The Lived Experiences of Female Immigrant Carers in Madrid, Spain: A Phenomenological Study.

BACKGROUND: Immigration and population ageing represent circumstances with important sociocultural and economic repercussions. METHODS: A qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted to understand the daily lives and the work of immigrant women dedicated to caring for older citizens. In-depth interviews and discussion groups were carried out in a group of 40 immigrant carers. Data were analysed via the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Three qualitative themes emerged from the data: 'difficult lives', 'working in the home', and 'the vision of the other'. This study highlights the many difficulties encountered by this population. A sense of vulnerability was described while fulfilling their professional duties due to their migrant condition, experiences of gender inequality, and work status. An emotional connection is necessary to provide care, which is impossible in cases of discrimination. DISCUSSION: Administrative regularisation is necessary to improve the quality of immigrant carers' working conditions.

The Effect of a Sleep Intervention on Sleep Quality in Nursing Students: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

We develop a protocol for assessing the impact of an intervention aimed at improving sleep quality among university nursing students. The study is designed as a pilot randomized controlled trial to be applied during the 2022-23 academic year and is registered at Clinical Trials Gov website (NCT05273086). A total of 60 nursing students will be recruited from a Spanish university. They will be divided into two groups: (30) intervention group and (30) control group. The intervention group will attend two cognitive-behavioural therapy sleep programme sessions focused on knowledge of anatomical structures involved in sleep, chronotype, synchronization, and good sleeping habits. Subjective and objective sleep quality will be assessed before and after the intervention for both groups. In addition to sleep quality, socio-demographic parameters, physical activity, lifestyle habits, and anthropometric measures will be considered prior to intervention. Finally, a satisfaction questionnaire will be applied for posterior analysis. This study is an innovative, relevant intervention that aims to improve sleep quality among university nursing students. Both the approach and the use of objective and subjective validated outcome measurements are key features of this study.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Lifestyles of University Students: A Spanish Online Survey.

The present study aimed to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyle behaviors among Spanish university students during COVID-19-related confinement. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted during April 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. Of the participants, 76.3% were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students were especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = 0.010). For women, social and family relationships (p < 0.001), personality (p < 0.001), interior (p < 0.001), and career (p < 0.001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise (p < 0.001), social and family relationships (p < 0.001), and career (p = 0.002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases, confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). Gender (p = 0.008) and obesity (p = 0.044) were the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire. Spanish university students' lifestyles worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those of women, who were the most affected. Some aspects, such as those related to social and emotional behaviors, were deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.

May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Spain.

The aim of the May Measurement Month (MMM) is devoted to better understanding the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in Spain. Presented here are the data corresponding to 2019 campaign. In 2019, a total of 4433 patients (61.5% males) with a mean age of 54.8 years were included. Of all, 96.0% were Caucasian, and 3294 were recruited in pharmacies. The mean values of systolic blood pressure (BP) were 125.6 and of diastolic 76.7 mmHg in the whole population. The most recent previous BP measurement took place more than 1 year before in 27.6% of participants. A total of 1883 were hypertensive (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication), of whom 77.2%/were aware and 71.1% were on medication. Of all, 64.9% of those on medication and 46.1% of all hypertensive participants had a BP controlled to <140/90 mmHg. These data from MMM 2019 continue to indicate the need for an improvement in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Spain.

