]. / Protocolo electronistagmográfico de despistaje de disfunctión vestibular.

This prospective protocol for vestibular exploration offers the results gained through 296 patients complaining from vestibular disorders. The aim of the AA. is to check the validity of the test proposed (in the midst of the battery of electronystagmographic explorations), consisting in the thermal bilateral and simultaneous stimulation of the labyrinths. They consider this trial very useful because of its sensibility, quickness and tolerance.

Eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone.

Involvement of the temporal bone by eosinophilic granuloma is rare. Two cases are presented and their clinical manifestations, histopathological findings and treatment procedures discussed.

[Radiological appearance of the paranasal sinuses in allergic rhinitis. Apropos of 255 cases. Comparison between patients from urban and rural environments]. / Aspecto radiológico de los senos paranasales en la rinitis alérgica. A propósito de 255 casos. Comparación entre pacientes de ambiente urbano y rural.

The AA. consider the X-ray findings verified in 3 groups of subjects: with Hayfiber, with perennial rhinitis and the last one being a control group. The whole figure comprise as well urban or rural inhabitants. The conclusion drawn out is that more 50 per cent of allergic sufferers show radiologic evidences, especially the urban people, probably on account of the cities pollution.

[Epidemiological factors in allergic rhinitis. Review and personal comparative study of rural and urban populations in the province of Barcelona]. / Factores epidemiológicos de la rinitis alérgica. Revisión y estudio personal comparativo de poblaciones rural y urbana de la provincia de Barcelona.

After a bibliographical perusal of the subject, the AA. deals with the main epidemic factors of allergic rhinitis such as frequency, age, sex, race, geographical differences, climatic and seasonal influences, social and economic status, date of birth, duration, links with asthma bronchial and other allergies, etc. The contribution of the AA. is the personal comparative investigation done, during a 3 years period in rural and urban populations of the province of Barcelona.