Repercussões da insuficiência renal crônica na capacidade de exercício, estado nutricional, função pulmonar e musculatura respiratória de crianças e adolescentes / Consequences of chronic renal insufficiency on the exercise capacity, nutritional status, pulmonary function and respiratory musculature of children and adolescents

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade funcional, função pulmonar, musculatura respiratória e estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes portadores de insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) em tratamento conservador. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi realizado com 30 voluntários, divididos em dois grupos: Portadores de IRC em tratamento conservador (Grupo IRC) e grupo sem comprometimento da função renal (Grupo Controle). Os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação fisioterapêutica, espirometria, avaliação de força e resistência da musculatura respiratória, do estado nutricional e da capacidade funcional. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney com nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: No Grupo IRC, o índice de Tiffeneau foi significativamente menor (p= 0,003). Em relação à função muscular respiratória, os valores de pressão expiratória máxima foram menores (p= 0,010) e os valores do tempo do teste de resistência, maiores (p= 0,003). Na avaliação funcional, as variáveis que diferiram estatisticamente foram: menor distância caminhada (p< 0,001) e maior pressão arterial média (p< 0,001); freqüência respiratória final (p< 0,001) e escala de Borg (p= 0,048). Quanto ao estado nutricional, todas as variáveis, estatisticamente significativas, foram menores. CONCLUSÕES: Crianças e adolescentes portadores IRC, em tratamento conservador, podem apresentar alterações importantes da capacidade funcional, musculatura respiratória e estado nutricional.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate functional capacity, pulmonary function, respiratory musculature and nutritional status among children and adolescents with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) undergoing conservative treatment. METHODS: This study was conducted with 30 volunteers, divided into two groups: a group of children and adolescents with CRI undergoing conservative therapy (CRI Group) and a group without renal disease (Control Group). The volunteers underwent physical therapy evaluation, spirometry, strength and resistance tests on their respiratory musculature, nutritional status evaluation and functional capacity assessment. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5 percent. RESULTS: The Tiffeneau index was significantly lower in the CRI Group (p= 0.003). In relation to respiratory muscle function, the maximum expiratory pressure values were lower (p= 0.010) and the time values of the resistance test were greater (p= 0.003). In the functional assessment, the variables that differed statistically were: lower distance walked (p< 0.001), greater mean arterial pressure (p< 0.001), final respiratory rate (p< 0.001) and Borg scale (p= 0.048). Regarding nutritional status, all the statistically significant variables were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with CRI undergoing conservative treatment may present significantly impaired functional capacity, respiratory musculature and nutritional status.

Effect of estradiol implanted in the corticomedial amygdala on the sexual behavior of castrated male rats.

1. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of beta-estradiol crystals implanted in the corticomedial area of the amygdaloid body on the sexual behavior of castrated male rats. 2. The animals were divided into the following groups: group I (N = 9), castrated rats; group II (N = 4), rats which had been castrated and stereotaxically implanted with cholesterol, both groups being used as controls; group III (N = 6), castrated rats with estradiol implants. Latency to the first anogenital exploration, latency to the first mount and mount frequency were determined during the pre-castration and post-castration phases and after the material had been implanted in groups II and III in 10-min observation sessions. 3. There was diminished sexual behavior of the animals in group I without spontaneous recurrence within the period observed. Group II animals, who had undergone implantation of cholesterol, an inert substance, maintained low levels of sexual behavior (post-castration 0.8 +/- 0.7 vs 0.0 +/- 0.0 and 0.5 +/- 0.5 on the 6th and 9th day after implantation, respectively). Group III animals presented a gradual increase in the number of mounts (from post-castration 1.2 +/- 0.5 to 6.5 +/- 2.7 and 4.1 +/- 1.0 on the 6th and 9th day after implantation, respectively) and a decrease of mount latency (from post-castration 431.2 +/- 55.9 to 226.1 +/- 119.6 and 51.0 +/- 28.9 on the 6th and 9th day after implantation, respectively) reaching pre-castration levels on the 6th and 9th day after beta-estradiol implantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of estradiol implanted in the corticomedial amygdala on the sexual behavior of castrated male rats

1. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of ß-estradiol crystals implanted in the corticomedial area of the amygadaloid body on the sexual behavior of castrated male rats. 2. The animals were divided into the following groups: group I (N=9), castrated rats; group II (N=4), rats which had been castrated and stereotaxically implanted with cholesterol, both groups being used as controls; group III (N=6), castrated rats con estradiol implants. Latency to the first anogenital exploration, latency to the first mount and mount frquency were determined during the pre-castration and post-castration phases and after the material had been implanted in groups II and III in 10-min observation sessions. 3. There was diminished sexual behavior of the animals in group I without spontaneous recurrence within the period observed. Group II animals, who had undergone implantation of cholesterol, an inert substance, maintained low levels of sexual behavior (post-castration 0.8 ñ 7 vs 0.0 ñ 0.0 and 0.5 ñ 0.5 on the 6th and 9th day afther implantation, repectively). Group III animals presented a gradual increase in the number of mounts (from post-castration 1.2 ñ 0.5 to 6.5 ñ 2.7 and 4.1 ñ 1.0 on the 6th and 9th day after implantation, respectively) and a decrease of mount latency (from post-castration 431.2 ñ 55.9 to 226.1 ñ 119.6 and 51.0 ñ 28.9 on the 6th and 9th day after implantation, respectively) reaching pre-castration levels on the 6th and 9th day after ß-estradiol implantation. 4. We conclude that, under the effect of estradiol, the amygdaloid region can modulate male sexual behavior, thus injdicating a physiological role for estradiol receptors present in this area