Validation of living with chronic illness scale in a type 2 diabetes mellitus population.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and one of those producing greatest impact on patients' day-to-day quality of life. Our study aim is to validate the "Living with Chronic Illness Scale" for a Spanish-speaking T2DM population. METHODS: In this observational, international, cross-sectional study, 582 persons with T2DM were recruited in primary care and outpatient hospital consultations, in Spain and Colombia, during the period from May 2018 to June 2019. The properties analysed were feasibility/acceptability, internal consistency, reliability, precision and (structural) content-construct validity including confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist was used to assess the methodological/psychometric quality of the instrument. RESULTS: The scale had an adequate internal consistency and test retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96, respectively). In addition, the instrument is precise (standard error of measurement = 3.34, with values < ½SD = 8.52) and correlates positively with social support (DUFSS) (rs = 0.56), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) (rs = 0.51-0.30) and ssatisfaction with life (SLS-6) (rs = 0.50-0.38). The original 26-items version of the scale did not support totally the confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist is favourable for all the properties analysed, although weaknesses are detected for structural validity. CONCLUSIONS: The LW-CI-T2DM is a valid, reliable and accurate instrument for use in clinical practice to determine how a person's life is affected by the presence of diabetes. This instrument correlates well with the associated constructs of social support, quality of life and satisfaction. Additional research is needed to determine how well the questionnaire structure performs when robust factor analysis methods are applied.

Psychometric Validation of the Living with Chronic Illness Scale in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.

It is necessary to develop self-reported instruments that evaluate the process of living with chronic heart failure (HF) holistically. The Living with Chronic Illness Scale-HF (LW-CI-HF) is the only available tool to evaluate how patients are living with HF. The aim is to analyse the psychometric properties of the LW-CI scale in the HF population. An international, cross-sectional validation study was carried out in 603 patients living with HF from Spain and Colombia. The variables measured were living with HF, perceived social support, satisfaction with life, quality of life and global impression of severity. The LW-CI-HF scale presented good data quality and acceptability. All domains showed high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient ≥ 0.7. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score was satisfactory (0.9) in test-retest reliability. The LW-CI-HF correlated 0.7 with social support and quality of life measures. Standard error of measurement was 6.5 for total scale. The LW-CI-HF scale is feasible, reliable and valid. However, results should be taken with caution in order to be used in clinical practice to evaluate the complex process of living with HF. Further research is proposed.

La influencia de la actividad física como tratamiento alternativo a la prostatitis crónica: un metaanálisis / The influence of physical activity as an alternative treatment to chronic prostatitis: a meta-analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prostatitis crónica es uno de los diagnósticos más comunes en las consultas ambulatorias de Urología. Se presenta como un conjunto heterogéneo de enfermedades, cuya etiología muchas veces resulta desconocida, mostrando como denominador común un conjunto de síntomas dolorosos, irritativos y obstructivos del tracto genitourinario y el periné. OBJETIVOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis actualizado de esta dolencia en relación con los perjuicios o beneficios que la actividad física podría tener en la prostatitis crónica o el dolor pélvico crónico. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda formal en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Dialnet y SciELO hasta junio de 2018 (siendo el último artículo empleado en este metaanálisis publicado en marzo de 2018). RESULTADOS: El equipo investigador revisó un total de 93 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10, con un posterior examen de su calidad metodológica mediante la escala PEDro. Se realizó la comparación del índice de masa corporal, la calidad de vida relacionada con el índice de masa corporal y la correlación de la incontinencia urinaria. El análisis global de las intervenciones dentro de la incontinencia urinaria resultó significativo (tamaño del efecto: 0,11; IC 95% 0,038 a 0,43; p = 0,024). CONCLUSIONES: La variabilidad asociada a diseños experimentales representa una heterogeneidad en los efectos de los distintos programas o intervenciones de actividad física para el tratamiento de la prostatitis crónica. Los tamaños del efecto obtenidos evidencian que la efectividad de los programas de tratamiento alternativos, empleando vehicularmente la actividad física, puede guardar una relación con el tipo de intervención realizada

INTRODUCTION: Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common diagnoses in outpatient clinics in Urology. It is presented as a heterogeneous group of diseases, whose etiology is often unknown, showing as a common denominator a set of painful, irritative and obstructive symptoms of the genitourinary tract and perineum. OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of this pathology was performed in relation to the damages or benefits that physical activity could have in chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain. METHODS: The Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Dialnet and SciELO databases were consulted until June 2018 (the last paper used in this meta-analysis was published in March 2018). RESULTS: The research team reviewed a total of 93 studies, of which 10 were selected, with a subsequent examination of their methodological quality using the PEDro scale. The comparison of the body mass index, the quality of life related to the body mass index and the correlation of the urinary incontinence were made. The overall analysis of the interventions within the urinary incontinence was significant (effect size: 0.11; 95% CI 0.038 to 0.43; P=.024). CONCLUSIONS: The variability associated with experimental designs represents a heterogeneity in the effects of different programs or physical activity interventions for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. The effect sizes obtained suggest that the effectiveness of alternative treatment programs, using vehicular physical activity, may be related to the type of intervention performed

