Infants prenatally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 show the absence of fidgety movements and are at higher risk for neurological disorders: A comparative study.

Congenital viral infections are believed to damage the developing neonatal brain. However, whether neonates exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) show manifestations of such damage remains unclear. For neurodevelopment evaluation, general movement assessments have been shown to be effective in identifying early indicators of neurological dysfunction, including the absence of fidgety movements. This study compared the early motor repertoire by general movement assessment at three to five months of age in neonates who were or were not prenatally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 to determine whether infants prenatally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of developing neurological disorders. Fifty-six infants, including 28 in the exposed group of mothers without vaccination who had no need for intensive care and likely had SARS-CoV-2 infection close to the time of pregnancy resolution and 28 infants in the nonexposed group, were videotaped to compare their detailed early motor repertoires, in which a motor optimality score-revised (MOS-R) was calculated using Prechtl's method by using the chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests. In the exposed group, 3 (11%) infants showed the absence of fidgety movements with a total MOS-R<14 points, and 3 (11%) other infants showed abnormal fidgety movements. Between groups, atypical body symmetry (p = 0.009) and MOS-R values were significantly lower (Z = -3.08, p = 0.002), with a large size effect (Cohen's d = 0.97). The consequences of this new virus go beyond the health of the pregnant mother, and these consequences in some of the infants in the exposed group are likely not transitory because of the absence of fidgety movements between 3-5 months; thus, these babies are at increased risk of developing a serious neurological disorder.

Contenido científico en la formación investigativa a través de las TIC en estudiantes universitarios / Scientific content in research training through ICT in university students

RESUMEN El uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) imprimen hoy una forma específica de determinar el contenido científico que se obtiene en la transformación de la información en conocimiento científico y de este último en innovación investigativa. En estas condiciones se precisa el objetivo en identificar el estado del arte sobre la formación investigativa con el uso de las TIC en estudiantes universitarios. Se realiza revisión documental a artículos relacionados con la temática en el período 2009-2019 y se aplica encuesta a docentes de la Universidad de Loja mediante el correo electrónico, lo cual permitió comparar información. Se identificaron categorías que expresan el papel de las TIC en la formación investigativa; con lo que se identificó el estado del arte de la temática. Así como se establecieron indicadores para determinar la frecuencia de empleo de las manifestaciones de las TIC tales como buscadores de Internet, base de datos, foros de grupos científicos utilizados en la formación investigativa; y se determinaron limitaciones que aún se percibe en dicha formación. Los resultados significan la demanda del uso de las TIC para la obtención del contenido científico en la formación investigativa, pero dicha formación no se reduce a la utilización de las tecnologías, sino será necesario disponer de un enfoque didáctico-pedagógico orientado al autoaprendizaje en la búsqueda, intercambio, reflexión y análisis de la información que permita la generación de conocimiento científico, como eslabón para la innovación investigativa transformadora de la realidad.

ABSTRACT The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) today print a specific way to determine the scientific content that is obtained in the transformation of information into scientific knowledge and the latter in research innovation. Under these conditions, the objective is to identify the state of the art on research training with the use of ICT in university students. A documentary review of articles related to the subject is carried out in the period 2009-2019 and a survey of teachers of the University of Loja is applied by email, which allowed comparing information. Categories that express the role of ICT in research training were identified; with which the state of the art of the subject was identified. As well as indicators were established to determine the frequency of use of the manifestations of ICTs such as Internet search engines, database, forums of scientific groups used in research training; and limitations that are still perceived in said training were determined. The results mean the demand for the use of ICTs to obtain scientific content in research training, but such training is not reduced to the use of technologies, but it will be necessary to have a didactic-pedagogical approach aimed at self-learning in the search, exchange, reflection and analysis of the information that allows the generation of scientific knowledge, as a link for the transformative research innovation of reality.

Las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) como forma investigativa interdisciplinaria con un enfoque intercultural para el proceso de formación estudiantil / Information and Communication Technologies (TIC) as an interdisciplinary research form with an intercultural approach to the process of student training

Resumen El presente artículo manifiesta la importante concepción y uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) como herramientas que han permitido desarrollar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la educación, facilitando tanto al docente como al alumnado la adquisición del conocimiento de forma más inmediata y amplia; el gran impacto del desarrollo tecnológico que se está originando en la actualidad ha favorecido lo que se denomina la nueva revolución social; en efecto, las TIC han generado grandiosos cambios en las organizaciones culturales, sociales, económicas y educativas. Estas manifiestan una serie de características fundamentales como una vía factible a todo tipo de información, establece una comunicación inmediata, ya sea sincrónica o asincrónica, en la automatización de las actividades, almacenamiento de numerosa información y la interacción entre computadores y usuarios. El docente cumple un rol fundamental en el conocimiento y uso de estas tecnologías, debido a la importancia didáctica que pueden tener las TIC empleadas adecuadamente en el aula de clase. Sin embargo, los docentes hoy en día no comprenden con eficacia la utilidad que puede significar el uso de las TIC en el desarrollo del proceso de formación de los estudiantes; esto se refleja en la calidad educativa. Por lo cual este manuscrito tiene como objetivo analizar las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación como forma investigativa interdisciplinaria con un enfoque intercultural para fortalecer el proceso de formación de los estudiantes.

This article shows the important conception and use of information technologies as tools that have allowed the development of the teaching-learning process in education, facilitating both the teacher and the students the acquisition of knowledge in a more immediate and comprehensive way; The great impact of the technological development that is currently taking place has favored what is called the new social revolution, ICTs have generated great changes in cultural, social, economic and educational organizations. These manifest a series of fundamental characteristics as a feasible way to all types of information, establishing an immediate communication, either synchronous or asynchronous, in the automation of activities, storage of numerous information and the interaction between computers and users. The teacher plays a fundamental role in the knowledge and use of these technologies, due to the didactic importance that ICT can have properly used in the classroom. However, today's teachers do not understand effectively the usefulness that the use of ICTs can have in the development of the student training process; this is reflected in the quality of education. Therefore, this manuscript aims to analyze Information and Communication Technologies as interdisciplinary research with an intercultural approach to strengthen the process of student training.