An integrated anaerobic digestion and microbial electrolysis system for the enhancement of methane production from organic waste: Fundamentals, innovative design and scale-up deliberation.

In the foreseeable future, renewable energy generation from electromethanogenesis to be more cost-effective energy. Electromethanogenesis system is a recent and efficient CO2 to methane technology to upgrade biogas to 100% methane for power generation. And this can be attained through by integrating anaerobic digestion with microbial electrolysis system. Microbial electrolysis system can able to support carbon reduction on cathode and oxidation on anode by CO2 capture thereby provides more CH4 production from an integrated anaerobic digestion system. Scale-up the recent advance technique of microbial electrolysis system in the anaerobic digestion process for 100% methane production for power generation is need of the hour. The overall objective of this review is to facilitate the recent technology of microbial electrolysis system in the anaerobic digestion process. At first, the function of electromethanogenesis system and innovative integrated design method are outlined. Secondly, different external parameters such as applied voltage, operating temperature, pH etc are examined for the significance on process optimization. Eventually, electrode selections, electrode spacing, surface chemistry and surface area are critically reviewed for the scale-up considerations of integration process.

Production of thermostable multiple enzymes from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KUB29.

A strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KUB29 was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing (Genbank: MF772779.1). Production of thermostable protease, amylase and lipase were done by the isolated strain. The produced enzymes were partially purified by ammonium precipitation followed by dialysis process. Protease and lipase enzymes are effectively used in bio-oil extraction from proteinaceous sample followed by transesterification to produce methyl ester. Amylase enzyme is widely used in food and laundry industry. The produced enzymes are active at thermophilic condition of 55 °C. Use of these enzymes in biofuel production process will make the process cleaner and greener.

Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fermentable Sugars by Immobilized Magnetic Cellulolytic Enzyme Cocktails.

Enzyme cocktails of reusable, highly stable cellulolytic enzymes play an inevitable role in bioconversion of biomass to biofuels economically. Cellulase, xylanase and ß-1,3-glucanase bound silica-amine functionalized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (ISN-CLEAs) were prepared and used as the biocatalyst for the depolymerization of cellulosic biomass into monomeric sugar in the present study. The Fe3O4-NPs and Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-NPs and ISN-CLEAs had an average hydrodynamic size of 82.2, 86.4, and 976.9 nm, respectively, which was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). About 97% of protein binding was achieved with 135 mM glutaraldehyde at 10 h of cross-linking time and successful binding was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ISN-CLEAs exhibited the highest thermal stability of 95% at 50 °C for 2 h and retained extended storage stability of 97% compared to 60% of its free counterpart. Besides, cross-linking allowed ISN-CLEAs reuse for at least eight consecutive cycles retaining over 70% of its initial activity. ISN-CLEAs exhibited approximately 15% increase in carbohydrate digestibility on sugar cane bagasse and eucalyptus pulp than the free enzyme.

Biodegradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R using isolated bacterial culture (Staphylococcus sp. K2204).

Staphylococcus sp. K2204, a bacterial isolate, was employed in this work to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), which belongs to the anthraquinone class of textile dye. Staphylococcus sp. K2204 biodegraded 100 mg/L RBBR at 37°C under static condition with the help of extracellular laccase and peroxidases. The products of RBBR degradation were characterized using analytical tools including mass spectral technique. The phytotoxicity tests evaluated the toxicity of RBBR and the products of biodegradation. The research outlined here is the first attempt to utilize Staphylococcus sp. K2204 for remediating the wastewater containing anthraquinone textile dye.