[The influence of physical activity as an alternative treatment to chronic prostatitis: A meta-analysis]. / La influencia de la actividad física como tratamiento alternativo a la prostatitis crónica: un metaanálisis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common diagnoses in outpatient clinics in Urology. It is presented as a heterogeneous group of diseases, whose etiology is often unknown, showing as a common denominator a set of painful, irritative and obstructive symptoms of the genitourinary tract and perineum. OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of this pathology was performed in relation to the damages or benefits that physical activity could have in chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain. METHODS: The Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Dialnet and SciELO databases were consulted until June 2018 (the last paper used in this meta-analysis was published in March 2018). RESULTS: The research team reviewed a total of 93 studies, of which 10 were selected, with a subsequent examination of their methodological quality using the PEDro scale. The comparison of the body mass index, the quality of life related to the body mass index and the correlation of the urinary incontinence were made. The overall analysis of the interventions within the urinary incontinence was significant (effect size: 0.11; 95% CI 0.038 to 0.43; P=.024). CONCLUSIONS: The variability associated with experimental designs represents a heterogeneity in the effects of different programs or physical activity interventions for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. The effect sizes obtained suggest that the effectiveness of alternative treatment programs, using vehicular physical activity, may be related to the type of intervention performed.

Patrones de multimorbilidad, grado de control y riesgo hemorrágico en pacientes con antagonistas de la vitamina K / Multiple morbidity patterns, level of control and haemorrhagic risk in patients with vitamin K antagonists

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Barómetro de diabetes tipo 2 en atención primaria. Control metabólico, estilos de vida y perfil de morbilidad / Barometer of type 2 diabetes in primary care. Metabolic control, styles of life and morbidity profile

Objetivo: Conocer el perfil de morbilidad cardiovascular, grado de control y estilos de vida en diabetes tipo 2. Método: Estudio transversal multicéntrico aleatorizado realizado en 2015 en atención primaria con 129 diabéticos. Incluyó variables sociodemográficas, complicaciones micro- y macrovasculares, daño orgánico, comorbilidad y estilos de vida de tabaquismo, ejercicio y adherencia a dieta mediterránea. El control metabólico se valoró con la última hemoglobina glucosilada anual. Resultados: El 57,4% eran hombres y el 42,6% mujeres. El control metabólico fue aceptable (HbAc1%, 7,15%) sin diferencias por municipio. El 74,4% tenía comorbilidad cardiovascular y el 99,2% factores de riesgo. El 23,3% era fumador y el 41,1% sedentario, con una adherencia a dieta mediterránea del 56%. Conclusiones: El perfil cardiometabólico de diabetes incluye retinopatías, enfermedad arterial periférica, comorbilidad de HTA y múltiples factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La educación para la salud individual o grupal en autocuidados y estilos saludables puede mejorar el control metabólico (AU)

Objective: Knowing the profile of cardiovascular morbidity, degree of control and lifestyles in type 2 diabetes. Method: Randomized multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 in primary care with 129 diabetics. It included sociodemographic variables, microvascular and macrovascular complications, organic damage, comorbidity and lifestyles of smoking, exercise and adherence to Mediterranean diet. Metabolic control was assessed with the latest annual glycosylated haemoglobin. Results: 57% were men and 43% women. Metabolic control was acceptable (HbAc1%, 7.15%) without differences by town. 74.4% had cardiovascular comorbidity and the 99.2% risk factors. 23% were smokers and 41% sedentary with a 56% adherence to Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: The cardiometabolic profile of diabetes includes retinopathy, peripheral arterial disease, comorbidity of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors. Individual or group health education in self-care and healthy lifestyles can improve metabolic control (AU)

Valoración integral de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en atención primaria. Calidad de vida y mortalidad asociada a comorbilidad / Comprehensive assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. Quality of life and mortality associated comorbidity

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Barometer of type 2 diabetes in primary care. Metabolic control, styles of life and morbidity profile. / Barómetro de diabetes tipo 2 en atención primaria. Control metabólico, estilos de vida y perfil de morbilidad.

