[Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgeries in functional and reconstructive urology]. / Chirurgie robot-assistée en urologie fonctionnelle et reconstructive.

The adoption of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery in urology is becoming increasingly frequent. Initially, its use was essentially limited to oncological surgery, such as radical prostatectomy. Its success lies in the enhanced dexterity, the three-dimensional vision, and the ability to easily suture intracorporeally. All these advantages have enabled many pioneer surgeons to develop techniques in the field of functional surgery, such as artificial urinary sphincter implantation and sacrocolpopexy, and as for reconstructive surgery, ureteral reconstructions and enterocystoplasties. This article provides a brief yet rich review of the recently innovated techniques and the now minimally invasive feasibility of previously highly complex procedures in conventional laparoscopy.

L'utilisation de l'assistance robotique en chirurgie laparoscopique est une pratique croissante en urologie, qui s'est généralisée notamment en oncologie. Son succès s'explique par une meilleure ergonomie, une meilleure vision et la capacité à suturer aisément en intracorporel. Ces avantages ont permis à plusieurs équipes de développer des techniques pour des indications de chirurgie fonctionnelle, notamment la pose de sphincter urinaire artificiel, la promontofixation, ainsi qu'en chirurgie reconstructive, par exemple pour les reconstructions urétérales et les entérocystoplasties d'agrandissement. Cet article propose un survol condensé des innovations techniques récentes et de la faisabilité désormais minimalement invasive d'interventions jusqu'à présent hautement complexes en laparoscopie conventionnelle.

Nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction: Conservative and medical management.

INTRODUCTION: In nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), management goals include reduction of outlet resistance to increase urinary outflow and improve bladder voiding to prevent or reduce lower and upper urinary tract (LUT and UUT) function deterioration, by correcting the underlying etiology. As significant progress has been achieved in the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female BOO, the purpose of this article is to review and summarize the current literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this narrative review, a PubMed® search was performed by cross-referencing the keywords "female bladder outlet obstruction," "female voiding dysfunction," "conservative management," "pharmacological management," and "treatment" with various terms related to the management of female BOO. Clinical practice guidelines and landmark reviews from the most renowned experts in the field were also used. MANAGEMENT: This review discusses and summarizes the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female BOO based on the most relevant data currently available in the literature. CONCLUSION: The recent advances in the understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in female BOO allow for more individualized management. Conservative and pharmacological options show interesting outcomes, particularly in the context of a functional cause of BOO. Overall, the level of evidence is still low regarding the use of conservative and pharmacological measures and more long-term data are required.

The Utility of Urodynamic Studies in Neuro-Urological Patients.

INTRODUCTION: The utility of a clinical tool lies in its clinical performance evaluation and describes the relevance and usefulness of that tool in a medical setting. The utility of urodynamic and video-urodynamic studies in the management of specific urodynamic profiles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic approach in neuro-urological patients is the focus of the current review. METHODS: For this narrative review, a PubMed® search was performed by cross-referencing the keywords "urodynamics", "neurogenic bladder", "utility", "clinical utility" and "clinical performance" with various terms related to the management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Clinical practice guidelines and landmark reviews from the most renowned experts in the field were also used. ANALYSIS: Assessment of the utility of urodynamic study was performed during the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic steps of the neuro-urological patients' management. We focused on its clinical performance in the identification and evaluation of several unfavorable events, such as neurogenic detrusor overactivity, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, elevated detrusor leak point pressure and the presence of vesico-ureteral reflux, which may be indicators for a higher risk for the development of urological comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Despite the paucity of existing literature assessing the utility of urodynamic study-specifically video-urodynamic study-in neuro-urological patients, it does remain the gold standard to assess lower urinary tract function precisely in this patient category. With regard to its utility, it is associated with high clinical performance at every step of management. The feedback on possible unfavorable events allows for prognostic assessment and may lead us to question current recommendations.

[Management of maternal urologic issues during pregnancy]. / Prise en charge des pathologies urologiques maternelles durant la grossesse.

The management of urologic issues in pregnancy can be complex as the risk assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic options is often a challenge. This article aims to assist obstetrician-gynecologists and general practitioners in their follow-up of common urologic issues in pregnancy, of patients with previous urologic surgery (urinary derivation, urogenital reconstruction, etc.) or with a history of obstetrical complications (placenta percreta, urinary retention, trauma). This article will not cover urologic issues in the fetus.

La prise en charge de pathologies urologiques, même courantes, peut se révéler difficile dans le contexte de la grossesse. Le défi réside notamment dans les risques liés aux procédures d'investigation et aux options thérapeutiques pour cette population unique. Cet article a pour but d'aider les gynécologues-obstétriciens et les médecins de premiers recours dans leur prise en charge des pathologies urologiques courantes dans le contexte de la grossesse, du suivi de patientes avec des antécédents chirurgicaux urologiques (dérivation urinaire, reconstruction urogénitale, etc.) ou des complications obstétricales sur les structures urologiques (placenta percreta, rétention urinaire aiguë, trauma). Il ne traite pas des pathologies urologiques fœtales.

