Stenocereus huastecorum-fruit juice concentrate protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by nitric oxide pathway activity and antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects.

Cisplatin (CP) is an antineoplastic agent used to treat solid tumors, that has high nephrotoxicity caused by physiologic, hemodynamic, and biochemical alterations. Some studies have shown that naturally derived bioactive compounds in CP-induced nephrotoxicity reduce the side effects of this antineoplastic drug. Pitaya is an endemic fruit from Mexico with a high bioactive compound content, including betalains and phenolic compounds, with reports of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the aim was to establish the effect of a pitaya juice concentrate (PJC) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar male rats through the identification of metabolites, determination of its chemical composition and antioxidant activity, and evaluation of the protective effect of a PJC on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The PJC showed a high content of betanins with antioxidant activity by an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (1299.6 ± 2.80 Trolox equivalents/g). PJC was administered daily (400 mg day-1, p. o.) for 3 days before CP administration until the end of the experiment. On day four, rats were administered a single injection of CP (6 mg kg, i.p.-1) and sacrificed 72 h later. We observed that CP provoked renal dysfunction (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.07 serum creatinine levels), oxidative stress, a decrease in nitrate and nitrite (NO2¯/NO3¯) levels (0.1 ± 0.08 vs. 0.4 ± 0.3) and activation of apoptosis and immune responses in kidney tissue. In addition, CP treatment induced tubular damage threefold. PJC administration prevented renal dysfunction (0.5 ± 0.06 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1), normalized degenerative structural damage prevented the increase in lipoperoxidation levels (0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1) and reduced the apoptosis index by 2.5 in kidney tissue. However, it did not modify the immune response caused by CP. Furthermore, PJC treatment increased nuclear factor erythroid two related factors two protein levels two times and NO2¯/NO3¯ levels 22 times in kidney tissue, which may play a role in the renoprotective effect. In conclusion, the renoprotective effect of PJC on CP-induced nephrotoxicity was associated with the attenuation of dysfunction, structural damage, apoptosis activation, and oxidative stress and was related to changes in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and renal nitric oxide (NO) pathways. The changes in the NO pathway may be involved in renal hemodynamics. Pitaya could be used as a functional food and therapeutic coadjuvant during CP treatments due to its high bioactive levels and renoprotective compounds.

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments / Perfil hematológico e bioquímico do sangue da arraia de água doce Potamotrygon magdalenae como ferramenta para avaliação da população em ambientes artificiais

Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado(Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos [...].

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments

Abstract Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

Resumo A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado (Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos de monitoramento e as taxas de sobrevivência em aquários públicos ou privados.

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments / Perfil hematológico e bioquímico do sangue da arraia de água doce Potamotrygon magdalenae como ferramenta para avaliação da população em ambientes artificiais

Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado (Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos de monitoramento e as taxas de sobrevivência em aquários públicos ou privados.

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments.

Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

Infección placentaria por malaria / Placental malaria infection

Introducción: El paludismo o malaria es la enfermedad infecciosa vectorial más prevalente del mundo. En España se diagnostican más de 200 casos anuales en los hospitales. Material y método: Reportamos un caso clínico-patológico de una infectación placentaria de una gestante de origen guineano. Resultados: La presencia de signos de intervellositis crónica con presencia de hematíes nucleados por la presencia de pigmento malárico son los signos característicos de esta afección. Conclusiones: La necesidad de pensar en este proceso infeccioso parasitario, a menudo olvidado, resalta el hecho de que la pieza placentaria puede ser definitiva para el diagnóstico del proceso. El aumento del fenómeno inmigratorio es posible que eleve la aparición de estos casos, considerados hasta ahora como muy inusuales en nuestro medio

Introduction: Malaria is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the world. In Spain, more than 200 cases are diagnosed annually in hospitals. Material and methods: We report a case of placental infestation in a pregnant woman from Guinea. Results: The hallmarks of this entity are signs of chronic intervillositis with nucleated red blood cells and the presence of malaria pigment. Conclusions: Malaria is often overlooked in the diagnostic process. The placenta may be definitive in establishing this diagnosis. The rise in immigration may lead to an increase in malaria cases, which to date have been considered uncommon in our setting

Presentación de 2 casos clínicos-patológicos de neoplasias papilares intraductales pancreáticas con diferentes fenotipos y evolución / Report of two clinical-pathological cases of pancreatic intraductal papillary neoplasms with distinct phenotype and outcome

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Rabdomiosarcoma alveolar orbitario enmascarado por sinusitis etmoidal en un adulto de 25 años / Orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma masked by ethmoid sinusitis in a 25-year-old

CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 25 años con sinusitis subaguda derecha acudió por molestias en ojo derecho. Ante clínica y tomografía urgente sugestiva de absceso subperióstico orbitario etmoidal, se realizó un drenaje urgente, hallándose una tumoración sólida con biopsia positiva para rabdomiosarcoma alveolar. Se inició tratamiento con quimioterapia y radioterapia con remisión completa y resolución del cuadro clínico. DISCUSIÓN: El rabdomiosarcoma orbitario alveolar en adultos es infrecuente. Presenta un alto riesgo de diseminación y puede debutar simulando una sinusitis, como en este caso, por lo que un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces son de especial importancia en estos pacientes

CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old woman with right subacute sinusitis, complained about discomfort in her right eye. Clinical manifestations and computed tomography were suggestive of sub-periosteal orbital ethmoid wall abscess, for which the patient underwent urgent drainage. A solid tumor was found, with a positive biopsy for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Complete remission and resolution of orbital symptoms were achieved with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. DISCUSSION: Alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is uncommon. Rhabdomyosarcoma has a high risk of spreading. It can simulate a sinusitis, as in our patient, early diagnosis and early treatment being especially important in these patients

[Orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma masked by ethmoid sinusitis in a 25-year-old]. / Rabdomiosarcoma alveolar orbitario enmascarado por sinusitis etmoidal en un adulto de 25 años.

CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old woman with right subacute sinusitis, complained about discomfort in her right eye. Clinical manifestations and computed tomography were suggestive of sub-periosteal orbital ethmoid wall abscess, for which the patient underwent urgent drainage. A solid tumor was found, with a positive biopsy for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Complete remission and resolution of orbital symptoms were achieved with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. DISCUSSION: Alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is uncommon. Rhabdomyosarcoma has a high risk of spreading. It can simulate a sinusitis, as in our patient, early diagnosis and early treatment being especially important in these patients.

Asociación obesidad e hiperplasia nodular focal (HNF) telangiectásica. Reevaluación de 24 casos / Association between obesity and focal nodular hyperplasia telangiectasia. 24 cases re-evaluation

La hiperplasia nodular focal no es una verdadera neo plasia. Es una respuesta regenerativa de los hepatocitos a una anomalía vascular. Se reevaluaron 24 casos diagnosticados y confirmados en el estudio anatomopatológico como hiperplasia nodular focal. Tres de los 24 casos fueron reclasificados como adenomas inflamatorios telangiectásico, vinculado con antecedentes de síndromes metabolicos y con imnumorreactividad frente a la Amiloide A. La presencia de ectasia vascular, dilatación sinusoidal, áreas de peliosis con signos inflamatorios focales o difusos asociados a inmunorreactividad frente al Amiloide A son signos histológicos que nos indican la presencia de adenomas hepatocelulares inflamatorios telangiectásicos antiguamente clasificados como hiperplasia nodular focal atípica. El antecedentes de obesidad u hígado graso, unido al incremento en la reactividad frente al Amiloide A caracteriza a los adenomas inflamatorios telan giectásicos (AU)

Focal nodular hyperplasia is not a true neoplasm. It is a regenerative response of hepatocytes to a vascular abnormality. 24 cases were re-evaluated and diagnosed at pathologic examination confirmed as focal nodular hyperplasia. Three of the 24 cases were reclassified as inflammatory telangiectatic adenomas with imnumorreactividad against amyloid A. The presence of vascular and sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, peliotic areas with signs of inflammation associated with focal or diffuse immunoreactivity compared to Amyloid are histological signs that indicate the presence of inflammatory telangiectatic hepatocellular adenomas, formerly classified as focal nodular hyperplasia, atypical. An increased reactivity to Amyloid and association metabolic syndrome characterizes inflammatory telangiectatic adenomas (AU)

The potential role of T-cell memory distribution as predisposing factor for rejection in heart transplant recipients.

CD4 T cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of rejection, providing help to alloreactive CD8 and B cells, however, the exact contribution of each memory compartment in vivo has not been defined. They are also important for the maintenance of tolerance due to regulatory activity of specialized subsets. In this study, we assessed changes in frequencies of functionally distinct lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood (PBLs) in 26 heart transplant recipients (HT) in association with rejection episodes. Patients who developed rejection (n = 7), namely Grade 3B (n = 1), 3A (n = 4), or 2 (n = 2), in comparison with those with stable graft function displayed at baseline (pre-HT) higher percentages of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) CD4 T cells (median 48 vs 36.6%; P = .035) and lower percentages of central memory (CCR7+CD45RA-) CD4 T cells (33.3 vs 46.5%; P = .035). At 30 days post-HT, CD4/CD127(low)FoxP3+ T cells were significantly reduced among patients with rejection episodes (0.84 vs 2.15%; P = .042). CD8 final effector T cells were increased at 90 days post-HT among those patients who experienced rejection (TEM2: 60.8 vs 31.9%; P < .1), at the expense of shrinking CD8 central memory compartment (TCM: 8.6 vs 12.9%; P = .046). The potential role of T-cell memory distribution should be further evaluated in HT patients as possible markers to discriminate patients at risk for rejection.