OBJECTIVE: Knowing the profile of cardiovascular morbidity, degree of control and lifestyles in type 2 diabetes. METHOD: Randomized multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 in primary care with 129 diabetics. It included sociodemographic variables, microvascular and macrovascular complications, organic damage, comorbidity and lifestyles of smoking, exercise and adherence to Mediterranean diet. Metabolic control was assessed with the latest annual glycosylated haemoglobin. RESULTS: 57% were men and 43% women. Metabolic control was acceptable (HbAc1%, 7.15%) without differences by town. 74.4% had cardiovascular comorbidity and the 99.2% risk factors. 23% were smokers and 41% sedentary with a 56% adherence to Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiometabolic profile of diabetes includes retinopathy, peripheral arterial disease, comorbidity of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors. Individual or group health education in self-care and healthy lifestyles can improve metabolic control.

Programa de telemedicina y pacientes cardiacos africanos tratados en España / Telemedicine program and cardiac Africans patients treated in Spain

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Telemedicina, una red social médica de ayuda humanitaria entre España y Camerún / Telemedicine, a medical social network for humanitarian aid between Spain and Cameroon

La aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la asistencia sanitaria de los países del sur es un recurso que puede mejorar la salud de millones de personas en situación de pobreza y sin acceso a servicios de salud de calidad. Concretamente, la telemedicina no sincronizada con plataformas en Internet es una opción muy eficiente para proyectos de cooperación internacional. El proyecto Salud 2.0: profesionales de África-España conectados, de la organización española Fundación Recover, Hospitales para África, ha conseguido desde su inicio conectar a profesionales de ambos continentes con el objetivo de mejorar la salud en Camerún. Gracias a una red social científica con formato de gestión de casos clínicos y actualizaciones, médicos españoles colaboran a través de un voluntariado e-health en la formación de sus colegas africanos, mejorando la calidad asistencial que se presta a la población a la vez que se crean fuentes de conocimiento y de investigación (AU)

The application of information technologies and telecommunications in healthcare in southern countries can improve the health of millions of people living in poverty without access to high-quality health services. Specifically, telemedicine not synchronized with internet platforms is a very efficient option for international cooperation projects. Since its inception, the project Health 2.0: professionals from Africa-Spain connected, of the Spanish organization, Foundation Recover, Hospitals for Africa, has managed to connect health professionals from both continents with the goal of improving health in Cameroon. Thanks to a social network with the scientific format of case management and clinical updates, Spanish physicians collaborate through volunteer e-health in the training of their African colleagues to improve the quality of care provided to residents and also create sources of knowledge and research (AU)

Programación y ejecución de una campaña de vacunación contra la meningitis en África / Programming and implementation a meningitis vaccination campaign in Africa

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[Telemedicine, a medical social network for humanitarian aid between Spain and Cameroon]. / Telemedicina, una red social médica de ayuda humanitaria entre España y Camerún.

The application of information technologies and telecommunications in healthcare in southern countries can improve the health of millions of people living in poverty without access to high-quality health services. Specifically, telemedicine not synchronized with internet platforms is a very efficient option for international cooperation projects. Since its inception, the project Health 2.0: professionals from Africa-Spain connected, of the Spanish organization, Foundation Recover, Hospitals for Africa, has managed to connect health professionals from both continents with the goal of improving health in Cameroon. Thanks to a social network with the scientific format of case management and clinical updates, Spanish physicians collaborate through volunteer e-health in the training of their African colleagues to improve the quality of care provided to residents and also create sources of knowledge and research.