[Inefficiency of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in rats with nephrotoxic nephritis]. / Neéffektivnost' sinteticheskikh fenol'nykh antioksidantov pri nefroticheskom nefrite u krys.

The therapeutic effects of the phenolic antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, potassium phenosan and ionol were investigated in rats with nephrotoxic nephritis (NN). The antioxidants were given to the animals during the first 15 days of NN in the maximal doses being 50 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, respectively. alpha-Tocopherol and ionol were given to the rats 14 days and 3 days, respectively before NN was induced. The biochemical and histological evidence suggests that the antioxidants studied had no effect on NN. In contrast, methylprednisolone, given for 15 days in dose of 4 mg/kg exerted a pronounced therapeutic effect in the autologous phase of NN. Concurrent treatment of the rats with both methylprednisolone and potassium phenosan did not enhance a therapeutic hormonal effect.

[Lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of rats with nephritis induced by nephrotoxic serum and proteinuria induced by albumin overload]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v pochkakh krys s nefritom, vyzvannym nefrotoksicheskoi syvorotkoi, i s proteinuriei, indutsirovannoi nagruzkoi al'buminom.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) stimulated by ascorbate was studied in renal cortex of 20 rats with nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) and of 9 rats with proteinuria induced by a 3-day course of i. p. injections of the human serum albumin. At the early stages of NTN (0.5 h. and 3 h.) LPO activities were of the same values as in control rats. A small decrease in renal cortex LPO was found on the 4-th day of NTN when nephrotic syndrome has been developed. A significant reduction in LPO activity was observed on the 16-th day of NTN characterized by a more pronounced nephrotic syndrome. LPO activity in renal cortex of the rats with albumin overload proteinuria was also reduced. An inhibitory effect of proteinuria on LPO activity in kidney is discussed.

[The effect of preparations of specific and nonspecific transfer-factor on the course of experimental tick-borne encephalitis]. / Vliianie preparatov spetsificheskogo i nespetsificheskogo transfer-faktora na techenie éksperimental'nogo kleshchevogo éntsefalita.

Syrian hamsters subcutaneously inoculated with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus were given transfer-factor (TF) preparations derived by different methods. The preparation of specific TF was obtained from the blood leukocytes of TBE convalescents. The nonspecific TF preparations were made of the lymphocytes of the tonsils removed from children with chronic tonsillitis outside the TBE focus. The effect of the TF preparations depended on the TBE virus strain and dose, TF preparation dosage schedule and characteristics. The specific TF preparations stimulated the development of acute fatal TBE after 3 injections at intervals of 0, 48 and 96 hours postinoculation with the virus. The preparations of nonspecific TF potentiate the infection after preliminary (24 hours) and simultaneous inoculation of the virus, producing transformation of asymptomatic infection to subacute TBE or exacerbation of the subacute process. A significant inhibition of TBE virus reproduction in spleen and brain tissues is observed after inoculation of a nonspecific TF F150 preparation 72 hours after virus inoculation, that is at the time when the virus has been already localized in the central nervous system. The results of the study indicate that the protective effect of TF is mainly associated with nonspecific immunopharmacological activity of the preparations.

[Delayed hypersensitivity to the antigens of the herpes simplex virus and herpetic resistance induced in mice by the administration of xenogeneic lymphocytic ultrafiltrates]. / Giperchuvstvitel'nost' zamedlennogo tipa k antigenam virusa prostogo gerpesa i protivogerpeticheskaia rezistentnost', indutsirovannye u myshei vvedeniem ksenogennykh limfotsitarnykh ul'trafil'tratov.

Experiments on mice have shown that ultrafiltrates, prepared from lymphocytes obtained from the spleen of horses immunized with herpes vaccine and from human tonsils, contain herpes-specific transfer factor inducing delayed hypersensitivity. The antiherpetic resistance of mice has been found to achieve its maximum if herpes simplex antigens are introduced after the injection of the preparation of transfer factor.

[Ultrafiltration characteristics of immunobiological preparations]. / Nekotorye osobennosti ul'trafil'tratsii immunobiologicheskikh preparatov.

The removal of ammonium sulfate from the bulk product of fermented antitoxic serum by continuous diafiltration was not accompanied by changes in the stability of the solution. To concentrate immunoglobulin, eluted from DEAE cellulose, by diafiltration, the stabilization of the solution by adding sodium chloride at high concentration was necessary. The use of membranes purchased from different manufacturers and having similar selectivity characteristics permitted obtaining transfer factor preparations somewhat differing in their biological activity. The process of ultrafiltration, carried out in the atmosphere of compressed carbon dioxide, made it possible to obtain such preparations from donor blood plasma.

[Masugi's nephritis: preparation of an active nephrotoxic serum]. / Nefrit Masugi: poluchenie aktivnoi nefrotoksicheskoi syvorotki.

An active nephrotoxic serum (NTS) was prepared by immunization of rabbits with isolated renal glomeruli of rats and Freund's complete adjuvant. The glomeruli were isolated from the renal cortex by the sieving procedure. Intravenous injection of the NTS to rats induced the development of marked proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome. Histological and electron microscopic studies of renal tissue performed by days 5 and 15 since the first injection of the NTS revealed extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. IgG depositions on the basal membranes of the glomerular capillaries were linear on day 5 and granular on day 15 since the first injection of the NTS.

[The local specific immune response to Staphylococcus aureus protein A in human tonsillar lymphoid tissue]. / Mestnyi spetsificheskii immunnyi otvet na belok A Staphylococcus aureus v limfoidnoi tkani mindalin cheloveka.

Formation of antibodies and development of delayed hypersensitivity to protein A are usual components of the immune response of tonsillar lymphoid tissue to S. aureus infection in chronic tonsillitis in man. The preparations of transfer factor, produced from human tonsillar T-cells, show increased activity in the intraspecific transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococcal protein A from humans to mice.

[Experimental basis of a new principle for purifying antilymphocyte serum]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie novogo printsipa ochistki antilimfotsitarnoi syvorotki.

The experiment has demonstrated a higher immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocytic serum, purified with the use of a placental immunoadsorbent, in comparison with the preparations exhausted by red blood cells and plasma. This fact experimentally substantiates the use of the immunoadsorbent prepared from human placenta for the purification of antilymphocytic immunoglobin preparations. Rabbit immunoglobulin to human lymphocytes obtained by means of the new method corresponds to the technical specifications for such preparations and is less reactogenic than antilymphocytic immunoglobulin prepared in accordance with the routine technology.

[Adjuvant properties of transfer factor preparations from human tonsillar lymphocytes]. / Ad"iuvantnye svoistva preparatov transfer-faktora iz limfotsitov mindalin cheloveka.

Low molecular components (Mol. m below 10 000 dalton) of the extract prepared from the human tonsils lymphocytes produced an adjuvant effect on th formation of tuberculin sensitivity in guinea pigs immunized with BCG. This interspecies adjuvant effect was proportional to the dose of the "transfer-factor" preparations administered, depended on the method of their preparation, was expressed in administration of the preparations simultaneously with the immunization, before it or after the tuberculin tests, and under definite conditions was replaced by the immunodepressive effect.