[Update on management of genitourinary tract trauma]. / Prise en charge des traumatismes urogénitaux : mise au point.

Traumas are the leading cause of death in the 15 to 45 years old population and represent 10 % of all death causes. Hence, they are a public health problem. This article aims to review the most frequent uro-genital traumas from etiology to diagnostic evaluation and management to allow the general practitioner and the emergency doctors to familiarize themselves with the algorithms and treatment procedures.

Les traumatismes sont la cause la plus fréquente de décès de la population âgée de 15 à 45 ans et représentent environ 10 % de toutes les causes de décès. De ce fait, ils sont un problème de santé publique. Dans cet article, les principaux traumatismes urogénitaux seront passés en revue, de l'étiologie à la prise en charge en passant par les investigations diagnostiques, afin de permettre aux premiers intervenants de la chaîne de soins de se familiariser avec les algorithmes de décision et de traitement.

The utility of in-bore multiparametric magnetic resonance-guided biopsy in men with negative multiparametric magnetic resonance-ultrasound software-based fusion targeted biopsy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of in-bore multiparametric magnetic resonance-guided biopsy of the prostate (IB) in patients with visible lesion/s and previous negative software-based multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion-targeted biopsy of the prostate (FTB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed prospectively maintained database including consecutive men undergoing IB from March 2013 to October 2017 in 2 European centres expert in this procedure. We selected men with the following criteria: No previous treatment for prostate cancer (CaP), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) lesion(s) PIRADS score ≥ 3, FTB showing no clinically significant cancer (csCaP), and subsequent IB. Patient's characteristics, mpMRI findings, biopsy technique, and histopathological results were extracted. The primary outcome was to determine the detection rate of csCaP, defined as any Gleason pattern ≥ 4. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of positive findings at IB. RESULTS: Fifty-three men were included. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 64-68), median Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) was 7.6 ng/ml (IQR 5.2-10.9), and median prostate volume was 59 ml (IQR 44-84). Fifty-six lesions with PIRADS score 3 in 9 cases (16%), 4 in 30 cases (54%), and 5 in 17 cases (30%) were detected. FTB was performed in all cases using a transrectal approach with 3 different platforms (Toshiba, Koelis, and Artemis). Median time between FTB and IB was 3 months (IQR 1-7). A median of 2 cores per lesion were collected with IB (IQR 2-3). No cancer, clinically insignificant and clinically significant cancer were found in 33 (59%), 9 (16%), and 14 (25%) targeted lesions, respectively. Median maximum cancer core length and maximum positive percentage were 9 mm (3-13) and 55% (21%-80%). The only predictor of csCaP on IB was prostate volume (P = 0.026) with an ideal cut-off at 70 ml. CONCLUSION: One in 4 patients with previous negative FTB, IB was able to detect csCaP. According to this study, IB would be of particularly useful in patients with large glands.

[Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in males†: evidence and practice]. / Vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) chez le sujet masculin†: évidence et pratique.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been covered under basic health insurance in Switzerland since July 1, 2016, in accordance with the OFSP immunization plan and with the support of the Federal Vaccine Commission (CFV). The decision to include the vaccine in young adult vaccination plans came as a response to mounting evidence showing its efficiency in reducing HPV infections and associated diseases, especially cervical cancer, ano-genital and oro-pharyngeal cancers. General practitioners, pediatricians, urologists and gynecologists are the first in line to diagnose this sexually transmitted infection and are essential actors in its treatment and prevention.

La vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) est remboursée chez les garçons et les jeunes hommes (11-26 ans) en Suisse depuis le 1er juillet 2016 dans le cadre du plan de vaccination de l'Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP) et de la Commission fédérale pour les vaccinations (CFV). La décision de prendre en charge son coût répond à l'augmentation des évidences scientifiques démontrant son efficacité dans la réduction des infections à HPV et des maladies qui y sont associées, notamment les cancers du col de l'utérus, ano-génitaux et oro-pharyngés. Les médecins généralistes, les pédiatres, les urologues et les gynécologues sont en première ligne pour diagnostiquer cette maladie sexuellement transmissible et sont les acteurs essentiels de son traitement, mais surtout de sa prévention.

[Management of genitourinary trauma]. / Prise en charge des traumatismes urogénitaux.

Urogenital trauma often occurs in the context of polytrauma patients. In this article, aimed at primary care practitioners and emergency physicians, we summarise the epidemiology and aetiology of these traumas as well as their management. The goal is to allow primary healthcare professionals to become acquainted with diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in genitourinary trauma patients.

Les traumatismes des organes génitaux externes et du système urinaire chez l'adulte se rencontrent souvent dans le contexte de patients polytraumatisés. Dans cet article, qui s'adresse aux médecins de premiers recours ainsi qu'aux membres des services d'urgences, nous résumons les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et étiologiques de ces lésions ainsi que les dernières recommandations concernant leur prise en charge. Le but est de permettre aux différents intervenants de se familiariser avec les stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques face à un patient présentant un traumatisme urogénital.